原始黄铁矿莓体的发现与研究

用扫描电子显微镜研究晋东南太原组下部黄铁矿矿石和煤岩中的黄铁矿,发现许多原始莓体保留着形成时的特征。这些特征反映出原始莓体大多数为硫磺细菌化石,少数由胶体形成。本文对莓体的成因、特征、形成环境等进行了论述。     

The Mathematic Models of the Kalman Filtering for Across-Fault Measurement

This paper makes a probe into the application of the Kalman filtering method to the data processing of across-fault measurements.On the basis of statistical regression,the mathematic and stochastic models of filtration are established by combining the regression method with Kalman filtering.In the filtering computation,not only the randomness of fault movements but also the time-dependent variation of environmental effects have been taken into consideration.By use of the adaptive filtering method,an estimation of the dynamic noise variance matrix is obtained through iteration.Models for one measuring line(leveling line or baseline),two measuring lines(both leveling lines or both baselines)and four measuring lines(two leveling lines and two baselines)are derived and established systematically.By means of these models,the data of across-fault measurements can be processed dynamically in real-time to provide the filtered values of height difference between benchmarks or baseline length at different time in     

溶胶－凝胶方法制取纳米级超导物质的研究

当前对超导物质的研究都集中于高临界温度的超薄型物质的研究上，本研究通过相对简单的方法获得高纯度的纳米级的钙钛矿型超导物质，其过程为：通过溶胶－凝胶方法合成一种含有Ｌａ和Ｎｉ的高纯度的有机物，然后利用天然蒙脱石的离子交换性将上述化合物渗入到其含水层中以获得超薄型的超导物质     

一降水工程的施工和从中引出的思考

基坑降水是岩土工程中经常遇到的施工问题。本文展示了一个降水工程实例，从中引伸出本工程尚未遇到而在其他项目中可能会出现并应及时解决的一些技术问题，引起同行的关注与重视。     

低荧光防塌沥青及低荧光特效封堵防塌降滤失剂的研制与应用

研发了一种具有优良防塌效果的低荧光钻井液用井壁稳定剂，提高石油沥青磺化度，解决降低产品荧光级别的新工艺，突破因荧光干扰测录井导致油储层被误判、漏判的关键技术，磺化反应后期，引入提高产品综合性能的特种材料进行交联反应。介绍了低荧光防塌沥青LF—TEX-1及低荧光特效封堵防塌降滤失剂FSL-1的关键技术原理和生产工艺流程，并对这两种处理剂的性能测试结果进行了分析。实际生产应用表明，他们具有明显的封堵、降失水功能。     

LiMn_2O_4的溶胶─凝胶─酯化法合成及性能Ⅱ 立方尖晶石的形成及其形貌

以溶胶-凝胶-酯化法在220℃即可得到纯相的LixMn2O4（0.762＜x＜1.139）尖晶石粉体材料。它在880℃时发生立方相向四方相的转变：900℃－1000℃间,四方相渐变为正交相LiMnO2,过程中有Li2MnO3生成。应用SEM、TEM观测了材料的粘度及形貌,其粒度10－40nm,粒子间极易团聚成为1-206μm的团块。以BET法测其比表面为3.6m2／g。     

Facile Conversion of Alcohols to Olefins by Tosylation and Subsequent SiO2- promoted β-elimination

A convenient and effective procedure was developed for the conversion of alcohol to olefin by tosylation and subsequent β-elimination promoted by silica gel in this study. Treatment of the alcohols with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine at 0℃ affords tosylates which undergo β-elimination with silica gel in dichloromethane or chloroform at room temperature, yielding olefinswith high productivity.     

Investigation of groundwater residence times during bank filtration in Berlin: a multi‐tracer approach

Berlin relies on induced bank filtration from a broad‐scale, lake‐type surface water system. Because the surface water contains treated sewage, wastewater residues are present in surface water and groundwater. Multiple environmental tracers, including tritium and helium isotopes (³H, ³He, ⁴He), stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H) and a number of persistent sewage indicators, such as chloride, boron and a selection of pharmaceutical residues (phenazone‐type analgesics and their metabolites, carbamazepine and anthropogenic gadolinium, Gd_excess), were used to estimate travel times from the surface water to individual production and observation wells at two sites. The study revealed a strong vertical age stratification throughout the upper aquifer, with travel times varying from a few months to several decades in greater depth. Whereas the shallow bank filtrate is characterized by the reflection of the time‐variant tracer input concentrations and young ³H/³He ages, the deeper, older bank filtrate displays no tracer seasonality, ³H/³He ages of a few years to decades and strongly deviating concentrations of several pharmaceutical residues, reflecting concentrations of the source surface water over time. The phenazone‐type pharmaceuticals persist in the aquatic environments for decades. Bank filtration in Berlin is only possible at the sandy lakeshores. In greater water depth, impermeable lacustrine sapropels inhibit infiltration. The young bank filtrate originates from the nearest shore, whereas the older bank filtrate infiltrates at more distant shores. This paper illustrates the importance of using multiple tracer methods, capable of resolving a broad range of residence times, to gain a comprehensive understanding of time‐scales and infiltration characteristics in a bank filtration system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A-C复合交联剂的合成及其应用

合成了3种交联剂:柠檬酸铝、柠檬酸铬、A-C复合交联剂,利用傅立叶红外光谱、紫外光谱对它们进行了表征,并将其用于清水和处理后油田采出污水配制HPAM型聚合物弱凝胶的对比实验。实验表明:A-C复合交联剂用于油田采出污水配制的聚合物弱凝胶的成胶效果最优;当pH值为6、成胶温度为60℃、成胶时间为1 d时所配制的弱凝胶黏度最大,其黏度值达到1 129 mPa.s。随后考察了A-C复合交联剂浓度、成胶温度、矿化度、pH值、S2-及Fe2+等因素对A-C复合交联剂弱凝胶体系黏度的影响效果,结果表明:A-C复合交联剂基本上可用于油田处理后污水配制弱凝胶体系,有望实现油田处理后污水的资源化利用。