江淮地区中尺度地形对一次梅雨锋暴雨的敏感性试验

利用美国俄克拉何马大学(University of Oklahoma)风暴分析预报中心研制的ARPS模式对1999后6月13～14日汀淮地区的特大暴雨进行了地形敏感性试验．分析结果表明：中尺度地形通过对动力场和水汽场的扰动对降水的落区和强度有重要影响．各个地形对降水的影响是不同的，同一个地形在不同时段对降水的影响也是不同的．地形和切变线的相对位置是造成这一影响的关键所在。     

一次异常强渤海海效应暴雪的三维运动研究

2008年12月4～6日发生在渤海中东部及山东半岛地区的暴雪过程是一次异常强渤海海效应暴雪个例,利用中尺度数值模式RAMS4.4,以三维轨迹和物理量诊断分析相结合的方法研究了暴雪的三维运动结构及其演变特征。结果表明：（1）气块的三维轨迹分析揭示出各层冷空气进入渤海前后产生不同的运动路径,低层冷空气气块流经渤海时产生了上...     

Influence of shear speed and normal stress on the shear behavior and shear zone structure of granular materials in naturally drained ring shear tests

“Sliding Surface Liquefaction” is a process causing strength loss and consequent rapid motion and long runout of certain landslides. Using a new ring shear apparatus with a transparent shear-box and digital video camera system, shear-speed-controlled tests were conducted on mixed grains (mixture of three different sizes of sand and gravel) and mixed beads to study shear behavior and shear zone development process under the naturally drained condition in which pore pressure is allowed to dissipate through the opened upper drainage valve during shearing. Higher excess pore water pressure and lower minimum apparent friction were observed in the tests where grain crushing was more extensive under higher normal stress and higher shear speed. Along with the diffusion of silty water generated by grain crushing, smaller particles were transported upward and downward from the shear zone. Concentration of larger grains to the central and upper part of the shear zone was confirmed by means of visual observation together with grain size analysis of sliced samples from several layers after the test. On the other hand, smaller particles were accumulated mostly below the layer where larger grains were accumulated. The reason why larger grains were accumulated into the shear zone may be interpreted as follows: grains under shearing are also subjected to vertical movement, the penetration resistance of larger grains into a layer of moving particles is smaller than that into the static layer. Therefore, larger grains tend to move into the layer of moving grains. At the same time, smaller particles can drop into the pores of underlying larger grains downward due to gravity.     

Structural and textural development in Singhbhum shear zone,eastern India

The rocks within the Singhbhum shear zone in the North Singhbhum fold belt, eastern India, form a tectonic melange comprising granitic mylonite, quartz-mica phyllonite, quartz-tourmaline rock and deformed volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. The granitic rocks show a textural gradation from the least-deformed variety having coarse-to medium-grained granitoid texture through augen-bearing protomylonite and mylonite to ultramylonite. Both type I and type II S-C mylonites are present. The most intensely deformed varieties include ultramylonite. The phyllosilicate-bearing supracrustal rocks are converted to phyllonites. The different minerals exhibit a variety of crystal plastic deformation features. Generation of successive sets of mylonitic foliation, folding of the earlier sets and their truncation by the later ones results from the progressive shearing movement. The shear sense indicators suggest a thrust-type deformation. The microstructural and textural evolution of the rocks took place in an environment of relatively low temperature, dislocation creep accompanied by dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization being the principal deformation mechanisms. Palaeostress estimation suggests a flow stress within the range of 50–190 MPa during mylonitization.     

杭州市典型土层剪切波速与埋深间的关系分析

基于杭州市丰富的场地钻孔剪切波速资料,采用3种常见的剪切波速与埋深回归分析模型,分析杭州地区5类常规土在场地分类和场地未分类情况下的最优拟合公式和预测范围,并对推荐模型进行可靠性验证,对常规粉质粘土和粉砂进行地区差异性分析。研究结果表明:本文推荐的剪切波速与埋深关系公式具有良好的可靠性;地区、岩土类型和预测深度均对剪切波速与埋深关系模型的可靠性产生显著影响,故应用时应优先选用本地区统计模型,如若未有,则需根据已有资料,对选用模型进行岩土类型和适应预测深度范围验证,以保证所选模型的可靠性;受地区、岩土类型和预测深度的影响,考虑场地分类并不一定提高统计模型的预测精度,在实际工程应用中具有不确定性。     

望儿山金矿床控矿剪切带的空间结构特征

望儿山控矿剪切带由韧性构造和脆性构造、石英脉金矿体和蚀变岩金矿体组成，它们在空间上出现有序的变化规律。从研究构造岩、构造形态及组合样式、节理的优选性和构造运动差异性等方面特征；认为望儿山剪切带控制着金矿床的形成、就位和富集规律。     

饱和黄土场地液化的工程初判和详判指标与方法研究

黄土液化的判别是工程界长期存疑的问题.本文基于不同黄土场地的现场标贯试验、波速测试和试样的室内动三轴试验研究以及《兰州市区建筑抗震设计规程》(DB62/T25-3037-2006)使用反馈情况,提出了饱和黄土场地液化的工程初判和详判指标与方法:(1)地层年代、粘粒含量、塑性指数、剪切波速、土层埋深条件等可作为饱和黄土场地液化初判的指标;(2)国家《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011-2010)[2]中基于标贯击数的液化判别公式和液化指数计算公式适用于饱和黄土地基的液化判别和液化程度评价,但黄土液化判别的标贯击数基准值需要修正;(3)对应于设防加速度0.1g、0.15g、0,2g、0.3g、0.4g下饱和黄土液化判别的标贯击数基准值应分别为7、8、9、11、13,显著小于砂土液化判别的相应值.目前该判别方法已被纳入《甘肃省建筑抗震设计规程》(DB62/T25-3055-2011)[3].     

西北太平洋俯冲带大地幔楔及地幔过渡带各向异性证据和特征

地震层析成像研究清晰给出了地球深部俯冲板片的大尺度形态,但与俯冲过程相关的地幔流动特征仍不明确.在俯冲地幔楔系统中,前人观测到了与海沟平行和垂直的快波偏振方向.本文研究了西北太平洋俯冲板片在地幔过渡带中停滞形成的"大地幔楔"中的各向异性特征.对具有长期稳定观测数据的MDJ台站SKS震相和区域深源地震的直达S波震相进行了...     

大山口剪切带大理岩糜棱岩的变形机制分析

大山口韧性剪切带是大别造山带"结晶轴带"内平行造山带延长方向的走滑型剪切带,其内发育的大理岩糜棱岩呈现了各种在绿片岩相变质条件下形成的显微构造,如碎斑构造、S-C组构、核幔构造等。糜棱岩化作用是以方解石颗粒粒度的减小为特征的,这一过程表现了大别造山带古老中地壳应变软化带和局部化带的岩石流变行为和物理状态。根据各种显微标志,并综合宏观特征,得出大山口剪切带总体为以右行剪切为主的走滑型剪切带,并被以正向滑动为主的近水平剪切带所改造。
作者在综合分析宏观及微观地质资料的基础上,初步建立了广水地区主要地质及变形事件序列,并指出:大别造山带三维空间上的变形及结构图象,主要是印支-燕山期陆-陆俯冲、碰撞造山运动的变形及造山期后的揭顶、塌陷等作用的综合结果。