彩色扫描地图自动分色系统中彩色识别问题的探讨

主要讲述了彩色地图扫描自动分色的必要性 ,分析了扫描图数据产生颜色误差的原因 ,讨论了在分色过程中色彩空间转换的问题 ,最后得到了分色结果并对结果进行了探讨。     

Separation of small nonferrous particles using a two successive steps eddy-current separator with permanent magnets

The paper presents a method for separating the small metallic nonferrous particles from two component metallic nonferrous mixtures using a new type of dynamic eddy-current separator with permanent magnets. The so-called two successive steps eddy-current separator (TSECS) consists of a horizontal rotary drum covered with permanent magnets, alternately N–S and S–N oriented. The separation process takes place in two stages, first the strongly conducting particles are separated on the upper part of the drum, and then the remaining undecided and poorly conducting particles are separated at the lower part of the magnetic drum. The experimental results and comments regarding the values obtained for separation efficiency, grade and recovery for wastes consisting in Cu–Pb and Cu–Al mixtures are given. The obtained results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

The Kuroshio Current System as a jet and twin “relative” recirculation gyres embedded in the Sverdrup circulation

By analyzing the results of a realistic ocean general circulation model (OGCM) and conducting a series of idealized OGCM experiments, the dynamics of the Kuroshio Current System is examined. In the realistic configuration, the Kuroshio Current System is successfully simulated when the horizontal resolution of OGCMs is increased from 1/2° to 1/10°. The difference between the two experiments shows a jet, the model’s Kuroshio Extension, and a pair of cyclonic and anticyclonic, “relative,” recirculation gyres (RRGs) on the northern and southern flanks of the jet. We call them recirculation gyres because they share some features with ordinary recirculation gyres in previous studies, and we add the adjective “relative” to emphasize that they may not be apparent in the total field. Similar zonal jet and RRGs are obtained also in the idealized model with a rectangular basin and a flat bottom with a horizontal resolution of 1/6°. The northern RRG is generated by the injection of high potential vorticity (PV) created in the viscous sublayer of the western boundary current, indicating the importance of a no-slip boundary condition. Since there is no streamline with such high PV in the Sverdrup interior, the eastward current in the northern RRG region has to lose its PV anomaly by viscosity before connecting to the interior. In the setup stage this injection of high PV is carried out by many eddies generated from the instability of the western boundary current. This high PV generates the northern RRG, which induces the separation of the western boundary current and the formation of the zonal jet. In the equilibrium state, the anomalous high PV values created in the viscous sublayer are carried eastward in the northern flank of the zonal jet. The southern RRG is due to the classical Rhines–Young mechanism, where low PV values are advected northward within the western boundary inertial sublayer, and closed, PV-conserving streamlines form to the south of the Kuroshio Extension, allowing slow homogenization of the low PV anomalies. The westward-flowing southern branch of this southern RRG stabilizes the inertial western boundary current and prevents its separation in the northern half of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre, where the western boundary current is unstable without the stabilizing effect of the southern RRG. Therefore, in the equilibrium state, the southern RRG should be located just to the north of the center of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre, which is defined as the latitude of the Sverdrup streamfunction maximum. The zonal jet (the Kuroshio Extension) and the northern RRG gyre are formed to the north of the southern RRG. This is our central result. This hypothesis is confirmed by a series of sensitivity experiments where the location of the center of the Sverdrup subtropical gyre is changed without changing the boundaries of the subtropical gyre. The locations of the zonal jets in the observed Kuroshio Current System and Gulf Stream are consistent as well. Sensitivities of the model Kuroshio Current System are also discussed with regard to the horizontal viscosity, strength of the wind stress, and coastline.     

Water-Tank Studies of Separating Flow Over Rough Hills

The present work investigates the lower boundary condition for flows over a steep, rough hill. Simple asymptotic arguments together with the mixing-length hypothesis are used to derive a local analytical solution that is tested against three different flow conditions. In all, 36 velocity profiles are compared with the proposed expression. The experiments were carried out in a water channel and velocity measurements were made through laser Doppler anemometry. The extent of separated flow was made to vary as a function of the roughness and the Reynolds number. The analysis includes regions of attached as well as separated flow. In particular, the solution of Stratford is studied at the points of separation and re-attachment and found to apply equally well in rough walls.     

新疆吉木萨尔大龙口背斜核部露头构造样式研究

通过对新疆吉木萨尔大龙口背斜核部露头剖面的野外观察、实地测量和特征描述,分析研究了其构造发育特征和演化模式。认为大龙口背斜核部露头的构造属于"褶皱相关断层"范畴,岩层能干性对构造变形具有重要影响,最为典型的是发育了"褶翼楔入组"、"类冲起"和"分离反向褶曲"3种特殊的构造样式。     

A model for gas pressure in layered landfills with horizontal gas collection systems

The recovery and emission of landfill gas (LFG) is an important topic in landfill management. To produce an effective engineering design for an LFG collection system, designers must understand the migration of gas from the waste body to horizontal extraction wells. This paper develops a two-dimensional analytical solution to enable the study of the gas pressure distribution, well pressure and recovery efficiency in layered landfills with horizontal wells. A horizontal layered structure is used to accommodate the non-homogeneity of various municipal solid waste (MSW) aspects with respect to depth, including gas generation, permeability and temperature. The governing equations, subject to boundary and continuity conditions, are solved by using separation of variables and double finite integral transforms. The solution was verified against another analytical solution and a numerical simulation. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis of single-well model parameters is performed to optimize a double-well system. The results show that a landfill with horizontal collection systems cannot be assumed to be one dimensional with increasing well spacing. Additionally, both the operational vacuum and maximum gas pressure can be reduced through the design of a double- or multiple-well system. Therefore, the proposed solution can be used for the verification of more complex models and the preliminary design of a horizontal well system.     

Analysis of runoff pathways and flow contributions using deuterium and stream chemistry

The two-component hydrograph separation method has been used to investigate the sources of storm runoff at Allt a Mharcaidh during storms in October 1987, September 1988, and June 1989. Results show that for the September and October storms, more than 88 per cent of storm runoff was contributed by pre-event water and 54 per cent of the June storm runoff. Instantaneous contributions of pre-event water at the hydrograph peak vary from 91 per cent in September 1988 to 41 per cent in June 1989. Detailed examination of soil and borehole water, however, shows that these subcomponents of pre-event water do not always have similar chemistry and isotope concentrations. Therefore, information from the two-component separation method alone should not be used to infer processes or pathways, although some broad indications can be obtained through the additional use of soil water and groundwater chemistry.     

Adsorption of Thallium(I) Ions Using Eucalyptus Leaves Powder

Using batch method, the adsorption of thallium(I) ions from aqueous solutions on eucalyptus leaves powder, as a low cost adsorbent, was studied. The effect of various modification of considered adsorbent on the adsorption percentage of Tl(I) is an important feature of this study. The results showed that the unmodified and acidic modified adsorbent are the poor adsorbents for the Tl(I) ions while basic modified adsorbent is a suitable adsorbent. Also, the effect of some experimental conditions such as solution initial pH, agitation speed, contact time, sorbent dosage, temperature, particle size, and thallium initial concentration was studied. The results showed that the adsorption percentage depends on the conditions and the process is strongly pH‐dependent. The satisfactory adsorption percentage of Tl(I) ions, 81.5%, obtained at 25 ± 1°C. The equilibrium data agreed fairly better with Langmuir isotherm than Freundlich and Temkin models. The value of q_m that was obtained by extrapolation method is 80.65 mg g^?1. Separation factor values, R_L, showed that eucalyptus leaves powder is favorable for the sorption of Tl(I). The negative values of ΔH⁰ and ΔS⁰ showed that the Tl(I) sorption is an exothermic process and along with decrease of randomness at the solid–solution interface during sorption, respectively.     

多源系统混合前兆场的分离原则、分离方法和强震时间预报讨论

1995年7月12日-1996年2月3日在云南及邻近地区曾发生过3次强震，形成了多次地震在短时间内接踵发生的现象，在这种情况下，各次地震的前兆场之间的相互叠加是不可避免的。用“层次法”对各次地震的前兆场进行了分离，并讨论了分离的原则。结果表明：（1）某些震源不同层次点在时间轴上相遇时，由于叠加作用使异常幅度特别大；（2）某些震源不同层次点时间相近时，形成前兆突跳群；（3）强震前兆和后效前兆明显，表明未来时段内有强震发生；（4）在多源系统发震的晚期阶段，前兆异常明显减弱，这意味着多源系统趋于解体。     

离子交换树脂富集分离、火焰原子吸收光度法测定地质样品微量金

试验了四十多种常见存元及贵金属元素对富集和测定的影响。拟定了一个灵敏、快速、准确、成本低廉的地质样品中微量金的测定方法。结果令人满意，本法适用于一般地质样品中w(Au)/10^-6;0.05-50的测定。