Worldview2数据在西昆仑老并—赞坎矿集区铁矿调查中的应用

正赞坎—老并矿集区位于新疆塔什库尔干县,属于西昆仑成矿带塔合曼—西若达坂铁矿成矿区,研究区高寒缺氧,地形切割强烈,人烟稀少,交通极为不便,面积性的野外矿产地质调查工作面临挑战,难以获取系统、全面、翔实的资料(王俊峰等,2013)。遥感技术作为当今矿产调查的主要技术手段之一,越来越得到重视,特别是高分辨率的WorldView-Ⅱ数据能够提供全色0.46 m和多光谱     

基于CryoSat-2雷达高度计数据的南极内陆冰盖高程变化与物质平衡

南极冰盖对海平面影响巨大,高程变化测量是南极物质平衡监测的重要手段。采用欧空局CryoSat-2雷达高度计数据,通过提取卫星升降轨的地面交叉点,监测了南极内陆冰盖的高程变化（物质平衡）。结果表明,后向散射能量对Ku波段的CryoSat-2雷达高度计的高程数据具有一定的影响,经后向散射能量校正后,时间序列上的高程变化变得平缓,高程变化与已有的降雪数据相比,更加符合实际情况。2010年11月至2017年11月南极内陆冰盖高程变化趋势为（-1.1±0.2）cm·a^-1。西南极的Kamb冰流高程变化率为（38.7±1.1）cm·a^-1,Moeller冰流高程变化率为（-10.3±1.2）cm·a^-1,部分Thwaites冰川区域高程变化率为（-13.4±1.8）cm·a^-1,东南极的Wilkes Land出现高下降区,最高达-20 cm·a^-1。Dronning Maud Land虽然出现变化异常的点,但整体并没有显著的高程变化。南极内陆冰盖质量变化为（-10.6±6.2）Gt·a^-1,整体上南极内陆冰盖质量变化平缓,部分区域变化较大,Kamb冰流达到（17.9±0.5）Gt·a^-1,Moeller冰流达到（-3.4±0.4）Gt·a^-1,部分Thwaites冰川区达到（-3.7±0.5）Gt·a^-1。     

苏北淮安盐盆杨槐区块浦二段盐韵律特征及其古气候意义

盐湖沉积因具有成盐多期性和连续完整性的特点,是恢复成盐期古环境的重要研究对象,形成的不同级次盐韵律记录了不同尺度周期下古气候的干湿变化。上白垩统浦口组是淮安盐盆的主要含盐层系,对含盐层段盐韵律的研究有助于恢复该地区成盐期的古气候特征。在对资料井A1井取心段岩心精细观察和岩样矿物成分分析的基础上,分析资料井岩性的垂向变化,对浦口组盐韵律特征进行识别并划分。根据盐韵律对古气候的指示作用研究成盐期区块短尺度气候周期下的古气候变化。将淮安盐盆杨槐区块浦口组划分出Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级韵律,识别出完整的盐韵律组合,即泥岩—钙芒硝质盐岩—盐岩—钙芒硝质盐岩。含盐段中广泛发育暖温相矿物钙芒硝,指示气候特征为炎热的暖旱型。在Ⅳ级韵律尺度下建立了气候干湿性变化曲线,表明区块气候干湿性波动频繁,但仍以干旱为主,韵律厚度大致反映了气候波动频率大小。     

ZTEM二维非线性共轭梯度反演研究

ZTEM(Z轴倾子电磁法)是一种天然场源的频率域航空电磁法,其特点是磁场垂直分量在空中机载平台测量,磁场水平分量在地面的固定基站测量,具有勘探深度大、速度快、成本低、覆盖面积大等技术优势。本文实现了ZTEM二维有限差分正演和二维非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演算法。研究对象是倾子资料,反演过程中通过解"拟正演"问题来避开雅克比矩阵的直接计算。通过理论模型合成数据反演试算,验证了ZTEM倾子资料二维NLCG反演算法的稳定性与可靠性。与大地电磁(MT) TE模式阻抗资料反演结果进行对比,发现在异常体横向边界的约束方面,ZTEM倾子反演比MT阻抗反演更具优越性。     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of marine glauconitic siliciclasts and phosphates in selected Cenomanian–Turonian units,Bohemian Cretaceous Basin,Czech Republic: Implications for provenance and depositional environment

Glauconitic siliciclastic rocks and phosphate components from the Pecínov Member of the Peruc–Korycany Formation (Upper Cenomanian), the lower part of the Bílá Hora Formation (Lower Turonian) and the lower part of the Teplice Formation (Upper Turonian) are studied. Geochemical indices suggest that the siliciclasts were derived from the weathering and recycling products of variable rock types of the Bohemian Massif, with a pronounced signature of felsic-derived source lithologies and a minor contribution from the sources of a chemically intermediate nature. Geochemical and mineralogical criteria suggest that the climate in the mid-Cretaceous was generally humid with possible intermittent arid episodes, which resulted in a long-term weathering of source rocks and the development of residual clay minerals in the source area. Several geochemical indications point toward highly reducing marine conditions during deposition of the mudstones, which are composed of quartz, glauconite, kaolinite, smectite, apatite and calcite. The glauconites show a highly mature character with >8 wt. % K₂O and bear evidence of long residence time near the sediment–water interface. They are depleted in Fe and rich in Al indicating a mixed layer mica–smectite as a precursor. Carbonate-fluorapatite is the only phosphate phase identified in the phosphate components, with up to 8 wt. % CO₃²⁻, excess F⁻ and significant amounts of Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻ in the apatite structure. A short-lived phosphogenic event(s) took place in the latest Cenomanian and involved large areas of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin in association with the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. The phosphate nodules were initially precipitated under suboxic conditions around the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary and were later reworked and emplaced in the earliest Turonian units. Phosphate coprolites mark another phosphogenic event in the early Upper Turonian. The development of the phosphate coprolites took place under variable redox conditions; the release of organically-bound phosphate and subsequent phosphatisation of fecal material took place under suboxic environment, followed by reworking in oxic realms.     

The Yamato-type (CY) carbonaceous chondrite group: Analogues for the surface of asteroid Ryugu?

We report new mineralogical, petrographic and noble gas analyses of the carbonaceous chondrite meteorites Y-82162 (C1/2_ung), Y-980115 (CI1), Y-86029 (CI1), Y-86720 (C2_ung), Y-86789 (C2_ung), and B-7904 (C2_ung). Combining our results with literature data we show that these meteorites experienced varying degrees of aqueous alteration followed by short-lived thermal metamorphism at temperatures of >500 °C. These meteorites have similar mineralogy, textures and chemical characteristics suggesting that they are genetically related, and we strongly support the conclusion of Ikeda (1992) that they form a distinct group, the CYs (“Yamato-type”). The CY chondrites have the heaviest oxygen isotopic compositions (δ¹⁷O ˜12‰, δ¹⁸O ˜22‰) of any meteorite group, high abundances of Fe-sulphides (˜10 ‒ 30 vol%) and phosphates, and contain large grains of periclase and unusual objects of secondary minerals not reported in other carbonaceous chondrites. These features cannot be attributed to parent body processes alone, and indicate that the CYs had a different starting mineralogy and/or alteration history to other chondrite groups, perhaps because they formed in a different region of the protoplanetary disk. The short cosmic-ray exposure ages (≤1.3 Ma) of the CY chondrites suggest that they are derived from a near-Earth source, with recent observations by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft highlighting a possible link to the rubble-pile asteroid Ryugu.     

临南油田夏32断块沙二段下部储层特征及其主控因素

通过岩芯和薄片观察,结合测井资料,对临南油田夏32断块沙二段下部储层发育特征及其主控因素进行了研究。结果表明：该区储层的岩石类型主要为岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩,颗粒分选中等,磨圆较差,成分成熟度及结构成熟度中等;储层物性表现为中低孔特低—低渗的特征,且孔隙度和渗透率相关性较好;孔隙类型包括原生粒间孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔和铸模孔。综合储层特征的研究结果认为：夏32断块沙二段下部储层主要受基准面旋回、沉积、成岩以及构造作用的影响;三角洲平原的分支河道砂体物性最好,其次是三角洲前缘的水下分支河道,其他沉积微相储层物性较差;压实作用和胶结作用破坏储层物性,溶蚀作用则可改善储层物性;此外,构造作用所产生的裂隙也有利于改善储层物性,对储层物性起到了积极的建设作用。     

东准噶尔晚石炭世构造体制转变:来自A2型流纹岩的证据

老爷庙地区位于东准噶尔东部,是中亚造山带的重要组成部分。老爷庙流纹岩与典型A型花岗岩相似,成因类型上属A2型流纹岩,产于后碰撞环境。锆石U-Pb定年显示其形成于（311.6±3.1） Ma,属晚石炭世。综合文中数据及区域地质特征,老爷庙地区在晚石炭世已经拼贴到西伯利亚板块,进入后碰撞向板内转化的过渡期,结束了该区洋陆过渡环境。     

辽东半岛复州湾剖面寒武系第二统光合作用生物膜建造的核形石

作为一种经常大于鲕粒的包覆颗粒类型,核形石以其不平滑的圈层被解释为微生物成因,区别于成因存在较大争议的鲕粒,而且常与鲕粒和其他类型的碳酸盐颗粒相互共生;作为一种在围绕着生物碎屑和非生物碎屑核心的序列式纹层化作用过程中形成的球形或假球型生物沉积构造,核形石还常常单独产出和分布,所以又被解释为微生物碳酸盐岩,或者被归为球状叠层石。在辽东半岛寒武系第二统碱厂组和馒头组之中,厘米级别大小的核形石密集发育在三级层序的顶部,成为一种时间特化的相。另外,以下重要特征将辽东半岛寒武系第二统的核形石特征化,包括:(1)与凝块和微凝块共生;(2)多为球状和椭球状;(3)由不均一的非纹层状致密泥晶和微亮晶构成;(4)核形石皮层以及核形石间凝块中发育特别的蓝细菌鞘钙化化石等。尽管穿越成岩作用过滤器去解释古代核形石复杂的形成机理存在着巨大的挑战,也尽管形成这些核形石的复杂生物膜钙化作用细节需要更加深入地研究才能得到更好地了解,但是,辽东半岛第二统碱厂组和馒头组核形石中直接的微生物化石证据,尤其是核形石内较为丰富的钙化蓝细菌鞘化石,使其成为一个了解光合作用生物膜建造核形石的典型实例。     

渤中凹陷CFD18-2油田高岭石胶结作用及其对储层物性的影响

为探究成岩作用过程中所形成的次生黏土矿物对储层物性的影响,借助偏光显微镜及扫描电镜的镜下分析,并结合储层物性等数据,对渤中凹陷附近沙垒田凸起东南部CFD18-2油田东三段高岭石的特征、类型、成因及其对储层物性的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明：1）研究区高岭石为有机酸溶蚀长石形成的自生高岭石,呈现典型的"手风琴状"及"蠕虫状",常充填于粒间孔、长石次生溶孔及碳酸盐胶结物溶孔中并形成良好的晶间孔隙。2）研究区主要发育两期高岭石,第一期主要充填于早期碳酸盐胶结物溶孔中,呈微小"蠕虫状";第二期充填于铁方解石与铁白云石胶结物溶孔中,部分高岭石具碱性溶蚀特征,且第二期高岭石与晚期伊利石共生。3）研究区东三段储层具备一定的渗流能力,使长石溶蚀形成的"副产物"被流体带走;但在破坏性成岩作用下,储层渗流能力会逐渐变差,最终使得"副产物"堆积于孔隙,降低储层物性。4）高岭石及同期硅质胶结物对储层物性的影响是一把"双刃剑",当高岭石及硅质的体积分数低于6.81%时,长石溶蚀有利于改善储层物性;当高岭石及硅质的体积分数高于6.81%时,则不利于储层物性的改善。