煤层气井清洁压裂液破胶剂的筛选

为解决清洁压裂液在煤层气井中的破胶问题,通过考察破胶剂的种类、温度、用量及pH值对破胶时间的影响,筛选了4种适合于不同压裂深度的煤层气井的新型温敏化学破胶剂——PJJ-25、PJJ-30、PJJ-35和PJJ-40。结果表明:这4种破胶剂用量为0.02%~0.03%;破胶时间在0.5~5 h之间可控制;破胶后体系粘度小于3 mPa.s;表面张力低于30 mN/m;残渣低于0.1%。实践证明,这4种破胶剂均有良好的破胶效果,破胶液与地层的配伍性良好,且对煤层伤害较轻。      

超强吸水性蒙脱石/聚丙烯酸钠复合材料的研究

以蒙脱石和丙烯酸为原料,采用溶液聚合法合成了超强吸水性蒙脱石／聚丙烯酸钠复合材料,优化了该复合材料吸自来水性能的配方,即蒙脱石添加量为30％,单体的中和度为70％．交联剂用量为0．10％,引发剂用量为0．15％,在此配方下制备的复合材料吸蒸馏水倍率为420g／g,吸自来水倍率为220g／g,吸生理盐水倍率为55g／g,凝胶强度215g／cm^2。同时,该复合材料具有聚合反应便于控制且不粘容器、吸水倍率高、抗盐性能好、凝胶强度大、成本大幅度降低的优点,可广泛应用于农林园艺、生态环境治理等领域作保水剂。     

聚合物凝胶堵漏剂配方及其在高原铁路超深水平孔中的应用进展

高原铁路横穿藏东南缘,区域岩性复杂多变、岩体强度以及完整程度差异极大,致使线路勘察异常艰难。在开展的超深水平定向孔钻探勘察中,孔内漏失、掉块严重,严重影响钻探进度。分析认为,漏失通道大,水泥浆、PAM+SZ803高分子堵漏剂等传统堵漏材料径向渗透力弱、凝结性差和提下钻时的抽汲作用等多因素,共同导致掉块卡钻、坍塌埋钻、漏失、钻孔弯曲等井下复杂现象发生。为解决水平孔超深部裂缝性漏失问题,利用聚合物凝胶自由交联作用机理,合成一种新型聚合物凝胶堵漏剂。通过实验测试配方中交联剂、延缓剂（GH-8）、羧甲基纤维素的含量以及温度对成胶黏度、成胶时间影响,当聚乙烯醇3%、硼砂2%,羧甲基纤维素0.3%、GH-8 0.6%,交联温度30~45 ℃,成胶时间74~91 min,成胶黏度247400~254400 mPa·s,符合生产需求。承压封堵模拟实验研究表明,加入3%木屑后承压能力还可提高47%,漏失量减少30%以上。生产试验表明,本凝胶堵漏剂配方可有效解决裂隙性漏失问题,护壁效果明显,具有很好的推广应用前景。     

太和地区膨润土的成分特征及开发应用

湖北太和地区膨润土中蒙脱石成分的测试和加工特性试验研究,认为该区蒙脱石属八面体内富镁低铁的切托型,这种膨润土适合于制活性白土、制备干燥剂的开发利用,也适合于制备无机凝胶和以极性小分子或无机阳离子作为改性试剂。     

Combined Effect of Climatic Variations and Groundwater Movement on Observed Heat Flow

In most practical situations, the upper part of a geological section consists of loose sediments, in which heat transfer cannot be described as a purely conductive process. To investigate such situations a one-dimensional numerical model of terrestrial temperature field formation under the combined influence of vertical groundwater filtration and ground surface temperature changes has been developed. The model allows one to consider the perturbation of heat flow interval values resulting from short- and long-period temperature waves propagating into permeable rocks under conditions of advective heat transfer, caused by vertical groundwater filtration. The results show that temperature profiles and interval heat flow values are sensitive to both the paleoclimatic history and the rate of groundwater filtration. The latter plays the prevailing role in the variations of geothermal field parameters, especially within the uppermost part of the loose sediments in unconfined aquifers. The problem was solved for a permeable layer, underlaid by an impermeable layer. This schematisation of water exchange is the typically accepted for hydrogeological analysis. Even at very low rates of filtration the intensity of this effect is enhanced substantially for long-period variations. In the extreme case (for periods of temperature variations of the order of 100,000 years) at typical rates of filtration within the permeable layer, an almost gradient-free zone can be formed down to depths of a few hundred metres. For the case of upward filtration, on the contrary, the influence of climatic variations on the terrestrial temperature field becomes substantially attenuated.     

低温选择大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)的肝脏蛋白质组双向电泳分析

采用双向电泳技术,对低温选择组与对照组大黄鱼进行肝脏蛋白质组双向电泳分析。结果表明,低温选择组肝脏蛋白点1673±47个,对照组1651±43个,共有19个蛋白点经低温选择后,表达量显著变化。从中挑选3个差异蛋白点进行肽指纹图谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)或串联质谱(LC-MS-MS)分析,然后MS-BLAST数据库搜寻。低温选择组大黄鱼肝脏MHC和CFL2蛋白表达显著上调,而2-CysPrxs蛋白表达显著下调。说明低温选育组大黄鱼机体抗细胞凋亡能力明显增强,预示低温选择后留下的大黄鱼在低温环境中生存能力更强。     

海藻多糖复合胶成膜性研究

以海藻多糖与植物膳食纤维为主要材料,形成一种海藻多糖复合胶(APPC),采用传统硬壳空心胶囊生产的浸沾成型方法,对该复合胶的成膜性能进行了研究。结果表明,当APPC中海藻多糖和植物纤维素的配比度为8:92,成膜胶液的成膜温度在44—48℃,并在该温度下平衡反应0.5—1.5h时,成膜效果较好;形成的APPC膜硬壳空心胶囊的崩解时间为8min;体外药物溶出试验表明APPC膜布洛芬胶囊剂的溶出速率较动物明胶膜相对缓慢,但在30min时的药物溶出度为98.29%,符合国家标准。