武当山地块基性岩墙群地球化学研究及其大地构造意义

武当山地块基性岩墙群的地球化学特征表明,它们为具大陆拉斑玄武央珠大陆板内岸 浆侵入的产物,是古陆块裂并保存在造山带内基底岩块的重要证据,这表明南秦岭和扬子板块曾存在晋宁期固结的统一古陆块,该古陆块在新元古代早期发生了一次重要的裂解作用。     

Remnants of the amalgamation of the east and west Cathaysia blocks revealed by a short-period dense nodal array

The Cathaysia block located at the southeast South China block (SCB) is considered formed by the amalgamation of the east and west Cathaysia blocks along the Gaoyao–Huilai and Zhenghe–Dapu deep faults (here referred as GHF and ZDF, respectively). Although the extension of the ZDF to the northeast, which represents the amalgamation of the two sub-blocks has been confirmed, the development of the GHF to the southwest remains to be verified. To better constrain the detailed deep structure beneath the southwest Cathaysia, which hold great significance for revealing the evolution of the SCB, a linear seismic array with 331 nodal geophones was deployed across the Sanshui basin (SSB). Combining with the regional 10 permanent stations (PA), we obtained two profiles with teleseismic P-wave receiver function stacking. The most obvious feature in our results is the ascending Moho towards the coastal area, which is consistent with the passive margin continental and extensional tectonic setting. The stacking profile from the dense nodal array (DNA) shows that the Moho is offset beneath the transition zone of the Nanling orogeny and SSB. We deduce that this offset may be casued by the deep extension of the GHF, which represents the remnants of the amalgamation of the Cathaysia block. From the other evidences, we infer that the widespread and early erupted felsic magmas in the SSB may have resulted from lithospheric materials that were squeezed out to the surface. The relative higher Bouguer gravity and heat flow support the consolidation of magmas and the residual warm state in the shallow crustal scale beneath the SSB. The sporadic basaltic magmas in the middle SSB may have a close relation to deep extension of the GHF, which serves as a channel for upwelling hot materials.     

沁水盆地原始水动力场类型及其对煤层气排采的影响

水动力场研究在煤层气勘探开发中具有重要作用。本文首先讨论了基于煤层气井排采资料的水动力场研究方法,在分析沁水盆地柿庄区块原始水动力场特点的基础上,结合前人在盆地其他区块水动力场的研究成果,分析了沁水盆地原始水动力场的类型,进而探讨了水动力场类型对煤层气排采的控制作用。研究表明:沁水盆地自边缘向腹部依次存在重力驱动型、滞流型和压实驱动型三种类型的区域原始水动力场;重力驱动型和滞流型水动力场具备煤层气保存条件,含气量高,煤层气排采效果相对较好,而压实驱动型水动力场虽具备一定的保存条件,但因地层压力较高,煤层气井排水降压困难,产气效果较差;无论是在重力驱动型还是滞流型的区域水动力场中,局部的低势汇聚区具备煤层气保存和排采的有利条件,煤层气开发效果一般较好。在未来煤层气勘探开发过程中,应将重力流驱型或滞流型水动力场所在区域中的局部低势汇聚区作为煤层气开发的甜点区。     

Developing an algorithm for reconstruction of blocky systems in discontinuous media: two-dimensional analysis

Block detection is one of the most important steps in all discontinuous methods of analysis like Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) and Discrete Element Method (DEM). This is in fact a pre-processing step for those methods. In this study, a comprehensive computational algorithm, for tracing rock block created by discontinuities, has been developed. Using square matrices with integer elements and performing edge regularization step, reduce the size of the matrices due to elimination of unnecessary edges and vertices. Therefore speed and accuracy of block tracing operation will be increased. This algorithm is able to trace and identify all kind of blocks including convex and concave blocks formed by limited or unlimited fractures. The algorithm was programmed in C#.Net by over 3400 code lines and some cases were modeled by the code as example.     

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造-流体演化对成矿的制约

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造演化、流体演化与成矿之间具有密切关系,处于一个统一系统中。矿床成岩期方解石中包裹体水的δD值为-65.3‰~-99.2‰,改造成矿期石英包裹体水的δD值为-77.7‰~-96.3‰,成岩成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-3.22‰~1.84‰,改造成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-4.26‰~5.14‰,指示萨热克铜矿成岩期、改造期成矿流体主要为中生代大气降水及其经水岩作用而成的盆地卤水。矿石中辉铜矿δ~(34)S值为-24.7‰~-15.4‰,指示硫主要源自硫酸盐细菌与有机质还原,部分源于有机硫。构造与成矿流体演化对砂岩铜矿成矿起关键制约作用。盆地发展早期强烈的抬升运动使盆地周缘基底与古生界剥蚀,为富铜矿源层的形成提供了丰富物源,至晚侏罗世盆地发展晚期,长期演化积聚的巨量含矿流体在库孜贡苏组砾岩胶结物及裂隙中富集,在萨热克巴依盆地内形成具有经济意义的砂岩型铜矿床。     

湘南—桂东北地区寒武—奥陶纪沉积岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学特征及其地质意义

本文利用LA-ICP-MS分析技术,对湘南—桂东北地区寒武纪和奥陶纪沉积岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究。获得有效年龄数据239组,年龄值变化范围较大(3146~474 Ma),主要集中分布于2633~2473 Ma(峰值2500Ma),1880~1521 Ma(峰值1650 Ma),1146~911 Ma(峰值970 Ma),896~720 Ma(峰值800 Ma)和682~474 Ma(峰值520 Ma)5个时间段。4件样品均记录了古太古代—中太古代年龄信息,同时以1146~911 Ma和896~720 Ma两个时间段年龄最集中,反映全球Grenville造山事件和全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件对研究区影响显著。此外,本次还获得大量泛非期(520 Ma左右)锆石年龄,认为全球泛非事件对华夏地块及其邻区影响显著,反映华夏地块与冈瓦纳大陆可能有一定亲缘性。结合前人资料,认为研究区位于华夏地块和扬子地块西南段碰撞拼合带,研究区地层同时接受两地块物质沉积,物源主要来自华夏地块。     

滇东地区马龙区块筇竹寺组海相页岩储层特征及对比研究

利用最新钻探的马页1井的井下资料和大量岩心样品的测试分析数据,并结合野外地质调查资料,从富有机质页岩的有机地化、矿物组分、储集特性和裂缝特征等方面,系统地研究了滇东地区马龙区块下寒武统筇竹寺组黑色页岩的储层特征。研究区筇竹寺组黑色页岩有机碳丰度较高,TOC含量普遍大于2%;由于筇竹寺组地层较老,黑色页岩的有机质均处于高成熟过成熟阶段;黑色页岩的矿物组分主要为碎屑矿物、碳酸盐矿物和黏土矿物。脆性矿物含量较高,脆性指数平均值为0.62。黏土矿物主要以伊利石为主,其次为伊蒙混层和绿泥石,高岭石含量较低;该区筇竹寺组页岩的孔、渗较低,孔隙类型复杂多样,主要包括“墨水瓶”孔、板状孔和狭缝型孔。页岩主要发育纳米级中孔,且比表面积和总孔体积偏小,平均值分别为9.18 m2/g和10.38×10-3cm3/g;储层裂缝以高角度缝为主,上部碳质页岩裂缝发育,下部粉砂质页岩裂缝不发育。有机碳含量和脆性矿物含量促进了页岩裂缝的发育;与国内外典型海相页岩储层对比,滇东地区马龙区块筇竹寺组页岩以粉砂质页岩为主,碳质页岩层较薄,而Fort Worth盆地Barnett页岩、焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩和岑巩区块牛蹄塘组页岩主要为硅质页岩和碳质页岩,筇竹寺组页岩的岩相与这3组海相页岩相比较差;筇竹寺组页岩有机碳含量低于其他3组海相页岩,有机质丰度中等;筇竹寺组页岩脆性矿物含量与龙马溪组页岩相当,稍低于牛蹄塘组页岩,脆性较好;Barnett页岩和龙马溪组页岩无论在储集物性上还是有机质孔隙发育程度上都要优于筇竹寺组页岩和牛蹄塘组页岩,筇竹寺组页岩有机质孔隙主要发育于有机质与黏土的混合物中;筇竹寺组页岩裂缝发育程度低于Barnett页岩、龙马溪组页岩和牛蹄塘组页岩。此外,筇竹寺组页岩含气量低于其他3组海相页岩,但吸附能力较强。     

羌塘地块东南部上三叠统巴贡组软沉积变形特征及其意义

羌塘地块东南部巴青、索县一带,在上三叠统巴贡组内发育大量未固结状态下发生的软沉积变形。其形态特征主要表现为枕状、球状、链状以及卷曲状,在平面较大范围内均有发现,纵向上密集分布,100余米长的扎德改剖面中发育有7层明显的软沉积变形构造。经过详细地变形特征描述与比对,认为这些软沉积变形主要是与地震振动相关的震积岩,部分变形清晰地显示出受伸展背景的控制。震积岩是软沉积物对古构造活动的记录,研究区内巴贡组震积岩的密集发育表明巴贡组沉积期区域构造活动强烈,对比晚三叠世早期地层中震积岩的发育状况,发现构造活动在诺利中晚期更加强烈,与羌塘地块中晚三叠世火山岩的年代呼应。     

青藏高原东北缘大陆岩石圈现今变形和位移

川青地块在地貌上为川西高原,亦是青藏高原东北边缘最重要的构造单元。新的GPS监测资料表明,在欧亚框架内,川青地块及其邻近的龙门山带和华南地块西缘的地壳运动水平速度,具有自西向东由25．66mm／a递变下降到6．99mm／a的总趋势。速度矢量表现出顺时针涡旋转动。川青地块内具有局部应变积累的非均一的区域剪切。横切鲜水河断裂带中段新的GPS量结果揭示,两侧地块间的平均左旋滑动速率约8mm／a;由于局部应变积累,断裂系南西侧的主断裂的移动速率为9．3mm／a,其间为拉分盆地和小的横向伸展断裂。鲜水河断裂系的左旋断裂滑动作用,调节了川青地块与／11滇地块之间的相对运动。     

乌鲁木齐-大黄山地区八道湾组煤层气有利区块优选

煤层气有利区块优选是煤层气勘探开发的重要研究工作之一。乌鲁木齐-大黄山地区煤层气地质条件复杂,煤层含气量、渗透性等储层条件差异明显。将研究区划分为5个区块,选取构造复杂程度、煤层厚度、含气量、煤层倾角、含气面积、渗透率和含气饱和度等7个指标,运用层次分析法和模糊数学相结合的方法进行区块优选,优选出水磨河-四工河区块、甘河子河-大黄山区块为有利区,四工河-甘河子河区块为较有利区、乌鲁木齐河西区块和乌鲁木齐河-水磨河区块为远景区。