Numerical modelling of the transverse dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in clayey soils

In this paper, different approaches aimed at investigating the dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in the transverse direction are presented. The analysed cases refer to a shallow tunnel built in two different clayey deposits. The adopted approaches include 1D numerical analyses performed modelling the soil as a single-phase visco-elastic non-linear medium, the results of which are then used to evaluate the input data for selected analytical solutions proposed in the literature (uncoupled approach), and 2D fully coupled FE simulations adopting visco-elastic and visco-elasto-plastic effective stress models for the soil (coupled approach). The results are proposed in terms of seismic-induced loads in the transverse direction of the tunnel lining. The different constitutive hypotheses adopted in the coupled numerical approach prove to play a significant role on the results. In particular, the plasticity-based analyses indicate that a seismic event can produce a substantial modification of loads acting in the lining, leading to permanent increments of both hoop force and bending moment.     

Seismic stratigraphy and subsidence analysis of the southern Brazilian margin (Campos,Santos and Pelotas basins)

The Campos, Santos and Pelotas basins have been investigated in terms of 2D seismo-stratigraphy and subsidence. The processes controlling accommodation space (e.g. eustacy, subsidence, sediment input) and the evolution of the three basins are discussed. Depositional seismic sequences in the syn-rift Barremian to the drift Holocene basin fill have been identified. In addition, the subsidence/uplift history has been numerically modeled including (i) sediment flux, (ii) sedimentary basin framework, (iii) relation to plate-tectonic reconfigurations, and (iv) mechanism of crustal extension. Although the initial rift development of the three basins is very similar, basin architecture, sedimentary infill and distribution differ considerably during the syn-rift sag to the drift basin stages. After widespread late Aptian–early Albian salt and carbonate deposition, shelf retrogradation dominated in the Campos Basin, whereas shelf progradation occurred in the Santos Basin. In the Tertiary, these basin fill styles were reversed: since the Paleogene, shelf progradation in the Campos Basin contrasts with overall retrogradation in the Santos Basin. In contrast, long-term Cretaceous–Paleogene shelf retrogradation and intense Neogene progradation characterize the Pelotas Basin. Its specific basin fill and architecture mainly resulted from the absence of salt deposition and deformation. These temporally and spatially varying successions were controlled by specific long-term subsidence/uplift trends. Onshore and offshore tectonism in the Campos and Santos basins affected the sediment flux history, distribution of the main depocenters and occurrence of hydrocarbon stratigraphic–structural traps. This is highlighted by the exhumation and erosion of the Serra do Mar, Serra da Mantiqueira and Ponta Grossa Arch in the hinterland, as well as salt tectonics in the offshore domain. The Pelotas Basin was less affected by changes in structural regimes until the Eocene, when the Andean orogeny caused uplift of the source areas. Flexural loading largely controlled its development and potential hydrocarbon traps are mainly stratigraphic.     

准东石油基地幼儿园抗震鉴定与加固

结合准东石油基地幼儿园的抗震鉴定与加固实例,在对原结构抗震措施鉴定和分析验算的基础上,介绍了房屋结构薄弱部位的加固做法。对类似项目的结构加固有一定的参考价值。     

地质灾害监测技术现状与发展趋势

文章对地质灾害监测方法、监测仪器进行了系统归类。详细介绍了崩滑体变形监测、物理场与化学场监测、地下水监测和滑坡等诱发因素监测方法、特点。对地质灾害监测方法的应用现状进行了总结；文章还介绍了BOTDR新技术的起源与发展、基本原理和应用于地质灾害监测的几个关键问题；对地质灾害监测方法的发展趋势进行了预测；最后文章提出了进行地质灾害监测技术优化集成的基础和优化原则。     

基于GIS的省级地质灾害数据库设计与实现

为了进行地质灾害区划研究,作者在对国内外地质灾害研究现状进行分析的基础上,提出了利用GIS强大的空间分析和快速的图文互访功能来管理分析地质灾害数据,并从数据共享的角度提出建立省级地质灾害数据库.文章从数据库的概念性设计、逻辑设计和数据库实体建设等方面详细介绍了省级地质灾害数据库的设计过程:从属性数据库建设、图形数据库建...     

构造环境应力场在确定新疆地震危险区中的应用

基于断裂力学的研究成果和位错论,提出了断裂力学地震破裂模式,进而推导出了几个从地震波观测资料直接计算震源处构造环境剪力场量值ｒ０的公式。根据这些公式计算了中国地区中小地震的构造环境剪应力值。结果表明：ｒ０值的大小与分布和大震发生的地点有密切关系,即剪应力水平较高的地区将容易发生大地震,而剪应力水平较低的地区通常只发生小地震。据此,从１９９２年开始,根据环境应力场进行寻找地震危险区的尝试总有效北达７     

弥散地震评价的原则与方法研究

本文论述了弥散地震的概念及其由来,分析了当前对弥散地震存在的几种不同认识以及弥散地震对工程抗震设计基准影响的特点,在上述基础上研究和探讨了弥散地震评价的原则与方法。     

青海省湟水盆地历史地震调查及研究

通过对青海省湟水盆地影响较大的5次破坏性历史地震的重新考证，确定了每次地震的宏观震中、震级大小、发震断层以及地震等震线，从而得出盆地东部一平安至民和块体及其周边地区，基底介质强度较弱，为中强地震活动水平较高的危险地区。     

Spatial variation of seismic motion induced by propagation of body waves

Spatial variation of earthquake ground motion is an important phenomenon that cannot be ignored in the design and safety of strategic structures. Several models have been developed to describe this variation using statistical, mathematical or physical approaches. The latter approach is not specific to an event. A recent contribution, which uses such an approach and called complete stochastic deamplification approach (CSDA), was developed [1]. The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial variation of earthquake motion induced by the propagation of body waves using the CSDA. Coherency functions are evaluated for the cases of SH–SV–P waves propagating through stratified soil. Results obtained show that the variation of the coherency function is not the same for vertical and horizontal components and that the motion is more coherent at depth than at the free surface. In fact, we found that the rate of decrease with frequency and distance is not the same if P–SV waves propagate through stratified soil.     

忻州市房屋建筑地震损失与人员伤亡预测

在对忻州市现有房屋建筑进行调查研究的基础上，对房屋建筑按结构进行了分类，并对各类房屋进行了抗震分析，进而建立了相应的易损性矩阵，最终结果得到以小区为单元遭遇不同强度地震作用的地震损失和人员伤亡，以及50年地震期望损失。