热红外遥感定量反演地表岩石的SiO2含量

硅酸盐矿物热红外发射率光谱特征与其SiO2含量有很好的对应关系.本文以ASU(Arizona State University)、JHU(Johns Hopkins University)光谱库为数据源,研究了硅酸盐矿物发射率光谱克里斯琴森特征(CF-Christensen Features)与SiO2含量、SCFM(SiO2/(SiO2 FeO MgO CaO))指数的定量关系,并与Copper对火成岩的研究结果进行了对比,二者吻合,可作为热红外发射率光谱线性混合的佐证.建立了表征硅酸盐矿物SiO2含量的SiO2指数(ε12/ε13)与SiO2含量的定量关系,在此基础上,利用ASTER热红外数据对东天山黄山东地区SiO2进行了定量反演,反演结果与地质事实相符.利用反演结果可以对基性超基性岩体进行圈定,对于寻找与基性超基性岩体有关的铜镍矿床有重要的应用价值.     

地下水中微量组份H2SiO3富集的地质地球化学环境

通过对全国325处富含偏硅酸地下水点的化学测试数据、所处的地球化学环境、地质背景的分析,阐述了微量组份H2SiO3的富集特征与含水介质岩性的关系,以及富含H2SiO3地下水的地球化学特征。认为富含H2SiO3地下水的形成与不同含水介质岩性和SiO2平均丰度等地球化学环境密切相关。地下水中H2SiO3富集的最有利地质环境是中酸性侵入岩地层,其次是区域变质岩、喷出岩、碎屑岩。研究表明,地下水中的H2SiO3含量与水化学类型和pH值相关,推断出HCO3-Ca、HC03-CaNa型水和碱性、酸性水都有利于H2Si03的富集。     

SiO2地温计沸腾校正方法在高原地区的适用性分析

热储温度是开展地热资源研究的关键参数之一。地热勘查中常用基于地热流体化学和同位素数据的经验公式来评价没有钻孔或者钻孔未达到实际热储层情况下深部热储的温度。SiO2地温计应用最为广泛,对于发生了绝热沸腾的地热流体,通常采用Fournier等提出的100℃沸腾条件下的校正公式。考虑到海拔会影响沸点,本文从SiO2溶解度方程和温度相关性着手,评价了SiO2地温计沸腾校正方法在高原地区的适用性。结果表明Fournier（1977）及Fournier 和 Potter（1982）提出的100℃条件下SiO2绝热沸腾校正方法得到的误差分别为2.4%和1.1%,可以代表深部热储温度,即SiO2地温计沸腾校正方法在高原地区也是适用的。     

金,铀,硅溶解性状的实验研究

在ＰＨ２Ｏ为１５０ＭＰａ，ｐＨ为１０的Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液中混合花岗岩的金、铀、硅溶解实验表明，温度３５０—４００℃时有利于金的溶解，２００—３００℃时有利于铀溶解，而硅的溶解随温度的增加呈线性增长。在ＰＨ２Ｏ为１５０ＭＰａ，３５０℃状态下，铀、硅的溶解随Ｎａ２ＣＯ３浓度的增加而增加。当用ＨＣｌ调节Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液的ｐＨ值时，金偏向溶于碱性介质，铀偏向溶于酸性介质。在ＰＨ２Ｏ为１５０ＭＰ。，３５０℃不同的碱性溶液中，金与硫化物、氯化物，铀与碳酸盐或碳酸盐－硫化物关系密切，表现金的亲硫性和铀的亲氧性。“焙烧”实验表明，构造、岩浆活动等热事件对金、铀、硅溶解起促进作用。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定含金石英石中7种成分

采用粉末直接压片,波长色散多道荧光光谱法快速测定含金石英石样品中SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、CaO、MgO、Pb、Zn等7种成分。根据含金石英石中SiO2的含量范围,选取了与试样基体相匹配的含金石英生产样作为校准样品,采用化学法准确定值,确定了仪器的最佳分析参数。对于Si和Al轻元素,荧光强度随粒度变化较为显著;制作的校准样品应密封保存,粉末压片后需马上进行测试。方法操作简单,成本低,测定范围宽,灵敏度高,精密度(RSD,n=11)均小于2.5%。与化学法对照,结果符合较好。     

Significance of an amorphous SiO2 phase in a pseudomorph after coesite enclosed in garnet from ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite,Su–Lu Belt,eastern China

Here, we report the first discovery of an amorphous SiO₂ phase (APSI phase) in a pseudomorph after coesite included in garnet from an ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) eclogite from the Su–Lu metamorphic belt, eastern China. Using transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction, we show that the internal structure of the pseudomorph consists of an APSI phase with nano/submicrocrystalline particles of quartz and a polycrystalline K‐bearing fibrous sheet‐silicate phase (KFSS phase). The APSI phase‐bearing aggregates included in the garnet might have formed by reactions involving a supercritical fluid during exhumation by the following processes: (1) the development of radial cracks within the host garnet by the phase transition of coesite to quartz; (2) the decomposition of a part of the pseudomorph following infiltration of supercritical fluid; (3) the precipitation of the KFSS phase from the fluid phase during subsequent exhumation and cooling, which was likely promoted by a change in the metamorphic fluid from supercritical and/or subcritical to aqueous fluid; and (4) the rapid precipitation of the APSI phase under a metastable (non‐equilibrium) state, such as quenching, during a later stage of the exhumation. Whether the APSI phase generally formed during exhumation and survived widely throughout the Su‐Lu terrane is unknown. However, the presence of the APSI phase in a UHP eclogite provides new insight into the geodynamic phenomena occurring at continental collision zones.     

Equation of state and bulk modulus under the effect of high pressure–high temperature

 A simple theoretical method for the determination of equation of state and bulk modulus under the effect of pressure and temperature is investigated. The calculations are performed for MgO and Mg₂SiO₄ at different temperatures and atmospheric pressure. The results obtained are discussed in the light of recent research on minerals under the effect of high temperatures. A good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The method is also discussed to predict the equation of state and bulk modulus at different pressures along the isotherms 300, 1000, 1500 and 2000 K for MgO. The results are found to present a good agreement with the studies based on ab initio calculations at high pressures and high temperatures. Received: 26 May 1998 / Accepted: 22 April 2000     

熔融SiO2中原子自扩散性质的分子动力学模拟

研究地幔熔体中元素的扩散性质有着重要的意义,因其影响着元素的交换和分馏过程。SiO2 作为地幔组成的重要组
分之一,其物理化学行为对于地幔动力学过程有着重要的意义。本文研究了SiO2 熔体中元素的扩散机制和自扩散系数与
压力的关系,采用Morse stretch 势场对含有4500 个原子的熔融SiO2 体系进行了分子动力学模拟,计算了硅氧自扩散系数在
3000 K 温度下随压力的变化。模拟结果显示,在0.0001~40 GPa的压力区间,硅氧元素的自扩散系数均先上升后下降,在
17.5 GPa 时达到最大值,O 原子的扩散速率略高于Si 原子。硅氧元素的扩散方式为缺陷控制运移机制,其中硅原子的五配位
结构的形成是关键,为导致扩散系数随压力增大而上升的主要原因,扩散系数的最大值意味着SiO2 熔体中5 配位硅形成机
制的改变。本文也计算了单位［SiO2］的平均体积和压力的关系,结果与实验很吻合。     

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛土壤的化学风化作用

西南极南设得兰群岛乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛土壤化学分析表明土壤中存在着一定的化学风化作用。相对于母质,土壤中的SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、FeO、MgO,GaO和Na_2O淋失,K_2O、H_2O~+、H_2O~-、TiO_2和P_2O_5富集。土壤中SiO_2/Al_2O_3的平均值为4.71,属弱风化壳类型。硅铝比反映出成土作用时间越长,土壤的风化程度越高,化学风化作用大于南极大陆边缘和内部。Al_2O_3在南极的淋失率大于SiO_2,使较老土壤剖面由下向上硅铝比增大。土壤的化学性质很大程度上取决于母质。南极强烈的冻融扰动作用破坏了土壤分层。土壤中存在着较强的水合作用。     

Resolving the Routine Presence of Kyanite,Andalusite and Sillimanite across a Region using Foliation Intersection/Inflection Axes Preserved in Porphyroblasts,Petrographic Observations and Thermobarometry

Constraints from P-T pseudosections (MnNCKFMASH system), foliation intersection/inflection axes preserved in porphyroblasts (FIAs), mineral assemblages and textural relationships for rocks containing all three Al2SiO5 polymorphs indicate a kyanite→ andalusite→ sillimanite sequential formation at different times rather than stable coexistence at the Al2SiO5 triple point. All three Al2SiO5 polymorphs grew in the Chl, Bt, Ms, Grt, St, Pl and Crd bearing Ordovician Clayhole Schist in Balcooma, northeastern Australia separately along a looped P-T-t-D path that swaps from clockwise to anticlockwise in the tectono-metamorphic history of the region. Kyanite grew during crustal thickening in an Early Silurian Orogenic event followed by decompression/heating, andalusite and fibrolitic sillimanite growth during Early Devonian exhumation.