盐胁迫下红树植物蛋白质的比较分析

采集白骨壤的种子分别置于盐度为0的自来水和盐度为50的海水中沙培 ,从叶片中抽提总蛋白质 ,同时进行双向电泳。比较发现3个蛋白质点SR1、SR2、SR3只在盐度为50的海水培养下稳定地出现 ,另1个蛋白质点SR4只在无盐条件下出现。初步认为这4种蛋白质与白骨壤的耐盐性相关。     

不同虾种间肌肉组织蛋白质的比较

采用薄层等电聚焦凝胶电泳方法对罗氏沼虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergii)、绿须虾（Aristeus virilis)、长毛对虾（Penaeus penicillatus)、日本对（P.japonicus)、斑节对虾（P.monodon)和周氏新对虾（Metapenaeus joyneri）的肌肉组织蛋白质进行分离，检测各蛋白质组份及其等电点。根据蛋白质区带的共享度计算共相互间的遗传距离指数，然后用聚类方法处理数据，构建系统树，分析其间的差异程度，最后确定6种虾的亲缘关系。结果表明，每种虾可获得6－11条 蛋白质区带，等电点范围在4－6．95之间。虾类肌肉组织蛋白质组份及其电泳行为，可为虾类在分类学上的定位提供生化依据。     

土壤中持久性有机污染物分析的前处理方法

对土壤样品的前处理技术进行了研究。采用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)提取土壤中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物,并且与索氏提取结果进行了对比,结果表明,ASE完全能取代传统的索氏提取方法。对固相萃取(SPE)柱净化的不同填料进行了实验筛选。比较了浓硫酸磺化法和SPE柱净化法对土壤中有机氯农药及多氯联苯的净化效果。优化了有机氯农药、多氯联苯凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)的净化条件。当样品基质比较复杂时,采用凝胶渗透色谱结合固相萃取柱的前处理方法,能得到很好的净化效果。土壤样品中持久性有机污染物采用加速溶剂提取结合固相萃取前处理过程的回收率为68%~106%,精密度小于7.7%。     

Seasonal and spatial distribution of redox zones during lake bank filtration in Berlin,Germany

Redox processes during bank filtration were evaluated in Berlin, where bank filtered water is abstracted for drinking water production. The investigations included the mapping of the infiltration zone, a column study and hydrochemical analyses of the groundwater sampled between lake and production well. The organic carbon content increased and the permeability of the lake sediments decreased with distance from the shoreline. The most important changes with regard to the redox state of the infiltrate occurred within the first metre of flow. Infiltration was mostly anoxic, as oxygen was rapidly consumed within the organic rich sediments. The infiltration zone revealed a vertical redox stratification with hydrochemical conditions becoming more reducing with depth rather than with distance from the lake. The redox zones were found to be very narrow below the lake and wider towards the production wells, suggesting that other than differing flow paths, reaeration after infiltration may also occur and possible mechanisms are presented. Redox conditions were influenced by strong annual temperature variations of the surface water affecting the microbial activity. Aerobic infiltration only took place close to the shore in winter.     

PLC聚合物交联凝胶在黄土层堵漏中的可行性试验研究

针对陕北延长油田黄土层漏失具有井底温度低、漏失严重、常规堵漏材料与方法堵漏效果差的特点,研究出了一种低温下快速实现交联的PLC聚合物交联凝胶。采用浓度6.5%的聚合物胶液与浓度2%的有机复合交联稳定剂,按聚合物胶液与有机复合交联稳定剂10∶1.3的交联比,在17.6～40 ℃条件下进行快速成胶试验。试验得出,PLC聚合物交联凝胶成胶时间短,抗污染能力强,与桥堵材料有很好的配伍性,二者配合使用对于封堵黄土层恶性漏失具有很好的应用前景。     

Removal of Pathogens by River Bank Filtration at Haridwar,India

Measurements of river water quality at Haridwar, India, taken during 2005–2006 show that the river water does not meet the World Health Organization and Bureau of Indian Standards criteria of drinking water quality, especially with respect to total coliform and fecal coliform. This study investigates the removal of pathogens at a river bank filtration site in Haridwar. Using the quality of river water and the quality of abstracted water from a nearby production well, semi‐empirical models based on the concept of filtration coefficient are developed and tested for their effectiveness in removing pathogens under varying bacteriological quality of source water. A two‐tier model, which includes the effect of clogged layer, is developed to obtain an equivalent filtration coefficient. This coefficient is found to be linearly related with natural logarithm of the concentration of pathogens in the source water. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanical trapping of fine particles in a medium of mono‐sized randomly packed spheres

Mechanical trapping (or straining) of fine particles is a key mechanism in many filtration systems. For example, the performance of rapid sand filters depends in part on mechanical trapping of larger fine particles, while relying on adsorptive processes to trap very small fine particles and microbes. The ability to trap these particles is directly related to the construction of the packed bed used for filtration in this system. Thus, the ability to model the effect of the inner structure of the packed bed can lead to more efficient design for improved filtration. Because of its significant efficiency, gravitational sphere packing is employed in this work to simulate a bed of mono‐sized randomly packed spheres. The simulated bed provides a way to visualize the pore network and estimate the pore size distribution associated with the void space between particles. Furthermore, by subsequently introducing fine particles into the bed, we evaluate the mass‐rate of fine particles passing through and possibly saturating the packed bed. Results show that fine particles between 15% and 25% of the coarse particle size can be physically strained within the randomly packed bed. These results differ significantly from the results obtained assuming a periodically spaced bed. The technique therefore provides an efficient yet accurate alternative for understanding how fine particles pass through a coarse particulate medium. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Facile Conversion of Alcohols to Olefins by Tosylation and Subsequent SiO2-promoted β-elimination

A convenient and effective procedure was developed for the conversion of alcohol to olefin by tosylation and subsequent β-elimination promoted by silica gel in this study. Treatment of the alcohols with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine at 0℃ affords tosylates which undergo β-elimination with silica gel in dichloromethane or chloroform at room temperature, yielding olefinswith high productivity.     

响应面法优化双髻鲨（Sphyrna zygaena）肌肉盐溶蛋白的提取和凝胶形成条件

采用响应面分析法,以双髻鲨肉盐溶蛋白凝胶保水性为依据,对盐溶蛋白的提取和凝胶形成条件NaCl浓度、pH和低温加热时间进行优化。结果表明：（1）根据中心组合试验设计,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,建立了双髻鲨肉盐溶蛋白凝胶保水性与其提取条件的数学模型：保水性（%）=65.440＋10.868X1＋1.835X2-0.5...     

Effects of alginate gel on rheological properties of hair-tail (Trichiurus lepturus) surimi

Effects of alginate gel at different concentrations on rheological properties of hair-tail (Trichiurus lepturus) surimi were investigated. Alginate gel (1% - 3%) exhibited enhanced effects, especially when alginate gel concentration increased. The rheological properties of mixture samples were studied by the time sweep, frequency sweep and temperature sweep. The critical strain values of the mixture samples for the onset of non-linear viscoelasticity were about 5%. The storage modulus G’ of the mixture samples increased with time for 4 h. The frequency sweep showed that G’ was greater than G" for all the mixture gels with different alginate gel concentrations, and values of both n’ and n" for all samples were low (<0.2), these constants corresponding to G’ and G", and indicating the elasticity of mixture gels. The values of storage modulus G’ decreased during heating process and increased with decreasing temperature.