硅酸盐玻璃和熔体中硅和铝的配位与局部结构:K边X射线吸收光谱研究

硅酸盐玻璃和熔体中硅和铝的配位与局部结构：Ｋ边Ｘ射线吸收光谱研究＊李迪恩（中山大学地质系，广州５１０２７５）关键词硅酸盐玻璃和熔体硅和铝的配位Ｘ射线吸光谱高压下硅酸盐矿物和玻璃中的硅可以形成八面体配位［１］，但在通常的低压硅酸盐玻璃中，硅和铝为四面体...     

地下水32Si年龄测试技术——液体闪烁计数法

本文介绍了应用Fe(OH)3共沉淀法从天然水中提取SiO2，然后提取32P的方法。将H3PO4溶液和TritonX-100混合制备计数溶液，用液体闪烁计数器测量32P的放射性。最后用公式计算32Si的放射性浓度和地下水的32Si年龄。     

高岭石和硅／铝-氧化物对腐殖酸的吸附实验研究

矿物结合的腐殖质可改变矿物的表面性质,矿物对腐殖酸的吸附强度与矿物的吸附位性质、密度、荷电性及比表面积有关.若按比表面积计算,矿物对腐殖酸的吸附强度顺序为氢氧化铝>高岭石>石英;按单位质量计算,吸附强度顺序为高岭石>氢氧化铝>石英.研究表明,矿物表面活性受水溶液pH值的调控,且当pH值在4～7时,上述3种矿物对腐殖酸的吸附机理为石英主要表现为氢键作用;氢氧化铝主要表现为配体交换表面配位作用;高岭石表现为多种形式并存,包括氢键、配体交换表面配位和疏水性作用以及金属离子桥键作用.     

海洋沉积物32 Si测年方法研究

天然32Si是宇宙射线成因的,随着降水进入湖泊或海洋,被硅质生物摄取后最终存在于生物硅中。32Si来源单一,生产速率相对恒定,半衰期为150 a,可测年的时间尺度为100~1 000 a,是该时间尺度最合适的测年核素,填补了百年到千年时间尺度测年方法的空白。本文建立了海洋沉积物32Si的测量方法,主要步骤为:（1）样品前处理;（2）生物硅的分离与纯化;（3）生物硅样品中磷的分离与纯化;（4）32P的制样与β计数测量。全程通过硅钼蓝和磷钼蓝分光光度法监测实验过程硅和磷的损失情况,对南沙海域采集的沉积物岩心进行研究,得到南沙海域沉积物岩心32Si的平均活度为16.60 mBq/kg,范围值为8.39~33.34 mBq/kg;32Si在SiO₂中的平均比活度为0.356 Bq/kg,32Si的核素丰度平均值为1.29×10-16（32Si/SiO₂）;根据岩心32Si活度估算得深水区（水深1 335~1 537 m）和浅水区（121~141 m）岩心的沉积速率分别为0.106 cm/a、0.191 cm/a;根据32Si活度计算32Si的平均沉降通量为2.14×10-6 Bq/（cm2·a）,与参考文献的结果较为吻合。     

西北冰洋营养盐示踪参数的垂直分布及其与水团和生地化过程的关系

During the 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition cruise in the summer of 2008, nutrients(NO_3~-, NO_2~-,SiO_3~(2-), and PO_4~(3-)) and dissolved oxygen were measured in the western Arctic Ocean, to derive the vertical distribution of nutrient tracers and its relationship to water structure and biogeochemical processes. The nutrient data show that surface waters had the lowest NO_3~-/PO_4~(3-)water column, suggesting an excess of phosphate. Winter Bering Shelf water(wBSW) had high Si*(16.7 μmol/L;Si*=[Si(OH)_4]–[NO_3~-]) with negative N*(-11.7 μmol/L; N*=[PO_4~(3-)]-16[PO_4~(3-)]+3.5 μmol/L) in the water column,indicating nitrate deficiency. The warm Atlantic layer had positive N*(0.8 μmol/L) and negative Si*(-5.4 μmol/L)compared with Pacific source water. The vertical distribution of nutrients indicates that wBSW can be characterized by N* minimum and Si* maximum. In contrast, minima of Si* and SiO_3~(2-)/PO_4~(3-)below 200 m indicate the distribution of Atlantic warm water.     

珠江口海域营养盐比及与浮游植物的关系

根据2004-2006年珠江口海域的调查资料,对营养盐含量和比值与浮游植物群落结构的关系进行分析.结果显示,调查海域维持丰富的氮、磷、硅,其中氮、硅以东宝河口最高,磷以深圳湾最高;丰富的氮、磷、硅和较高的N:P均可能是形成调查海域多年来浮游植物群落以硅藻类占优势的主要原因;但是在深圳湾、桂山岛、万山列岛及横琴岛附近海域(主要是4月),营养盐含量及其之间的比例发生变化(深圳湾主要是 N:P,后三个岛屿附近海域主要是Si:N),对浮游植物群落结构变化产生影响;并且近年来珠海高速发展的养殖业造成其海域赤潮的频发.     

西藏蛇绿岩的超高压矿物：FeO、Fe、FeSi、Si和SiO2组合及其地球动力学意义

在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的东段，出露罗布莎蛇绿岩块和豆荚状铬铁矿床。从豆荚状铬铁矿石中查明60－70种伴生矿物，其中包含FeO、Fe、FeSi、Si和SiO2组合。根据超高压－高温实验，该组合应形成于地球外核与下地幔之间的D“层，是地球外核的液态铁与镁硅酸盐钙钛矿（MgSiO3)相互化学反应的产物。西藏该超高压矿物组合揭示了蛇绿岩地幔活动可能深达地球外核。罗布莎蛇绿岩的该矿物组合可能是地幔－外地核之间的产物，或者是被对流作用，亦是被起源于D“层的地幔柱活动带到上地幔的。铬铁矿在地幔中结晶，并捕获了该矿物组合。     

Si含量对镍基合金氧化保护膜影响机制的研究

本文对镍基合金中Si在弱氧化环境下表面氧化成膜特性进行了研究。利用XRD、SEM、EDS等检测手段对试样进行了检测分析,结果发现:合金表面氧化膜的形成动力学对镍基合金的Si含量非常敏感。当合金元素Si的含量较高时,由于连续的非晶SiO2膜在表层氧化铬与奥氏体基体之间的富集阻碍了Cr离子的向外扩散,导致在奥氏体区之上形成了较薄的氧化铬膜;共晶组织区域由于不会形成连续的SiO2非晶膜,仍然可以作为Cr离子的快速扩散通道,使得在该组织区域形成大量的脊状氧化物。奥氏体组织之上的氧化膜厚度与基体的Si含量成反比。     

Lattice vibrational modes in synthetic tremolite-Sr-tremolite and tremolite-richterite solid solutions

Powder IR spectra of synthetic richterite-tremolite and Sr-tremolite-tremolite solid solutions were obtained in the spectral range between 1400 and 600?cm^?1. Under the consideration of the crystal structure and the Wykoff positions of the atoms in the primitive unit cell, the number, type and symmetry of vibrational modes were deduced. The space group of tremolite C_2h was used as the factor group leading to 16 theoretical stretching vibrations in the IR range caused by the Si₄O₁₁ ^∞-ribbon. The energy of the internal vibrations of the Si₄O₁₁ ^∞-ribbon is a function of the relative bond strengths and masses of nearby ions. For the amphiboles a one-mode behavior was observed for all the Si-O, Si-O-Si and O-Si-O stretching vibrations, indicating no clustering in the two solid solution series. In both solid solution series the vibrational energy of the stretching vibrations is a linear function of composition. In the system richterite-tremolite a shift of the stretching frequencies of the Si₄O₁₁ ^∞-ribbon over the whole compositional range of up to 30?cm^?1 was observed. In contrast, for Sr-tremolite-tremolite the maximum shift was only 5?cm^?1. These quite small band shifts allow the (Si₄O₁₁)^∞-ribbon to be treated as an isolated entity for factor group analysis. Nevertheless, by the two exchange mechanisms, Ca(M4)???Sr(M4) and □(A) Ca(M4)???Na(A)Na(M4), the FWHHs increased and the amplitudes decreased, indicating a slight distortion of the ribbon. For Sr-tremolite-tremolite only a linear expansion of the lattice was observed. In the series richterite-tremolite individual bond angles of the SiO₄ tetrahedra are additionally changed, causing the higher energy shift of the bands. The strongest and sharpest bands were observed for the end member tremolite. The one-mode behavior of the Si₄O₁₁-double chain indicates that there is no short-range order of Na/Ca and Ca/Sr at the M4 sites of these amphiboles.     

Bioavailability and Interaction of Si and P in a Coastal Saline Soil Amended with Pig Slurry

The effects of widely applied organic waste amendment on soil Si and P bioavailability and their interaction have rarely been investigated. The study examined bioavailability and interaction of Si and P in response to pig slurry (PS) amendment in a coastal saline (CS) soil. The final purposes of the study are to assess fertilizer Si and P needs and to ensure environmental quality. The results show that PS amendment can cause accumulation of bioavailable Si in surface soil (0–20 cm), and significantly improve both soil bioavailable P content and soil P lability through PS‐Si and P input, and by the input of PS‐organic matter (OM) and enhancing the complexation of OM with soil Si and P. As a result of the Si‐P competitive sorption, Si shows a more rapid increase in bioavailability than P at the preliminary stage of PS amendment. However, under the weakly alkaline conditions as a result of relatively long term PS amendment, the fixation capacity of Si by soil solid components increases causing a rapider decline of Si bioavailability than that of P.