华北板块北缘乌梁斯太A型花岗岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及构造意义

内蒙古乌拉特中旗乌梁斯太岩体位于华北板块北缘中段,岩性以黑云二长花岗岩为主。它具有较高的SiO₂ (74.69%~76.16%)、Na₂O+K₂O (8.63%~9.62%)、Rb (73×10^-6~200×10^-6)含量和10000×Ga/Al (3.21~3.32)、Rb/Sr (3.27~8.68)比值,较低的CaO、Ba和Sr含量,碱性指数AI=mol(K₂O + Na₂O)/ Al₂O₃) ≥0.90,属于碱性A型花岗岩。稀土球粒陨石标准化图解上,轻稀土相对富集,Eu负异常较为明显,δEu=0.03~0.06;在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Nb、Ta和Ti,富集Rb、K;这些特征类似中国东北二叠纪A型花岗岩。在判别图解上,所有样品均显示了A₂型(后碰撞)花岗岩特征。其形成可能与后碰撞板块断离作用有关。乌梁斯太岩体的形成过程可能为,俯冲板片断离导致软流圈物质上涌,发生底侵作用,底侵的玄武质岩浆的加热作用以及地壳伸展的减压效应导致中下地壳的脱水部分熔融,随后经历了分离结晶和晚期的交代作用。乌梁斯太岩体中的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为277±3Ma,表明其形成时代并非原来认为的三叠纪,而是早二叠世晚期。     

The West Spitsbergen Fold Belt: The result of Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene Greenland-Svalbard convergence?

The West Spitsbergen Fold Belt, together with the Eurekan structures of northern Greenland and Ellesmere Island, are suggested to be the result of Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene intracontinental compressional tectonics. The Late Palaeozoic –Mesozoic rocks of western Spitsbergen are characterized by near-foreland deformation with ramp-flat, top-to-the east thrust trajectories, whereas structurally higher nappes involving Caledonian complexes are typified by more listric thrusts and mylonite zones. A minimum of 40 km of shortening is estimated for the northern part of the West Spitsbergen Fold Belt. The axial trends in the West Spitsbergen and the North Greenland Eurekan fold belts parallel the principal fault zones which accommodated the separation of Greenland and Svalbard after Chron 25/24. In northern Greenland, north directed Eurekan thrusts associated with mylonites and cleavage formation represent at least 10 km of shortening. Between 50 and 100 km of shortening is estimated for the markedly arcuate Eurekan Fold Belt of Ellesmere Island, but the principal tectonic transport is eastwards. Kinematic reconstructions suggest that Svalbard was linked to North America before the opening of the Eurasian Basin and Norwegian — Greenland Sea. In the Late Cretaceous — Palaeocene interval, the relative motion between Greenland and North America was convergent across the Greenland — Svalbard margin, giving rise to the West Spitsbergen Fold Belt and the Eurekan structures of North Greenland.     

“清河镇群”年代地层学研究进展

本文根据"清河镇群"(或"开原岩群")年代地层学研究新进展,即在上肥地剖面原划入北大沟组、吴家堡子组,尖山子水库大坝原划入北大沟组等地层中获得的岩浆结晶锆石(SHRIMP)年龄2497±27 Ma、2522±17 Ma,250±5 Ma;在"白砬子组"(或"照北山岩组")之建组剖面东杨木林子的大理岩(结晶灰岩)中获得震旦纪之微古植物化石--Stictosphaeridium tortutosum,Synsphaeridium sp.,Hystrisphaeridium sp.等,结合前人研究成果和区域地质构造特征,提出清河断裂为华北板块(清原地块)与北部陆缘活动带(兴蒙或吉黑造山带)的界线,前人划分的"辽河群"或"清河镇群"或"开原岩群"是分布在不同大地构造单元内的、不同属性的地质体的拼合物.并重新划分为清河断裂带之南华北板块内的新太古代英云闪长岩和古元古代芦家堡子岩组;清河断裂带以北华北板块北部陆缘活动带的构造岩石地层-新元古代(震旦纪)西保安岩组、早寒武世佟家屯岩组和晚二叠世尖山子火山岩.     

从板块构造到地体

从板块构造的发生、发展到地体概念的提出，论述了地体解析和拼贴构造，并根据中国东部的地体研究，特别是中国东北那丹哈达地体和日本美浓地体的对比研究，论述了亚洲东部中生代构造发展史，认为在侏罗纪时，亚洲大陆边缘的地体拼贴活动已经开始，形成了拼贴沉积的复合地体；白垩纪时由于大陆边缘的侧向挤压和离散作用，这些地体产生左行运动和变形；早第三纪晚期由于日本海的扩张，形成了弧形的日本列岛。