Spatial changes in a macrozoobenthic community along environmental gradients in a shallow brackish lagoon facing Sendai Bay, Japan

The spatial distribution, abundance, and assemblage structure of macrozoobenthos were examined at 45 stations in a brackish lagoon (Idoura Lagoon, Japan) to examine the animal–environmental relations in estuarine soft-bottom habitats. We found a total of 23 taxa; the polychaetes Heteromastus sp., Hediste spp., and Prionospio japonica and the isopod Cyathura muromiensis numerically dominated the community. Cluster analysis and one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) identified seven groups of stations that had significantly different macrozoobenthic communities; these were subsequently consolidated into five habitat groups according to their association with environmental characteristics. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that salinity, silt-clay content, and the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) of the sediment strongly affected the macrozoobenthos distribution pattern in the lagoon, whereas other factors (e.g., relative elevation of the habitat and sediment organic content) had much weaker effects. Similarity percentages (SIMPER) procedures indicated that the polychaete Notomastus sp. and the bivalve Macoma contabulata were specific to habitats with low salinity and reduced mud, whereas the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea was specific to sandy bottoms. Heteromastus sp. and Hediste spp. achieved their highest densities in rather oxidized sediments. The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) content in the sediment was suggested as another possible factor affecting macrozoobenthic density. Our results clearly demonstrate that macrozoobenthic assemblages in estuarine soft-bottoms have high spatial heterogeneity on a small scale (e.g., hundreds of meters) related to physical and chemical environmental changes. Our data also suggested the importance of sediment redox condition (e.g., ORP and AVS content) and sediment grain size as structuring factors in estuarine soft-bottom communities as well as the salinity in the habitat.     

流体替代技术及应用分析

地震技术是研究隐蔽油气藏的关键技术。岩石物理是地震信号与储层性质之间的桥梁,它可以帮助我们更好的理解岩石和流体性质的地震响应。流体替代分析是岩石物理分析的重要部分,它是流体识别和储层定量研究的工具之一,在AVO分析中起了重要的作用。流体替代的理论基础是Gassmann方程。在岩石物理技术指导下,对某工区探井进行了流体替代分析,并根据替代后的结果分析了波阻抗随深度、岩性和含油气性变化的规律,同时根据替代结果进行了AVO正演研究,比较分析了储层中流体分别为盐水、气和油时的响应特征,并据此根据实际的部分叠加道集进行了烃类异常识别。     

The black water around the Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary in the spring of 2003

The Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary is located in the East China Sea shelf with shallow water. Affected by the tide mixing and the runoff of the Changjiang River and the Qiantang River, the turbidity is very high. Generally, the water-leaving radiance is high in the turbid water because of the large particle scattering. Based on the in-situ data and ocean color remote sensing data of SeaWiFS, it was found that there was a black water region with the normalized water-leaving radiances less than 0.5 mW/(cm2·μm2·...     

水下光学无线通信的海水信道特性研究

提出了将具有比声学高达几倍的数据通信速率,良好的安全性和隐蔽性的光学无线通信技术应用于海军、海洋科学研究和水下工程等领域,实现高速率的水下无线通信技术实现海量数据的信息交换.基于生物光学特性的水下光学信道模型,建立了水下光学通信系统性能分析方法.并对基于发光二极管(LED)的水下光学无线通信系统进行了仿真,其结果表明所建立的方法可以进行各种海域水质环境的模拟,便于时水下光学无线通信系统性能进行预测评估,为水下光学无线通信系统的设计方案的评估提供了依据.     

海底浅表层不同土类静力触探参数与物理力学性质对比研究

海底土的物理、力学特性是海洋地质学、海洋土工学、海洋地质灾害等调查研究及海洋资源开发环境条件调查和评价等方面非常重要的资料,海底静力触探试验(CPT)是获取这方面资料的一种快速高效、成本低、测试精度高的原位测试方法。它可同时获取海底土锥尖阻力、侧摩阻力等方面的连续原位测试数据,这些数据与海底土取样样品测试分析资料及物探资料结合,可对海底土的工程特性等作比较全面的分析和评价。本文对采集的海底土样的静力触探参数与海底土样的物理力学指标进行相关分析,分粘性土和砂类土二类,建立了海底浅表层土的静力触探参数与物理力学指标之间的相关方程。利用相关方程可以通过静力触探的数据来推算土的物理力学指标,进而对海底土的工程情况作较全面的评价。     

春晓气田泥岩垮塌测井数据校正及应用

由于存在部分泥岩井眼垮塌,东海春晓气田测井曲线砂泥岩阻抗部分叠置。针对这一现象,采用未垮塌段泥岩伽马与密度拟合关系校正垮塌段泥岩密度,声波时差经本区伽德那公式拟合后求取。通过泥岩垮塌测井数据校正前后对比、直方交会、岩石物理、正演及反演效果分析,认为校正后的测井数据比较真实地反映垮塌段扩径泥岩地层特征,储层与围岩波阻抗差异明显,为储层反演、砂体空间展布分析提供了有力依据。     

大连港外海域船舶尾迹光学特征研究

通过大连港外海上实验测量船舶含气泡尾迹表观光学特征(如离水辐亮度、遥感反射率),分析了尾迹气泡对极度混浊的Ⅱ类水体海水表观光学特征的影响.实验结果证明:无论在可见光还是近红外波段,尾迹气泡都增强了海水表观光学量,如"耘海"船尾迹遥感反射率在可见光波段相对背景海水提高了50%,在近红外波段相对提高了159%.数据分析结果表明在此种水体中,气泡使得尾迹海水水色变黄,而不是在Ⅰ类水体中使水色变绿.随着观测点在尾迹中的位置靠近目标船,气泡数密度不断增加,遥感反射率也随之增强.     

Stokes波的谱特性分析

应用理论推导及数值计算方法，对Stokes随机波的谱特性进行了分析。首先将波面方程，海水质点水平速度用一阶波面分量的非线性组合表示，应用平稳随机高阶短的降阶计算法则，得到了波面方程及海水质点水平速度与一阶波面分量的自相关函数之间的关系，从而确定了Stokes随机波浪的波浪谱密度及海水质点水平速度和加速度谱密度，进而求得有关波浪要素的均方根值。文章还应有数值计算方法，分析了波浪基本参数对均方根值的影响。     

Cu3 N弹性和热力学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理全势线性缀加平面波方法,研究了立方反ReO₃结构Cu₃N在零温(0 K)零压下的平衡晶格常数、体弹模量及其对压强的一阶导数,计算结果与其他实验及理论结果基本相符. 同时得出Cu₃N的弹性常数,Poisson比等,并分析出Cu₃N在零温零压下是稳定的. 通过准谐Debye模型计算Cu₃N的热力学性质,得到了Cu₃N的晶格常数、等压比热容、等容比热     

N掺杂SnO2材料光电性质的第一性原理研究

采用全电势线性缀加平面波(full potential linearized augmented plane wave method,简记为FP-LAPW)方法,基于密度泛函理论第一性原理计算分析N掺杂SnO₂材料,研究了在N替代O原子和N替代Sn原子情况下的电子态密度、电荷密度分布以及光学性质.研究表明N掺杂替代Sn较之N掺杂替代O原子的带隙要宽,都宽于SnO₂的本征带隙,且两种情况下N分别处于负氧化态和正氧化态,其介电函数谱也与带隙对应发生蓝移,从理论上指出