哈尼族三大节日溯源

哈尼族普遍重视的三大节日是砣札札、札勒特和昂玛突。从天文历法角度进行考察,它们是源于古代十月太阳历的安排,前两个是在夏至和冬至的前夕分别两次过“年”。十月太阳历废止后,虽然出于民族感情依然保留,但受外界阴阳合历的影响,其节期发生了变更。另外,昂玛突是农耕礼仪中重要的春祈,与龙头节、社目节、上巳节有许多相似之处。     

Perihelion motion of small irregular dust particles due to radiation forces

Perihelion motion, i.e. a secular change of longitude of perihelion, of interplanetary dust particles is investigated under the action of solar gravity and solar electromagnetic radiation. As for spherical particle [Kla?ka, J., 2004. Electromagnetic radiation and motion of a particle. Cel. Mech. Dynam. Astron. 89, 1-61]: (i) perihelion motion is of the order ( is heliocentric velocity of the meteoroid and c is the speed of light in vacuum), if a component of electromagnetic radiation acceleration is considered as a part of central acceleration; (ii) perihelion motion is of the first order in if the total electromagnetic radiation force is considered as a disturbing force. The new facts presented in this paper concern irregular dust particles. Detailed numerical calculations were performed for the grains ejected at aphelion of comet Encke. Perihelion motion for irregular interplanetary dust particles exists already in the first order in for both cases of central accelerations. Moreover, perihelion motion of irregular particles exhibits both positive and negative directions during the particle orbital motion. Irregularity of the grains causes not only perihelion motion, but also dispersion of the dust in various directions, also normal to the orbital plane of the parent body.     

新疆阿舍勒盆地泥盆纪火成岩与构造-岩浆演化

阿舍勒泥盆纪火山盆地是阿尔泰西南缘重要的矿集区,产出我国著名的火山成因块状硫化物型(VMS)矿床——阿舍勒铜矿.其内部发育的火山岩和侵入岩地球化学特征记录了阿舍勒盆地的构造岩浆演化和成岩、成矿作用过程,但其形成构造背景和成岩成矿机制一直存在争论.本文报道了阿舍勒矿集区萨尔朔克铜金多金属矿区深部英云闪长岩的LA-MC-I...     

Listening to Others’ Voices (LOV) Project: An Empowering Strategy Incorporating Marginalized Perspectives

This study introduces the Listening to Others’ Voices (LOV) project, an empowering strategy in geography education. This research aims to create a dataset detailing the perspectives of negatively stereotyped countries with respect to how their countries are portrayed in geography textbooks and to investigate the pedagogical effects of the LOV project. Preservice teachers in South Korea selected so-called marginalized countries from world regional geography textbooks at the secondary education level and interviewed an ambassador or similar person. It was found that the interviewees hoped to emphasize positive images, such as economic development and a unique culture. In addition, some issues relevant to the classification of current world regions were explored. The participants indicated that they felt empowered in leading the completion of the project and that they understood that geographic knowledge is a social construct.     

黄河入海径流变化及影响因素

黄河入海径流是黄河水循环的重要分量,涉及整个流域,它的变化是流域气候与人类活动的综合体现。以黄河入海口利津水文站1963～2009年实测径流量年均值为基础,采用随机水文学方法,对入海径流动态变化进行了分析;结合流域内7个径流来源区的78个气象站同时段月均降水和气温数据及流域内取水量和水利工程等资料,探讨了不同径流来源区的气候因素和人类活动对入海径流量的影响。结果表明:近50年来入海实测径流量呈显着下降趋势,且存在1968年、1985年、1996年与2002年这四个突变点;入海天然径流量同样呈显着下降趋势,只有1985年一个突变点。唐乃亥以上区间的降水量、兰州至龙门区间的气温以及龙门至三门峡区间的降水和气温是引起入海天然径流量变化主要因素;气温因素的季节性变化对入海天然径流量也有影响,其中夏季降水与冬季气温是重要的因素。自20世纪70年代以来,人类活动对入海径流量的影响不断加强,且在耗水量、水土保持及水利工程等方面表现出明显的空间差异。取水量、降水、气温对黄河入海实测径流量变化的贡献率分别为42.2%、39.2%、18.6%.     

黄土高原和鲁西南案例区乡村居民对全球气候变化认知

基于甘肃省会宁县黄河灌溉区、旱作农业区和山东省单县农业区的问卷调查,分析了案例区乡村居民对全球气候变化认知的一般特征、减缓全球气候变化的能力认知、义务认知和支付意愿及其区域和社会人口差异。研究发现:案例区乡村居民普遍关注全球气候变化,但对全球气候变化概念和发生原因的理解较肤浅。一定程度上,受访者通过当地气候变化及其影响来理解全球气候变化;受访者认为中央政府和国际组织应为减缓全球气候变化负主要责任,个人和家庭在减缓气候变化方面能力有限、支付意愿低,不同文化程度和职业受访者认知差异明显;存在原因认知决定责任者归属和能力认知、进而决定支付意愿的因果链,作者据此提出了政策建议。     

广州金沙洲广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降形成机理研究

依据地下水动态监测、地面沉降监测和地质钻探的成果,综合研究广州市金沙洲广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降地带的地质构造、人类工程活动特征、岩土体类型、第四系厚度、地层与岩石等因素对地面沉降的影响,分析研究区内地面沉降的动态演变特征。结果表明:脆弱的地质环境条件是广州大学附属实验学校地面沉降形成的内在因素,开挖基坑、桩基础施工及抽排地下水是地面沉降形成的外在因素。在此基础上,得出学校地面沉降是因软土层在抽排地下水及地面附加荷载的共同作用下产生排水固结的结果。     

安庆沿江退耕还湖18年的湿地土壤生物化学性质研究

以安庆沿江农田不同退耕还湖方式——低坝高网式水产养殖和湿地自然恢复区的湿地土壤为研究对象,并以邻近的水田和旱地土壤作为参照,研究退耕还湖后湿地土壤生物化学性质变化.结果表明,退耕还湖18a(1991～2009年)后,在湿地自然恢复区,湿地土壤(深度为0～30 cm)微生物量碳含量、土壤磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性增大,土壤脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性减小;由水田退耕18a的湿地亚表层土壤(深度为15～30 cm)脲酶活性和表层土壤(深度为0～15 cm)过氧化氢酶活性与由旱地退耕18a的湿地无明显差异,由水田退耕18a的湿地表层土壤脲酶活性和亚表层土壤过氧化氢酶活性、表层和亚表层土壤微生物量碳含量、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性都明显高于由旱地退耕18a的湿地.退耕还湖18a后,进行低坝高网式水产养殖的湿地土壤微生物量碳含量、土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性减小,而过氧化氢酶活性增大;由水田退耕18a的湿地表层和亚表层土壤微生物量碳含量与由旱地退耕18a的湿地无明显差异,由水田退耕18a的湿地表层和亚表层土壤脲酶活性、表层土壤蔗糖酶活性和亚表层土壤磷酸酶活性明显高于由旱地退耕18a的湿地,而其亚表层土壤蔗糖酶、表层土壤磷酸酶、表层和亚表层土壤过氧化氢酶活性均显著低于由旱地退耕18a的湿地.天然湿地土壤微生物量碳含量、土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性明显低于已退耕还湖的湿地和参照农田土壤.退耕还湖后,湿地的不同利用方式及其历史利用方式影响湿地土壤生物化学性质;湿地土壤有机质等养分含量和水文条件变化是导致湿地土壤生物化学性质变化的主要原因.     

Making local futures tangible—Synthesizing, downscaling, and visualizing climate change scenarios for participatory capacity building

Local in its causes and global in its impacts, climate change still poses an unresolved challenge for scientists, politicians, entrepreneurs, and citizens. Climate change research is largely global in focus, aims at enhanced understanding, and is driven by experts, all of which seem to be insufficient to anchor climate change action in regional and local contexts. We present results from a participatory scenario study conducted in collaboration with the municipality of Delta in SW British Columbia, Canada. This study applies a participatory capacity building approach for climate change action at the local level where the sources of emissions and the mechanisms of adaptation reside and where climate change is meaningful to decision-makers and stakeholders alike. The multi-scale scenario approach consists of synthesizing global climate change scenarios, downscaling them to the regional and local level, and finally visualizing alternative climate scenarios out to 2100 in 3D views of familiar, local places. We critically discuss the scenarios produced and the strengths and weaknesses of the approach applied.     

基于GIS的信息量法及其地质灾害易发性评价应用——以滇中晋宁县为例

地质灾害易发性评价是地质灾害评价工作的基础,是地质灾害研究的重点。以往地质灾害易发性分区评价大部分依据专家的主观经验,从而导致评价结果具有较大的随意性。本文利用研究区实际调查资料,选取地形地貌、工程地质岩组、地质构造、水文地质条件、人类工程活动等参评因子,利用信息量模型在基于GIS的平台对空间数据进行自动叠加分析,得出各影响因子综合影响下的客观的易发性分区结果,然后结合专家的主观经验,经定性与定量综合分析,对分区结果进行进一步的修正,可实现对地质灾害易发性的科学评价。选取晋宁县作为示例区的应用结果与国土资源大调查中的评价结果基本一致,证实该方法切实可行,并具有广泛的推广应用价值。