Interrelations between Si and P biogeochemical cycles—a new approach to the solution of the eutrophication problem

Because the biogeochemical cycles of P and Si in temperate lakes are strongly connected by the dynamics of primary producers, it should be possible to influence the former cycle by causing changes in the latter. It is shown using the mathematical model ‘Rostherne’ that winter levels of ambient Si have a major influence both on spring levels of ambient P and on the summer cyanobacterial maxima. Additions of Si to the lakes could be used for the fine regulation of the biogeochemical balance and may prescribe a recipe for improvement of water quality, as well as a new solution to the problem of eutrophication. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全球冰川径流中硅的研究进展

硅(Si)是硅藻等海洋生物必需的营养元素,在海洋生态系统和碳循环方面扮演着重要角色.在全球变暖背景下,冰川加速消融,融水径流量快速增加,流域硅酸盐风化作用逐渐增强,导致大量Si元素随着融水释放出来并进入下游,很可能影响陆地与海洋生态系统生产力、碳循环并反馈气候变化.当前与冰川消融有关的Si释放及其影响研究已成为国际热点...     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中硅和锶

本文提出的等离子体发射光谱法测定水中的硅和锶,具有检出限低、线性范围宽,样品无需处理,可直接进样测量等优点。检出限：硅(以二氧化硅计)为0．5mg／L;锶为0．001mg／L。方法简便、准确,结果令人满意。     

夏季珠江口及近岸海域悬浮颗粒物生物硅分析

2017年6月在珠江口及近岸海域61个站位采集了悬浮颗粒物生物硅(BSi,biogenic silica)和叶绿素a(Chl a)。利用RAGUENEAU et al(2005)提出的碱提取法测定了悬浮颗粒物生物硅,探讨不同环境条件下BSi浓度以及碱性提取液中岩源硅(LSi,lithogenic silica)的干扰程度。结果显示,Chl a质量浓度范围为0.06~8.64 μg·L^-1,悬浮颗粒物BSi浓度从低于检测限到14.3 μmol·L^-1,LSi浓度范围为0.00~9.56 μmol·L^-1;LSi/(LSi+BSi)比均值为0.38 mol·mol^-1。提取液中测得的Si/Al比均值为2.42 mol·mol^-1,与RAGUENEAU et al(2005)报道值接近。研究区域内的表层BSi反映了硅藻的生物量,与Chl a存在显著线性相关。LSi对BSi测量的干扰程度存在明显的空间差异,总体上近岸BSi和LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比低;外海BSi和LSi低,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;河口内BSi低,LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;上升流区BSi和LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;底层较表层具有更高的LSi和LSi/(LSi+BSi)比。最后,对常用的几种碱提取法在应用时存在的问题作了探讨。     

高温焙烧对石英砂表面的影响

采用电子探针和透射电子显微镜研究了石英砂经900℃高温焙烧前后表面元素和杂质相颗粒簧竺竺。磊果表明：石英砂表面的O／Si比偏离si02的化学比例,高温焙烧后其表面的O／Si比接近为2。石英砂表面存在大量纳米尺寸的杂质相,高温焙烧使杂质相脱落,增大了石英的裸露表面积。     

Thermal equation of state of iron and Fe0.91Si0.09

We have carried out an in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study on iron and an iron-silicon alloy Fe_0.91Si_0.09 at simultaneously high pressure and temperature. Unit-cell volumes, measured up to 8.9 GPa and 773 K on the bcc phases of iron and Fe_0.91Si_0.09, are analyzed using the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and thermal pressure approach of Anderson. Equation of state parameters on iron are found to be in agreement with results of previous studies. For both iron and Fe_0.91Si_0.09, thermal pressures show strong dependence on volume; the (∂K_T/∂T)_V values are considerably larger than those previously reported for other solids. The present results, in combination with our previous results on ɛ-FeSi, suggest a small dependency of the room-temperature bulk modulus upon the silicon content, less than 0.3 GPa for 1 wt.% silicon. We also find that substitution of silicon in iron would not appreciably change the thermoelastic properties of iron-rich Fe−Si alloys. If this behavior persists over large pressure and temperature ranges, the relative density contrast between iron and iron-rich Fe−Si alloys at conditions of the outer core of the Earth could be close to that measured at ambient conditions, i.e., 0.6% for 1 wt.% Si. Received: 13 January 1998 / Revised, accepted: 8 May 1998     

白云鄂博矿床Si同位素特征及其成矿示踪作用

本文试图从Si同位素研究的角度，为判断矿床成矿物质来源和矿床成因提供新的信息。     

北京门头沟地区棋盘岩铁辉长岩的发现及其地质意义

根据北京门头沟地区棋盘岩岩体的主元素分析结果,按Middlemost提出的TAS分类,有4个样品可以归属为橄榄辉长岩(Peridotgabbro)和似长石辉长岩(Foid Gabbro),属于辉长岩类,并且样品具有高铁(w(FeO*)>14%),贫硅(w(SiO2)<45%)的特征,因此属于铁辉长岩类。这是迄今为止燕山造山带存在铁辉长岩类岩石的首次报道。关于铁辉长岩类的成因目前还有争论,棋盘岩岩体在w(SiO2)-w(FeO*)/w(MgO)图解上显示有Fenner趋势,但是具体的成因还有待于进一步研究。铁辉长岩及其成因的研究将对揭示燕山期北京地区的构造环境和动力学背景、深部过程具有重要的启示意义。     

碱性长石Al—Si有序化进程中微结构和^29Si NMR谱的表现

笔者用Ｘ射线粉末衍射技术,对六个天然钾长石中的铝在Ｔ１Ｏ四面体位置的占位率进行了测定,它们的Ｔ１Ｏ值从０．２８变化到０．７９。对它们的透射电子显微镜研究表明,两个Ｔ１Ｏ为０．２８和０．３１的高透长石有对电子束异常过敏的调制结构,无法记录到它们的衍射像,在另外三个样品中,都见到芦席状结构,并夹杂着具一定宽度的片晶组成的格子双晶。片晶宽度随Ｔ１Ｏ的变大而增加。而在产于一个霞石正长岩中的正长石中没有观察     

Structural characterization of high-pressure C–Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>Si<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> by single-crystal diffraction and <Superscript>29</Superscript>Si MAS NMR

Single crystals of C–Na₂Si₂O₅ have been synthesized from the hydrothermal recrystallization of a glass. The title compound is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with Z= 8 and unit-cell parameters a= 4.8521 (4)Å, b=23.9793(16)Å, c=8.1410(6)Å, β=90.15(1)° and V=947.2(2)ų. The structure has been determined by direct methods and belongs to the group of phyllosilicates. It is based on layers of tetrahedra with elliptically six-membered rings in chair conformation. The sequence of directedness within a single ring is UDUDUD. The sheets are parallel to (010) with linking sodium cations in five- and sixfold coordination. Concerning the shape and the conformation of the rings, C–Na₂Si₂O₅ is closely related to β-Na₂Si₂O₅. However, both structures differ in the stacking sequences of the layers. A possible explanation for the frequently observed polysynthetic twinning of phase C is presented. In the ²⁹Si MAS-NMR spectrum of C–Na₂Si₂O₅ four well-resolved lines of equal intensity are observed at ?86.0, ?86.3, ?87.4, and ?88.2?ppm. The narrow range of isotropic chemical shifts reflects the great similarity of the environments of the different Si sites. This lack of pronounced differences in geometry renders a reliable assignment of the resonance lines to the individual sites on the basis of known empiric correlations and geometrical features impossible.