A lithospheric model to interpret focal properties of intermediate and shallow shocks in central greece

Summary An attempt has been made to interpret the striking difference, in focal properties, between the intermediate and shallow earthquakes in Central Greece and an observed time sequence of these shocks by a lithospheric model. This model consists of a lithospheric slab descending from the Ionian to the Aegean and a back-arc expanding Aegean lithosphere. Thrust faulting near the top surface of the slab, caused by the sinking of the slab, triggers spreading and normal faulting in the back-arc Aegean region.     

The Project Siberian High in CMIP5 Models

The Siberian high(SH)experienced a decline from the 1970s to 1990s and a recovery in recent years.The evolution of the SH under global warming is unclear.In this study,41 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5)climate models are evaluated in terms of their ability to simulate the temporal evolution of the SH in the 19th and 20th centuries and the spatial pattern of the SH during 1981–2005.The results show that 12models can capture the temporal evolution of the SH center intensity(SHCI)for 1872–2005.The linear correlation coefficient between the SHCI from the Twentieth Century Reanalysis and the simulated SHCI from the multi-model ensemble(MME)of the 12 models is 0.3 on annual and inter-annual scales(above the 99%confidence level).On decadal and multi-decadal time scales,the MME also captures the pronounced reduction(between 1981–2000and 1881–1900 period)and the recovery(during1991–2005)of the SH intensity.Finally,the future evolution of the SH is investigated using the MME of the 12models under the+4.5 and+8.5 W m-2 Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5).It is shown that the SHCI,similar to the SHCI in the 20th century,has no significant long-term trend in the 21st century under global warming(RCP8.5 scenario).At the end of 21st century(2081–2100),the SH shows stronger interannual variability than the SH at the end of20th century(1981–2000).The increased interannual variability likely favors the increased interannual variability in winter air temperature over midlatitude Eurasia at the end of 21st century.     

华北板块南缘安徽青白口纪-早奥陶世层序地层与格架

华北地台南缘,主要出露青白口纪—早古生代地层,属被动大陆稳定克拉通盆地发育过程,以台地碳酸盐沉积为主。通过对十余条实测剖面及主干、辅助路线的观察研究,青白口纪—早古生代奥陶纪早期,测区可区分出二个巨层序、十二个三级层序。本文通过三级层序的划分,建立了华北地台南缘青白口纪—早古生代奥陶纪早期层序地层格架、探讨了各岩石地层单位的变化规律。     

Lopingian mixed floras from Linxi Formation in Soron area,Inner Mongolia

A lot of well-preserved plants from the Linxi Formation are collected in the Soron area,Inner Mongolia,consisting of 34 species of 16 genera. They are Late Permian in age. The flora is characterized by a lot of Angaran plants,such as Paracalamites,Comia,Rhachiphyllum,Iniopteris,Rufloria,etc. Some Cathaysian elements,such as Lobatannularia lingulata,L. multifolia,Fascipteris Cathaysiantus,F. densata,Taeniopteris szei,Cladophlebis liulinensis and C. permica,are also mixed within the present flora. This indicates that the Soron of Inner Mongolia was located in the sector between the Angaran and Cathysian floristic provinces in Lopingian. It is beneficial for depicting the location and the evolution of the Solenker--Xar Moron suture zone in the phytogeographic view. The transmigration of tropical and subtropical Cathaysian plants to the north indicates that the Paleoasian Ocean was closed during the late Permian along the suture zone.     

中美平板载荷试验规程对比及试验研究

本文通过对比中国标准与美国ASTM标准关于平板载荷试验的规定,总结归纳出两者主要区别在于承压板尺寸和沉降稳定标准,并研究其对试验结果可能产生的影响,提出工程应用中需注意的问题。美国标准通用性较强,具有较大的灵活性,而中国标准相对详细严格。笔者针对博茨瓦纳电厂的平板载荷试验,分别采用中美标准进行试验,试验结果表明:在砂类土等强度较高的地层进行试验,采用中美标准所得到的试验结果相差不明显。本文研究可为我国勘察设计人员进行需采用美标开展平板载荷试验的国外工程提供有价值的参考和解决方案。     

论扬子板块东北缘的俯冲与回撤对山东地块的影响

通过对山东中生代侵入岩体的时空展布、岩石化学及同位素特征的综合分析研究,提出了扬子板块东北缘俯冲与回撤的演化机制,分析了在这种机制下的成岩、成矿演化规律。认为扬子板块东北缘的俯冲与回撤控制了山东中生代的地质演化过程,其回撤在岩石圈深部造成的真空,导致软流圈物质的隆升,是胶东金矿大规模成矿作用的内在控制因素。     

扬子西北缘碧口微地块南华系碎屑锆石物源示踪及其地质意义

扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块华严寺地区碧口群之上发育一套含砾沉积地层,其确切沉积时限对研究该区域的沉积—构造演化具有重要意义。本文对该套地层中的2件砂岩样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析,结果显示,锆石晶型较好,无色透明,磨圆度较差,具典型岩浆生长振荡环带和韵律结构,Th/U比值为0.28～3.6,锆石U-Pb年龄介于706～2 489Ma之间。存在3个主要的年龄组：新元古代年龄组（706～951 Ma）,占92.9%,显著峰值为850 Ma和843 Ma;中元古代年龄组（1 017～1 080 Ma）,占2.6%;古元古代年龄组（1 628～2 489 Ma）,占4.5%。最小年龄组为706～715 Ma（峰值为711 Ma）,结合区域地质和研究资料,华严寺地区沉积地层时代应属于南华纪,沉积时限约为720～635 Ma,物源区主要包括扬子板块西北缘碧口微地块以及南东侧的后龙门山构造带和汉南—米仓山微地块。新元古代晚期碧口微地块及扬子板块西北缘后碰撞—裂解阶段,华严寺地区南华纪沉积为碧口微地块及邻区新元古代岩浆岩在边缘裂谷环境中快速堆积形成。     

Linking moisture and near-surface wind with winter temperature to reveal the Holocene climate evolution in arid Xinjiang region of China

An increasing number of palaeo-climatic records have been reported to identify the Holocene climate history in the arid Xinjiang region of northwest China. However, few studies have fully considered the internal linkages within the regional climate system, which may limit our understanding of the forcing mechanisms of Holocene climate change in this region. Here, we systematically consider three major issues of the moisture/precipitation, temperature and near-surface wind relevant to the Holocene climate history of Xinjiang. First, despite there still has debated for the Holocene moisture evolution in this region, more climatic reconstructions from lake sediments, loess, sand-dunes and peats support a long-term regional wetting trend. Second, temperature records from ice cores, peats and stalagmites demonstrate a long-term winter warming trend during the Holocene in middle- to high-latitudes of Asia. Third, recent studies of aeolian sedimentary sequences reveal that the near-surface winds in winter gradually weakened during the Holocene, whereas the winter mid-latitude Westerlies strengthened in the Tienshan Mountains. Based on this evidence, in the arid Xinjiang region we propose an early to middle Holocene relatively cold and dry interval, with strong near-surface winds; and a warmer, wetter interval with weaker near-surface winds in the middle to late Holocene during winter. Additionally, we develop a conceptual model to explain the pattern of Holocene climate changes in this region. From the early to the late Holocene, the increasing atmospheric CO₂ content and winter insolation, and the shrinking of high-latitude continental ice-sheets, resulted in increasing winter temperatures in middle to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Subsequently, the increased winter temperature strengthened the winter mid-latitude Westerlies and weakened the Siberian high-pressure system, which caused an increase in winter precipitation and a decrease in near-surface wind strength. This scenario is strongly supported by evidence from geological records, climate simulation results, and modern reanalysis data. Our hypothesis highlights the important contribution of winter temperature in driving the Holocene climatic evolution of the arid Xinjiang region, and it implies that the socio-economic development and water resources security of this region will face serious challenges presented by the increasing winter temperature in the future.     

胶东半岛乳山地区低角度韧性剪切带几何学、运动学特征:对中国东部岩石圈减薄作用的启示

大规模伸展构造是华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的重要表现形式。部分低角度韧性剪切带是地壳伸展变形后所展现的构造形式。本文研究了王格庄韧性剪切带的岩石学、几何学、运动学等特征显示:韧性剪切带走向近南北向,剪切带断层面倾向多变(倾向西、西南、西北方向)。大部分区域面理低角度倾向西,矿物拉伸线理近东西向,不对称旋转碎斑及S-C组构指示顶端指向西的剪切特征。结合研究区西侧与伸展构造相匹配的半地堑伸展盆地证据:本研究认为伸展构造的形成可能与西太平洋板块的后撤相关,即大规模伸展构造作用引发了华北克拉通东部的地壳减薄作用。     

扬子板块埃迪卡拉系(震旦系)陡山沱组层序地层划分与对比

在对扬子板块埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组不同相区的25条代表性剖面野外研究基础上,通过沉积岩石学和岩相序列特征的系统分析,认为陡山沱组沉积时期曾发生3次二级海平面升降事件。依据3个海平面升降转换面,可识别出3个层序底界面:(1)陡山沱组底部与下伏南华系南沱组及其同期层位的冰碛杂砾岩之间的界面;(2)在浅水沉积区陡山沱组中部和上部分别出现喀斯特侵蚀面;(3)在深水沉积区相应层序界面为岩相结构转换面。依据火山灰锆石U-Pb同位素年龄,可将陡山沱组层序地层划分为2个半二级层序或超层序(SS1,SS2和SS3-TST),其中SS1时限为35Ma(635~600Ma),SS2时限为35Ma(600~565Ma),SS3-TST时限为14Ma(565~551Ma)。陡山沱组底部广泛发育的盖帽白云岩底和3个层序内的最大海泛面可以作为4个相对等时面,结合事件沉积标志层,可建立扬子板块陡山沱组从浅水沉积区至深水沉积区等时性二级层序地层划分对比格架。研究结果表明,三峡地区陡山沱组四段式划分方案不适用于整个扬子板块内陡山沱组的区域地层划分和对比。因而,建议扬子板块陡山沱组应该以二级层序地层为基础,结合化学地层和生物地层进行综合划分和对比。陡山沱组新的地层划分对比格架为研究陡山沱组古地理演变和编制该时期高精度的岩相古地理图奠定了基础。