基于SDOF体系和高层结构的地震动强度指标研究

合理的地震动强度指标是预测和评价结构抗震响应的重要基础。选取24个周期点的单自由度体系和一个高层框架核心筒长周期结构,基于不同震源机制的100条地震动记录时程分析结果,研究16种地震动强度指标与结构地震响应的相关性,并提出考虑高阶振型影响的改进反应谱相关型地震动强度指标。研究表明：（1）不同地震动强度指标与结构地震响应的相关性差别较大,随着单自由度体系自振周期的增大,地震动强度指标与单自由度体系地震响应的相关性大致呈减小的趋势;（2）对于高层长周期结构,综合对比分析各地震动强度指标分别与顶点最大位移、最大基底剪力、最大层间位移的相关性,从工程实用角度出发,推荐地面运动峰值速度为最佳地震动强度指标;（3）由于高层长周期结构受高阶振型影响显著,采用含有高阶振型因素的反应谱强度指标可提高与结构地震响应的相关性。     

联合实、复相关函数的干涉SAR图像配准方法

SAR复图像配准是干涉SAR数据处理中的关键步骤之一,配准精度直接影响后续产品的质量。提出一种基于联合实、复相关函数的星载干涉SAR图像配准方法。首先,在分析已有配准测度函数各自特性的基础上,结合国际上干涉SAR数据处理经验,认为在全球干涉测量任务背景下,相关函数是一种稳健、普适性的干涉SAR图像配准测度函数。然后,针对相关函数存在实、复相关计算,分析实、复相关函数各自的特点以及适应情况,提出配准灵敏度准则,从而能够有效地自适应地选取相应的配准相关度量。最后,给出配准算法的详细实现步骤。复杂地区的实测数据处理结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于小波系数相关性的图像去噪

本文提出了一种基于小波系数相关性的图像去噪方法。针对自适应去噪方法平滑掉实际信号的不足,利用小波分解系数近指数的衰减特性及同一尺度上各信号分量的相关性分析,对每个小波系数设置不同的阈值,区别对待信号的低频和高频系数,最后重构小波。实验结果表明,从视觉和峰值信噪比(PSNR)上,本文使用的方法优越于全局阈值法。     

多元变化检测的相对辐射校正方法研究

基于多元变化检测的相对辐射校正方法通过阈值获取校正点,该方法的校正结果优于传统人工参与的校正方法。文章对方法中阈值选择以及自然景观特征等影响因素做了进一步研究,选择北京市平原区和山区的各2期TM影像作为数据源,运用均方根误差和变异系数2个统计特征参数比较和评价校正结果,结果表明:基于多元变化检测的相对辐射校正方法获得的结果有利于后续数据分析;不同阈值获得的校正结果没有明显差异;不同自然景观特征对该方法影响程度不同。     

Temporal Variations of the Spring Persistent Rains and South China Sea Sub-high and Their Correlations to the Circulation and Precipitation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon

National Meteorological Information Center （NMIC） rainfall data and NCEP/NCAR daily circulation reanalysis data are employed to establish the onset-pentad time index of the spring persistent rains （SPR） and the decay-pentad time index of the South China Sea （SCS） sub-high. These indexes are used to study the relationship between the factors in SPR period and their relations to the circulation and precipitation of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）. Results show that, the summer rainfall over southeastern China decreases when SPR onset is late. For then EASM strengthens and the cyclonic circulation around the Tibetan Plateau （TP） strengthens, which makes abnormal anti-cyclonic circulation （cyclonic convergent circulation weakens） appear over southeastern China. When the decay of SCS sub-high delays, abnormal flood prevails over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLYR） and to the south. That is mainly caused by EASM weakening while SCS sub-high strengthening, then the abnormal southwesterly over South China and the abnormal northerlies of anti-cyclonic circulation around the TP converge over the Yangtze Valley. The two indexes have high correlations with multivariate ENSO index （MEI） in March, indicating that the climate abnormity in East Asia is related to global climate abnormity tightly. The two time indexes are independent of each other, which is favorable for the prediction of the anomalies of the circulation and precipitation of EASM. From this point of view, we must take the global climate background into account when we analyze and predict the East Asian summer circulation and precipitation.     

SVD Iteration Model and Its Use in Prediction of Summer Precipitation

A new short-term climatic prediction model based on the singular value decomposition （SVD） iteration was designed with solid mathematics and strict logical reasoning. Taking predictors into prediction model, using iteration computation, and substituting the last results into the next computation, we can acquire better results with improved precision. Precipitation prediction experiments were separately done for 16 stations in North China and 30 stations in the mid-lower catchment of the Yangtze River during 1991-2000. Their average mean square errors are 0.352 and 0.312, and the results are very stable. Mean square errors of 9 yr are less than 0.5 while only that of 1 yr is more than 0.5. The mean sign correlation coefficients between forecast and observed summer precipitation during 1991-2000 are 0.575 in North China and 0.623 in the mid-lower catchment of the Yangtze River. Librations of them in North China during the 10 years are small. Only in 1996 the sign correlation coefficient is below 0.5; the others are all over 0.5. But sign correlation coefficients in the mid-lower catchment of the Yangtze River vary obviously. The lowest is only 0.3 in 1992, and the highest is 0.9 in 1998, As the distribution of the forecast precipitation anomaly field in the summer 1998 of is examined, it is known that the model captured the positive and negative anomalyies of precipitation, and also well forecasted the anomaly distributions. But the errors are obvious in quantities between the forecast and the observed precipitation anomalies. Climate characteristics of large scale meteorological elements, such as summer precipitation have obvious differences in spatial distribution. We can forecast better if we divide a big region into many subregions according to the discrepancy of climatic characteristics in the region, and predict in each subregion. The research shows that the model of SVD iteration is a very effective forecast model and has a strongly applicable value.     

东半球越赤道气流的年际变化特征及其与我国同期气温、降水的相关性

利用NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料分析了东半球冬、夏两季越赤道气流的年际变化特征,以及与中国160个站点同期气温、降水的相关性.分析表明:越赤道气流的年际变化夏季强于冬季,索马里急流并不显著影响到总量的变化,而冬季最强通道与总量变化关系密切.夏季越赤道气流总量在1950年代后期和1970年代中期有两次剧增,并与冬季一样都在1994～1995年有一次剧减.东半球夏季越赤道气流与中国同期降水的相关性很小,但在1970年代突变前后的相关性明显不同,原因与东亚夏季风的关系密切.冬季越赤道气流与中国同期南北的气温的相关随着越赤道气流与不同地区海平面气压的相关性的不同而不同.     

VARIATION FEATURES OF SOMALI CROSS-EQUATORIAL FLOW AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LOCATION OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH RIDGE FROM JULY TO SEPTEMBER

The variation features of the cross-equatorial flow and its impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high have been analyzed in this paper. It is shown as follows. (1) The intensity of the Somalicross-equatorial flow is increasing in winter and summer in the past 44 years and the airflow of Northem Hemisphere exchanges more and more intensively with that of Southern Hemisphere. (2) The Somalicross-equatorial flow in May has the most impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high in the typhoon season, presenting a positive correlation. (3) The diagnosis is consistent with the real situation in 2005.