ASTER 热红外遥感地表岩石的二氧化硅含量定量反演

岩石的热红外发射率光谱特征与其SiO_2含量具有很强的对应关系,本文选择USGS、JPL和JHU光谱库中的52个火成岩光谱样本为数据源,分析了这些样本的SiO_2含量与热红外发射率光谱的基本关系,建立起SiO_2含量与发射率光谱两个多元线性回归分析模型,在此基础上,以内蒙古东乌珠穆沁北部地区为研究区域,对该区域内SiO_2含量进行定量反演,反演结果与地质图和实地考察相符.反演结果可以对区内酸性岩、中性岩、基性岩进行圈定.     

Tectonothermal evolution of high-alumina rocks within the Protogine Zone, southern Sweden

Abstract The Protogine Zone comprises a system of anastomosing deformation zones which approximately parallel the eastern boundary of the Sveconorwegian (1200–900 Ma) province in south-west Sweden. Ages of granulite facies metamorphism in the Sveconorwegian province require exhumation from c . 30 to 35 km crustal depths after 920–880 Ma. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar cooling ages are presented for muscovite from high-alumina rocks formed by hydrothermal leaching associated with the Protogine Zone. Growth of fabric-defining minerals was associated with a ductile deformational event; muscovite from these rocks cooled below argon retention temperatures ( c . 375 ± 25° C) at c . 965–955 Ma. Muscovite from granofels in zones of intense alteration indicates that temperatures > 375 ± 25° C were maintained until c . 940 Ma. Textural relations of Al₂SiO₅ polymorphs and chloritoid suggest that dated fabrics formed during exhumation. The process of exhumation, brittle overprint on ductile structures and hydrothermal activity along faults within the Protogine Zone tentatively are interpreted as the peripheral effects of initial Neoproterozoic exhumation of the granulite region of south-western Sweden.
Muscovite in phyllonites associated with the 'Sveconorwegian thrust system'cooled below argon retention temperatures at c . 927 Ma. Exhumation associated with this cooling could have been related to extension and onset of brittle-ductile deformation superimposed on Sveconorwegian contraction.     

Interpreting prograde-growth histories of Al2SiO5 triple-point rocks using oxygen-isotope thermometry: an example from the Truchas Mountains, USA

Oxygen‐isotope compositions of kyanite, andalusite, prismatic sillimanite and fibrolite from the Proterozoic terrane in the Truchas Mountains, New Mexico differ from one another, suggesting that these minerals did not grow in equilibrium at the Al₂SiO₅ (AS) polymorph‐invariant point as previously suggested. Instead, oxygen‐isotope temperature estimates indicate that growth of kyanite, andalusite and prismatic sillimanite occurred at c. 575, 615 and 640 °C respectively. Temperature estimates reported in this paper are interpreted as those of growth for the different AS polymorphs, which are not necessarily the same as peak metamorphic temperatures for this terrane. Two distinct temperature estimates of c. 580 °C and c. 700 °C are calculated for most fibrolite samples, with two samples yielding clear evidence of quartz‐fibrolite oxygen‐isotope disequilibrium. These data indicate that locally, and potentially regionally, oxygen‐isotope disequilibrium between quartz and fibrolite may have resulted from rapid fibrolite nucleation. Pressures of mineral growth that were extrapolated from oxygen‐isotope thermometry results and calculated using petrological constraints suggest that kyanite and one generation of fibrolite grew during M1 at 5 kbar, and that andalusite, prismatic sillimanite and a second generation of fibrolite grew during M2 at 3.5 kbar. M1 and M2 therefore represent two distinct metamorphic events that occurred at different crustal levels. The ability of the AS polymorphs to retain δ¹⁸O values of crystallization make these minerals ideal to model prograde‐growth histories of mineral assemblages in metamorphic terranes and to understand more clearly the pressure–temperature histories of multiple metamorphic events.     

纳米SiO2改性甲基三乙氧基有机硅树脂与FEVE氟碳树脂保护性能对比

随着供给侧改革的不断深入,创新驱动和新旧动能转换对新材料研制的需要越来越迫切。古生物化石保护意义重大。根据化石保护的特殊性,笔者所在团队通过大量的试验,研究出了一种新型防护材料——纳米SiO_2改性甲基三乙氧基有机硅树脂。该文从化石保护效果、透气性、防紫外线、抗老化等方面,将纳米SiO_2改性甲基三乙氧基有机硅树脂与FEVE氟碳树脂(氟烯烃-乙烯基醚共聚物)进行了对比,认为纳米SiO_2改性甲基三乙氧基有机硅树脂具有渗透性强,透气性好等特征,FEVE氟碳树脂的耐候性和抗腐蚀性比纳米SiO_2改性甲基三乙氧基有机硅树脂略好。因此,以纳米SiO_2改性甲基三乙氧基有机硅树脂为化石的底层防护材料,FEVE氟碳树脂为化石的表层防护材料,能对恐龙化石起到良好的保护效果。     

磷灰石结构中[SO_4]、[SiO_4]四面体的喇曼谱学特点

磷灰石是重要的生物材料矿物。天然磷石晶体结构中［ＰＯ４］３－能广泛地被［ＳｉＯ４］、［ＳＯ４］类质同象取代,形成含硅硫磷灰石以至硅硫磷灰石［１］。据报道,在合成羟磷灰石中引入部分Ｓ、Ｓｉ离子将提高其抗蚀性能,因此［ＳｉＯ４］与［ＳＯ４］对［ＰＯ４］的四面体替换是磷灰石晶体化学研究的重要内容［２～４］。振动光谱（包括喇曼与红外光谱）是研究晶体结构络阴离子行为的主要手段之一。对磷灰石中磷氧四面体振动谱学特点的研究,无论是理论计算还是实验结果均已十分成熟［５,６］,但对其结构中硫氧、硅氧四面体的喇曼光…     

k2SiO3溶液对黏性土孔隙分形特性的影响分析

敦煌研究所研制的k2SiO3对干旱环境下土遗址防风化加固效果显著。设计了不加k2SiO3材料、加5 % 浓度k2SiO3溶液饱和后自然风干1次和3次人工重塑黏土试样的SEM观测,目的是研究k2SiO3对黏土孔隙结构的影响。基于此,利用分区统计方法和计算机图像处理技术,研究了k2SiO3对黏土孔隙结构的改变。分析表明,经k2SiO3加固后的黏土颗粒间胶结联结加强,结构稳定性提高。最后利用Sandbox法计算了土孔隙的分维数,定量分析了k2SiO3对土孔隙的改变,分析发现加3次溶液土样孔隙分维数最小,加固效果最佳。而且土孔隙分维数不受图象灰度分割阈值和SEM放大系数的影响。     

A mapping of the electron localization function for earth materials

The electron localization function, ELF, generated for a number of geometry-optimized earth materials, provides a graphical representation of the spatial localization of the probability electron density distribution as embodied in domains ascribed to localized bond and lone pair electrons. The lone pair domains, displayed by the silica polymorphs quartz, coesite and cristobalite, are typically banana-shaped and oriented perpendicular to the plane of the SiOSi angle at ~0.60 Å from the O atom on the reflex side of the angle. With decreasing angle, the domains increase in magnitude, indicating an increase in the nucleophilic character of the O atom, rendering it more susceptible to potential electrophilic attack. The Laplacian isosurface maps of the experimental and theoretical electron density distribution for coesite substantiates the increase in the size of the domain with decreasing angle. Bond pair domains are displayed along each of the SiO bond vectors as discrete concave hemispherically-shaped domains at ~0.70 Å from the O atom. For more closed-shell ionic bonded interactions, the bond and lone pair domains are often coalesced, resulting in concave hemispherical toroidal-shaped domains with local maxima centered along the bond vectors. As the shared covalent character of the bonded interactions increases, the bond and lone pair domains are better developed as discrete domains. ELF isosurface maps generated for the earth materials tremolite, diopside, talc and dickite display banana-shaped lone pair domains associated with the bridging O atoms of SiOSi angles and concave hemispherical toroidal bond pair domains associated with the nonbridging ones. The lone pair domains in dickite and talc provide a basis for understanding the bonded interactions between the adjacent neutral layers. Maps were also generated for beryl, cordierite, quartz, low albite, forsterite, wadeite, åkermanite, pectolite, periclase, hurlbutite, thortveitite and vanthoffite. Strategies are reviewed for finding potential H docking sites in the silica polymorphs and related materials. As observed in an earlier study, the ELF is capable of generating bond and lone pair domains that are similar in number and arrangement to those provided by Laplacian and deformation electron density distributions. The formation of the bond and lone pair domains in the silica polymorphs and the progressive decrease in the SiO length as the value of the electron density at the bond critical point increases indicates that the SiO bonded interaction has a substantial component of covalent character.     

西藏蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿中简单氧化物矿物组合及其超高压成因

最近在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿中,发现包括金刚石、柯石英和某些简单氧化物,诸如SiO2、MgO、Fe2O3、Cr2O3、Al2O3以及(Si,Ti)O2等组成的矿物群。这些矿物是非常复杂的由70~80种矿物组成的地幔矿物群的一部分。这充分证实在地幔中存在简单氧化物。高压-高温相平衡实验表明,硅酸盐矿物在下地幔条件才可分解成FeO、MgO和SiO2等简单氧化物(>670km)。因此有理由认为罗布莎简单氧化物可能来自下地幔深部。     

金、硅和硫化物迁移富集层次性模拟实验与构造机制研究

深部金品位变化规律与构造间关系是隐伏矿体定位预测的难点。采用高温高压模拟实验对硫化物、硅和金分别进行迁移、富集层次性研究, 表明矿体与矿体、矿床与矿床垂向间距约是水平间距的１２ ～１５ 倍, 金品位在不同层次间呈贫富交替变化。该认识在激电法基础上进行成矿定位预测已初见成效。此外, 从构造增热、构造变异、构造流体、构造降压和构造耦合５ 个方面对成矿元素迁移、富集层次性的构造机制进行探讨, 指出构造机制与矿质来源存在密切关系, 它有助于动力成岩成矿理论的进一步深化