黄河口凹陷流体包裹体成藏年代和充注期次研究

流体包裹体技术已被证实在含油气盆地的成藏年代和运移期次的研究中是一个有效的手段。关于包裹体在成藏期次方面的研究已有许多,但系统介绍包裹体技术在油气勘探中的应用研究则少见。为推动该方法在油气勘探中的应用,本文从样品制备、分析仪器、流体包裹体镜下特征、均一温度等方面系统介绍了利用流体包裹体确定油气成藏年代与充注期次的方法,以及该方法在黄河口凹陷油气勘查中的应用研究成果:确定了该凹陷普遍发育较低成熟液态烃包裹体、成熟气液态烃包裹体、较高成熟气液态烃包裹体和气烃包裹体3类包裹体,确定了黄河口地区沙河街组油气充注至少有3期:第1期、第2期油气于明化镇组沉积时期开始注入储层(10~5Ma),第3期较高成熟油及伴生气于第四纪开始注入储层(小于3Ma);利用包裹体均一温度还确定了位于黄河口凹陷与渤中凹陷交界的BZ25构造第1期油气来源于渤中凹陷。     

伊拉克哈勒法耶油田Mishrif组滩相储层特征及其成因分析

伊拉克哈勒法耶油田Mishrif组滩相储层发育,是研究区内最主要的产油层位。利用岩心、薄片、测井资料对Mishrif组沉积相进行了研究,结果表明该组发育局限台地、开阔台地、台内洼地和台地边缘4种沉积相,滩相储层主要发育在开阔台地和台地边缘相带。并综合利用铸体薄片、物性实验数据及压汞曲线等资料对滩相储层特征和成因进行了分析。滩相储层岩石类型多样,发育生屑灰岩、生屑泥粒/粒泥灰岩、砂屑灰岩等多种岩石类型,岩石颗粒较粗。孔隙类型多样,主要以铸模孔、粒间孔、溶孔和体腔孔为主,其中以粒间孔和铸模孔发育最为广泛。各类滩相储层孔隙度较高,渗透率差异明显,平均渗透率为(2.35~139.17)×10~(-3)μm~2。整体孔隙结构较好,排驱压力较低,大喉道较为发育。滩相储层发育受沉积环境控制和成岩作用改造程度影响,有利的沉积条件是滩相储层原生孔隙发育的基础,同生期溶蚀作用的改造形成大量次生孔隙,从而提高了储层的储集性能。     

Geochemical evidence of paleogeography and paleoclimate during deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area

The 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation has been made up of a large number of oil shale and mudstone in the Kongnan aera of Huanghua depression around the Bohai Bay. In the Kongnan area, the lake basins were very large and deep during the deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation. During that period,the lakes were sealed, uncommunieated with the sea water and the paleoclimate was very warm and wet in Kongnan area. Analyzing the content of the trace element and the rare earth element, carbon and oxygen isotope in the disquisition, The authors prove the two views correct.     

莺歌海盆地莺歌海组二段泥岩盖层封闭性综合评价

通过实测莺歌海盆地莺歌海组二段泥岩盖层的排替压力,建立了盖层排替压力与声波时差的线性关系,进而提出了利用声波时差及地震速度资料求取排替压力的方法.接着,利用测井声波时差和地震速度资料,按等效深度法确定莺歌海组二段下部泥岩盖层的超压分布.综合考虑盖层累计厚度、排替压力、剩余压力、气藏内部压力、断裂对盖层破坏程度和天然气本...     

含方沸石凝灰质豆粒灰岩的成因及地质意义——以准噶尔东部中二叠统平地泉组为例

在准噶尔盆地东部火烧山地区中二叠统平地泉组的暗色泥岩中,发育4层特殊的含方沸石凝灰质豆粒灰岩。通过岩心观察、显微镜下薄片鉴定、电子探针分析方法,对该凝灰质豆粒灰岩的岩矿特征和成因机理进行了研究,得出豆粒主要有3类。第一类最常见,具有核心和同心层包壳,包壳有3～7层,按核心特点又可划分为6种,第1种豆粒核心含有特殊“环带结构”方沸石,其余5种核心含有近圆形—他形方沸石、黄铁矿、火山玻璃、方解石及凝灰质等。方沸石环带的电子探针分析结果为,内部成分偏酸性,外部偏基性;将其成分与近圆形及他形方沸石进行对比,具有明显低镁、富铁、高锶的特点,认为“环带结构”方沸石应是湖底岩浆热液喷流作用形成,他形方沸石为“热水”与“正常湖水”混合后胶体沉淀形成。因此第一类豆粒是在核心（方沸石、方解石或火山玻璃等）形成后,由于湖底喷流作用发生,湖水动荡,水动能发生变化而形成明暗相间圈层。第二类豆粒,具有单层薄包壳,核心由凝灰质、泥晶方解石和火山玻璃或生物碎屑组成,其形成与火山作用关系更密切。第三类豆粒由近等大的方解石圆球粒构成,形成与生物作用有关。含方沸石凝灰质豆粒灰岩的发现对准噶尔盆地东部中二叠统热水喷流沉积作用研究具有重要的意义。     

西藏羊卓雍地区沙堆组超微化石新资料

1：5万琼果幅、曲德贡幅区域地质调查中,在西藏羊卓雍地区的沙堆组中新采集到Braarudosphaera-Prediscosphaera超微化石组合,为晚白垩世的生物组合面貌,从而证实了康马-隆子分区存在内部地层分区的现象。     

大青山古元古代变质卯独庆金矿床地质特征

九八年以来,在内蒙大青山地区古元古界二道洼群地层中陆续发现了一批以卯独庆金矿为典型代表的层控特征十分明显的新类型金矿.二道洼群是一套大陆裂谷盆形碎屑岩建造,以杂砂岩、碳酸岩、砂质泥岩、粘土岩为主,上部夹中基性火山岩建造;变质从低绿片岩相到低角闪岩相,变形复杂.金矿体产于固定的层位二道洼群红山沟组的云母片岩和大理岩中,受顺层滑脱作用形成糜棱岩化带控制,矿化均匀,厚度大,平均品位可达6×10-6以上,最高达23×10-6.矿石矿物成分主要有银金矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿等.成矿时代早于中元古代.而且该类金矿物化探异常显示良好,Au、Ag、Cu、Pb四种元素为矿体晕元素组合.这些特征都表明其成矿作用具特殊性,与产于内蒙新太古界乌拉山群及色尔腾山群中的金矿类型完全不同.因此,有必要对该类金矿的成矿机制及成矿时代进行重新认识.     

湖北秭归泄滩沙镇溪组底部轮藻化石的发现

晚三叠世轮藻化石在世界各地发现很少,在我国南方亦尚属首次发现.报道了秭归盆地上三叠统沙镇溪组底部的轮藻化石,计有3属4种(包括2个新种):Stellatochara subspaerica Kozur et Reinhardt,S. xietanensis sp.nov.,Cuneatochara sanxiaensis sp.nov.,Vladimiriella decora(Saidakovsky).根据沙镇溪组轮藻化石在国内外地质时期的分布,结合同层中所产孢粉化石的组合特征,详细讨论了含化石层位的地质时代,认为属晚三叠世早期,并对当时的古植被、古地理、古气候做了初步探讨,对化石进行了描述.     

西藏尼玛地区古近纪美苏组的建立

通过1：25万邦多区幅地质调查,在尼玛县西部拉舍—岷千日一带发现一套基性—中性—酸性—酸碱性火山岩岩石组合,其时代属古新世—始新世,新创建美苏组。描述了该组的分布、岩性、岩相、古生物及同位素年代特征,讨论了其形成的构造环境。     

U–Pb dating of silicic lavas,sills and syneruptive resedimented volcaniclastic deposits of the Lower Devonian Crudine Group,Hill End Trough,New South Wales

The Hill End Trough of central‐western New South Wales was an elongate deep marine basin that existed in the Lachlan Fold Belt from the early Late Silurian to late Early Devonian. It is represented by a regionally extensive, unfossiliferous sequence of interbedded turbidites and hemipelagites of substantially silicic volcanic derivation, which passes laterally into contemporaneous shallow‐water sedimentary rocks. The Turondale and Merrions Formations of the Lower Devonian Crudine Group are two prominent volcanogenic formations in the predominantly sedimentary trough sequence. They contain a range of primary and resedimented volcanic facies suitable for U–Pb dating. These include widespread subaqueous silicic lavas and/or lava cryptodomes, and thick sequences of crystal‐rich volcaniclastic sandstone emplaced by a succession of mass‐flows that were generated by interaction between contemporaneous subaerial pyroclastic flows and the sea. Ion microprobe dating of the two volcanogenic formations by means of the commonly used SL 13 zircon standard yields ages ranging between 411.3 ± 5.1 and 404.8 ± 4.8 Ma. Normalising the data against a different zircon standard (QGNG) yields preferred slightly older mean ages that range between 413.4 ± 6.6 and 407.1 ± 6.9 Ma. These ages broadly approximate the Early Devonian age that has been historically associated with the Crudine Group. However, the biostratigraphically inferred late Lochkovian ‐ early Emsian (mid‐Early Devonian) age for the Merrions Formation is inconsistent with the current Australian Phanerozoic Timescale, which assigns an age of 410 Ma to the Silurian‐Devonian boundary, and ages of 404.5 Ma and 395.5 Ma to the base and top of the Pragian, respectively. There is, however, good agreement if the new ages are compared with the most recently published revision of the Devonian time‐scale. This suggests that the Early Devonian stage boundaries of the Australian Phanerozoic Timescale need to be revised downward. The new ages for the Merrions Formation could also provide a time point on this time‐scale for the Pragian to early Emsian, for which no data are presently available.