渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷南部深层沙一段优质碎屑岩储层特征及成因机制

利用岩芯、薄片、扫描电镜和分析化验等资料,对南堡凹陷南部深层古近系沙一段（沙河街组一段）优质碎屑岩储层特征进行了分析并揭示其成因机制。研究表明：①南堡凹陷南部沙一段优质碎屑岩储层属于低孔中渗储层,发育原生孔隙、次生孔隙和微裂缝;②沙一段沉积期处于强水动力沉积环境,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体普遍发育,岩性主要为中粗砂岩、含砾砂岩和砂砾岩等粗岩性,岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩,石英、岩浆岩岩屑等刚性组分含量高,储层在强压实作用下仍保留了局部原生残余粒间孔,部分刚性组分强压条件下形成微裂缝;③沙一段与东三段为区域不整合接触,大气水的酸性流体在成岩初期以及烃源岩成熟之后产生的有机酸在成岩后期通过油源断裂和不整合面进入储层,造成长石、易溶碎屑等组分溶蚀形成次生孔隙,溶蚀作用不仅增加孔隙空间,而且扩大喉道宽度。结论认为：粗岩性和高刚性颗粒含量为原生孔隙的保存提供了物质基础;油源断层、不整合面为酸性流体的进入提供路径,促进了次生孔隙发育。     

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层成岩作用研究

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低。砂岩成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用等。压实作用主要有刚性颗粒发生脆性破裂、颗粒之间呈线接触和凹凸接触、岩石碎屑颗粒呈明显的定向排列、塑性颗粒挤压变形或刚性颗粒嵌入变形颗粒中、粘土质碎屑被挤压变形发生假杂基化等五种表现形式。胶结物主要有泥质胶结物、碳酸盐胶结物、自生粘土矿物和自生石英、长石。交代作用主要有石英交代长石颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物交代石英、长石及岩屑颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物之间的相互交代。发生溶解作用的主要是石英、长石和岩屑颗粒,胶结物中主要是碳酸盐矿物。目前研究区沙三中亚段储集层成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。影响成岩作用的主要因素为岩石成分、沉积环境、孔隙流体性质等。成岩作用对储集物性的影响主要表现在孔隙度和渗透率的变化,其中压实作用和胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速减少、渗透率降低,使得储集物性变差;而溶解作用是次生孔隙发育的主要因素,从而改善砂岩的储集性能。     

关中盆地地下热水接受补给时温度及热储层温度的估算

通过对关中盆地地热井中地下热水的同位素和水化学成分分析,结合研究区的地热地质和水文地质条件,进行了地下热水补给时的温度研究,结果表明,关中盆地地下热水接受补给时的温度以西安地区最低,咸阳次之。同时应用Na-K-Mg三角图和水化学平衡温度理论的方法,估算在平衡条件下关中盆地最大热储温度为118℃。热储温度计算结果表明,关中盆地腹部应为中低温热储层。     

Including spatial distribution in a data‐driven rainfall‐runoff model to improve reservoir inflow forecasting in Taiwan

Multi‐step ahead inflow forecasting has a critical role to play in reservoir operation and management in Taiwan during typhoons as statutory legislation requires a minimum of 3‐h warning to be issued before any reservoir releases are made. However, the complex spatial and temporal heterogeneity of typhoon rainfall, coupled with a remote and mountainous physiographic context, makes the development of real‐time rainfall‐runoff models that can accurately predict reservoir inflow several hours ahead of time challenging. Consequently, there is an urgent, operational requirement for models that can enhance reservoir inflow prediction at forecast horizons of more than 3 h. In this paper, we develop a novel semi‐distributed, data‐driven, rainfall‐runoff model for the Shihmen catchment, north Taiwan. A suite of Adaptive Network‐based Fuzzy Inference System solutions is created using various combinations of autoregressive, spatially lumped radar and point‐based rain gauge predictors. Different levels of spatially aggregated radar‐derived rainfall data are used to generate 4, 8 and 12 sub‐catchment input drivers. In general, the semi‐distributed radar rainfall models outperform their less complex counterparts in predictions of reservoir inflow at lead times greater than 3 h. Performance is found to be optimal when spatial aggregation is restricted to four sub‐catchments, with up to 30% improvements in the performance over lumped and point‐based models being evident at 5‐h lead times. The potential benefits of applying semi‐distributed, data‐driven models in reservoir inflow modelling specifically, and hydrological modelling more generally, are thus demonstrated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震信息对薄砂岩储层特性的描述

近年来,以地震信息为主进行油气藏描述,这是当前对石油勘探的重点攻关课题.本文结合我国陆上和海域部分油田或含油气构造的实际资料,运用地震信息为主,结合测井、地质及钻井等资料,对储层进行综合解释。同时,提出了用多地震信息计算薄层厚度的基本公式,根据地区性岩性和地震资料的差异,使用了确定性地质统计和Coringing分析两种方法进行储层物性参数的预测,文中给出大量的实例说明各种储层参数描述方法和应用效果。     

Hesperornis escapes plesiosaur attack

Evidence from the Pierre Shale (Late Cretaceous) of South Dakota is presented for an attack on a juvenile Hesperornis by a polycotylid plesiosaur. The wound healed and the Hesperornis grew to maturity. Evidence of survival provides our best information about predator prey interactions in the fossil record but are rare for birds where survival is an unlikely outcome.     

渤海湾盆地北部奥陶纪岩相古地理

渤海湾盆地北部主要包括黄骅坳陷、沧县隆起、冀中坳陷和下辽河坳陷,区内奥陶系厚 6 0 0～ 80 0m,主要由石灰岩和白云岩组成。下奥陶统分为冶里组和亮甲山组,中奥陶统分为下马家沟组、上马家沟组和峰峰组,上统缺失。其中下马家沟组、上马家沟组和峰峰组又进一步划分为下段和上段。早奥陶世冶里期和亮甲山期,本区以局限海环境为主,其内散布着一些潮坪和滩。中奥陶世,本区岩相古地理面貌变化旋回极为明显,下马家沟期早期潮坪广布,晚期以局限海为主;上马家沟期早期又是潮坪广布,晚期以开阔海为主;峰峰期早期潮坪广布,晚期又以开阔海为主。在奥陶纪,本区经历了 4个大的海侵-海退旋回,其中上马家沟期晚期是本区乃至整个华北地台的最大海侵期。     

An inter‐basin backwater overflow (the Buhai Brook and the Ezer reservoir on the Jijia River,Romania)

During the last few years, the north‐western part of Romania has been affected by catastrophic floods with most of the watercourses reaching their highest recorded discharges. This study reports the generation of a numerical terrain model and the simulation of a backwater phenomenon at elevation steps according to the volume of water accumulated at the confluence of the Buhai Brook with the Jijia River. The hydrological data are complemented by rainfall data and the careful recording of the flood behaviour during the entire period of its development. The main aim of the study is to identify the causes of the backwater phenomenon and to highlight the material damage inflicted on the town of Dorohoi. At the same time, the study uses cartographic model that was developed to establish which areas are at risk of flooding at various levels of probability. The catastrophic flood began on the Buhai Brook, a slow‐flowing stream that drains the areas to the west of the town of Dorohoi and discharged into the upstream sector of the Jijia confluence. The flood caused two types of backwater waves: one behind the bridges and the houses built on the floodplain and a second that followed the course of the main stem (Jijia) upstream from the confluence, flooding the Ezer Lake, which was created specifically to attenuate such floods. The spillway backwater phenomenon was inter‐basin as it did not occur in a single hydrographic basin. The causes of the catastrophic flash flood and of the inter‐basin backwater overflow are natural but also reflect anthropogenic influence. After the lake filled, the discharge into the Jijia was controlled and the flooding downstream was thus greatly diminished. Though fortuitous, the backwater flooding was important in mitigating the impact of the flood wave from the Jijia River. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

古巴前陆盆地三区块油气成藏条件及有利区带预测

古巴前陆盆地三区块是2005年中国石油化工股份有限公司登记的风险勘探开发合同区块,位于墨西哥湾西南部,属古巴西部前陆盆地中租赁区块之一。结合该盆地的勘探现状及盆地内的钻井、物探以及地球化学等相关资料,分析了该盆地的油气成藏条件及其勘探潜力,预测了有利区带。三区块主要发育上侏罗统—下白垩统泥灰岩、泥质灰岩和中—下侏罗统泥页岩两套主要烃源岩,储层以泥晶灰岩、灰岩和砂砾岩为主,区内早期形成的圈闭在造山期基本遭到破坏,有效的圈闭主要形成于古近纪晚期,圈闭类型以背斜、断鼻、断块为主,推测可能发育多套储盖组合。盆地内有两大潜力勘探区域:北部前陆冲断带发育古近系盖层,是下一步勘探的首选区域;南部盆地北缘发育较厚的古近系和新近系,属南部盆地系统,推测是有利远景区。     

基于滑体渗透性与库水变动的滑坡稳定性变化规律研究

在三峡工程试运行期间,库区滑坡因地质结构和渗透性的不同,其变形情况存在明显差异,因此,除研究滑坡地质结构外,还应加强不同渗透性滑坡在库水变动下的稳定性响应规律研究。以三峡水库库首区黄荆树滑坡实例为计算模型,分析库水位在175～145 m间以0.5～2.0 m/d变化时4种不同渗透性滑坡的渗流场特征;再以库水影响系数? 和稳定性变化率为评价指标,研究在滑体渗透性和库水变动条件下的滑坡稳定性变化规律。研究表明,当库水影响系数? 在-0.107～-0.322时,稳定性变化率? 最大,且随? 减小滑坡稳定性增加率? 减小;当? 在-0.644～-769.231时,随? 减小稳定性增加率? 变化不明显;当? 在576.923～769.231时,库水位上升时滑坡稳定性降低较少;当? 在0.107～384.615时,影响系数? 与稳定性变化率? 的相关性不明显。其结果对于库区滑坡的监测预警有较强的应用价值