硝态氮在河床垂向渗滤系统中环境行为的模拟实验

采用自行设计的室内土柱实验装置模拟硝态氮在河床中的垂向渗滤过程,以阶梯状加大浓度的硝酸钾溶液为淋滤液,研究了硝态氮在河床垂向渗滤系统中的环境行为,借以了解河床渗滤系统对硝态氮污染的净化机理。实验表明,硝态氮在河床渗滤过程中分别参与了异化还原作用及反硝化作用。在以上两种作用的影响下,河床渗滤系统对硝态氮的去除率高达100%。但是,异化还原作用却导致了地下水中氨氮浓度的上升,这是值得注意的不利因素。     

钝顶节旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)2-DE分析蛋白制备方法改进及试用于螺旋手性差异蛋白研究

采用冻融破壁和蛋白质分步提取等技术,对钝顶节旋藻2-DE分析蛋白制备方法作了改进,并试用于螺旋手性差异表达蛋白研究,结果表明:(1)钝顶节旋藻细胞反复冻融5次完全破碎,用Tris-HC1提取液提取3次可提得近87％的水溶性蛋白,再用SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠)提取液可从沉淀中提得水不溶性蛋白;(2)将上述水溶性和水不溶性蛋白分别用TCA/丙酮法纯化后作双向电泳(2-DE)分析,可辨蛋白点分别达500和760多个,而两者间的匹配率仅7％,说明分离度好且质量高;(3)利用此法获得了13个与钝顶节旋藻螺旋手性相关的候选蛋白,其中5个为首次发现,候选蛋白功能涉及光合作用、能量代谢、物质外排和环境适应等;(4)本文所建的“冻融破壁分步提纯法”与现有节旋藻2-DE蛋白制备方法相比,具有操作简便、仪器设备简单、成本低廉及信息量更丰富等优点.     

四川黑水垭口山隧道工程勘察漏失孔钻进技术及泥浆工艺

采用植物胶系列泥浆材料加有机高分子处理,配制出具有延时膨胀功效的泥浆,解决了钻孔全部漏失的难题,对于类似地层钻探施工有借鉴意义。     

Water filtration through reflective microtidal beaches and shallow sublittoral sands and its implications for an inshore ecosystem in Western Australia

Volumes of seawater filtered through the intertidal zone were measured on three modally reflective microtidal beaches in Western Australia. The filtered volumes were large, 19 m³ m^?1 day^?1 and 73 m³ m^?1 day^?1 on two ‘clean’ beaches but only 0·4 m³ m^?1 per tidal cycle on a beach covered in kelp and seagrass wrack. The mean residence times of this water in the interstitial system and its percolation paths were both short, 1–7 h and 2–5 m respectively. Water input was greater across a beach cusp horn than across a cusp embayment. Most input occurred in the upper swash zone where the water table was less than 20 cm deep. Tidal variations in input volumes were evident even with tide ranges of only 20 cm. The inshore zone off these beaches filters on average 0·07 m³ m^?2 day^?1 at an average depth of 5·5 m under 0·4 m waves of 6·5 s duration. The importance of these procedures in the mineralization of organic materials and the regeneration of nutrients for an inshore ‘lagoon ecosystem’ is estimated and discused.     

Micro-properties of coal aggregates: Implications on hyperbaric filtration performance for coal dewatering

The recovery of ultrafine coal can be enhanced significantly by flocculating the particles prior to dewatering. It is thus crucial to be able to quantify the effects of aggregated particles on the separation efficiency, of which they are still not fully understood. This study focused on the relationship between the micro-properties (size, structure, and strength) of flocculated coal particles and the characteristics of filter cakes obtained through hyperbaric filtration. Tools such as small angle light scattering and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to determine the aggregate structure. The comparative bond strength of aggregates generated under different flocculation conditions was measured through a non-dimensional approach. The effects of these properties on specific cake resistance, saturation, and moisture content, as indicative of the filtration performance, were observed. It was found that flocs generated using a moderate amount of flocculant dosage (60–100 g of polymer/tonne of coal) for this ultrafine coal (97% < 35 μm) optimised the properties of dewatered filter cakes. Although cakes composed of larger and stronger aggregates with more flocculant were found to have higher porosity, the effects on specific cake resistance and cake saturation were detrimental, possibly due to the increasing proportion of intra-aggregate pores that were harder to dewater. The trend was less noticeable at low filtration pressures where most of the dewatering occurred within the larger capillaries of the inter-aggregate zones. In addition, the presence of polymer molecules was responsible in absorbing residual moisture that could not be removed through mechanical means. Through a series of tests using pre-formed filter cakes, the amount of moisture retained by the flocculant was quantified to be approximately 10.2 mg of water for every addition of 1 g of polymer/tonne of coal, calculated per 100 g of filter cake produced from hyperbaric filtration in this case.     

多光谱遥感异常提取技术方法体系研究

详细介绍了多光谱遥感异常提取方法体系——“去干扰（或称掩模）-主成分分析-异常筛选”（De-interfered Anomalous Principal Component Anomaly Filtration，以下简称DPF技术）的内容及工作方法，指出了技术体系应用时需要注意的问题。该 技术体系包括数据预处理、干扰去除、异常提取、异常后处理、异常筛选与推荐等5部分。在天山—北山、昆仑及冈底斯成矿带的 应用证明，该方法体系成效显著。     

矿物聚合材料基体相的形成过程研究

基体相在矿物聚合材料结构中起与其他矿物表面键合的作用 ,是材料强度的来源。本实验以富钾岩石提钾后的硅铝质溶胶相加NaOH固体 ,在 6 0℃下制备矿物聚合材料基体相 ,并采用XRD、SEM、IR、NMR等分析手段研究了不同固化时间基体相的结构。研究结果表明 ,在基体相的形成过程中 ,没有新的结晶相产生 ,说明基体相为一种半晶质到非晶质物相 ;随着固化时间的变化 ,其自身 [SiO4]4-四面体发生解聚又重新聚合 ,聚合后基体相形成了致密完整的块体     

油田污水中Fe2+,S2-,DO及pH值对无机交联体系HPAM-Cr3+CDG成胶性能影响的研究

在对河南油田下二门矿区油田污水进行全面分析的基础上，研究了污水中Fe^2 ，S^2-，溶解氧（DO）及污水的pH值对无机交联体系聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）－Cr^3 胶成分散凝胶（CDG）成胶性能的影响。研究结果表明，对于HPAM－Cr^3 体系，污水中Fe^2 ，DO对其成胶性能没有影响；S^2-和污水的pH值对其成胶性能有影响。pH值增大，凝胶强度增强；S^2-浓度增加，则凝胶强度减弱。