河北平原曲流河沉积特征及其模式

本文研究了河流沉积构造、结构、石英颗粒表面特征和沉积相特征,并提出组成曲流点坝标志的两个重要要素及沉积模式。有助于认识古代岩相中点坝层序和对此模式。     

土地类型演替过程浅析——以缙云山为例

以缙云山为例,本文试用耗散结构理论分析土地类型的演替。     

新疆库米什地区晚志留世地层划分及沉积环境初步探讨

作者运用生物地层学、岩石地层学及同位素年代学资料,重新厘定了库米什地区晚志留世地层层序,进一步确定阿尔皮什麦布拉克组时代属晚志留世。在恢复原岩的基础上,分析其沉积环境,属岛弧或活动陆缘。晚志留世早期沉积为有障壁的浅水陆棚及海滩环境,中期为台地前斜坡,并形成碳酸盐岩台地边缘生物礁,晚期则是陆表海浑水有障壁环境及浅海开阔陆棚。     

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛晚白垩世火山岩地层的古生物证据

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛半三角附近的火山沉积岩,首次发现孢粉、叶化石,显示出晚白垩世的组合面貌。它们表明菲尔德斯半岛存在两个时代不同的植物层,即晚白垩世半三角植物层及始新世化石山植物层;菲尔德斯半岛火山活动始自中生代后期,而不是以前认为的侏罗纪,也非第三纪早期。这也是南设得兰群岛首次发现的晚白垩世陆相古生物证据。     

滇西“三江”地区新生代地质构造格局及其演化

新生代构造演化主要经历了陆内裂陷、断裂走滑活动及会聚构造带的形成、陆内岩浆活动、强烈的抬升第一系列构造运动。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前地震活动图像演化特征

8．1级地震发生前地震活动性图像显示出多种异常形态，地震背景空区、地震条带、小震活动平静等地震活动性异常配套出现。余震集中区远离主震震中，并在地表形成350km的破裂形变带。8．1级地震后东昆仑断裂带中段出现中等地震平静，应力场呈闭锁状态，有较强地震的孕育迹象。     

从东海石油地质重要进展看西太平洋大陆边缘新生代盆地的构造演化——一种海沟向洋后退的残余弧后盆地演化模式

东海盆地石油地质研究在近二十年里主要取得五方面的进展 :证明了盆地是由一组大陆边缘新生界由西向东逐个变新的“盆地群体”组成 ,建立了陆架地区以组为单位的整个新生代地层单元 ,详细划分了西湖凹陷的内部地质结构 ,认定了煤和煤系沉积是东海陆架区的主力油气源岩 ,通过大量钻井验证了盆地中三类不同成因的圈闭。从环西太平洋盆地形成的地球动力学背景看 ,西太平洋是一个自北而南的沟—弧—盆 (陆缘海 )系统 ;大体以台湾海峡为界 ,东海盆地是一个由转换或被动边缘演化而来的聚敛边缘 ,而南海属于由活动或聚敛边缘转化而来的被动边缘。东海盆地与菲律宾海盆地具有相似的时空演化特征 ,由此论证了东海新生代盆地属于残余弧后向洋后退盆地     

断裂坡折带对海相沉积层序的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩为例

自断裂坡折带顺斜坡向下常可形成一个垮塌 (滑塌 )—碎屑流—浊流的沉积序列 ,垮塌角砾岩的沉积为其提供了良好的原始孔隙度 ,同沉积期后又为次生孔隙发育提供了有利条件。断裂下降盘通常是聚集油气的有利部位。鄂尔多斯盆地西缘在奥陶纪沉积时期处于断陷海盆的发育阶段 ,断陷海盆边缘的同沉积断裂相当发育 ,对海相沉积层序具有重要的控制作用 ,其滑塌和垮塌角砾岩主要是角砾灰岩 ,相当发育 ,构成良好的油气储集空间。天1井和天 2井的实例对比很好地证明了断裂坡折带对沉积层序的控制并进而控制了油气的成藏条件。盆地西缘是奥陶纪断裂坡折带的发育地区 ,储盖组合完整 ,油气远景良好     

Implications of elemental concentrations for provenance, redox conditions, and metamorphic studies of shales and limestones near Pueblo, CO, USA

Major element and some trace element compositions (including the REE) of shales, carbonate-rich shales, and limestones of Late Cretaceous age have been analyzed at two outcrops near Pueblo, CO. Elemental ratios that are characteristic of the provenance of terrigenous debris that are the least variable with changing percent acid insoluble residue vs. percent calcite are Th/Cr, La/Co, (La/Lu)_cn, and Eu/Eu*. The Ce/Ce*, La/Sc, and La/Cr ratios, however, are only constant when greater than 30% of a sample is composed of acid insoluble residue. At less than 30% acid insoluble residue, these elemental ratios increase markedly. The Th/Co and Th/Sc ratios are fairly constant from nearly 0% to about 60% acid-insoluble residue. Above 60% residue, these ratios increase due to the high concentration of Th in the Graneros to Hartland shales at Everhart Ranch. The average of the Th/Co, Th/Sc, Th/Cr, La/Co, La/Sc, and La/Cr ratios are similar to those of the MCS (mid-continent shales) and PAAS (Post-Archean Australian shales). Thus, these carbonate-rich to carbonate poor rocks analyzed in this study contain terrigenous debris that has been derived from granitoids similar to those that supplied debris to the MCS and PAAS. The Ce/Ce* ratios are lower and the Mn* (Mn*=log[(Mn_sample/Mn_shales)/(Fe_sample/Fe_shales)]) values are more positive in the more calcite-rich Bridge Creek and Ft. Hays limestones than in the other units, suggesting that they formed in an oxidizing environment. The Ce/Ce* are the highest and the Mn* values are the most negative in the Graneros to Hartland shales, suggesting that they formed under more reducing conditions.The elemental concentration of one sample relative to that of another sample over a few meters distance usually vary in small amounts (e.g., medians of the ratios of the same elements between adjacent samples ranges from 1.06 to 1.70). However, the ratio of elemental concentrations between adjacent samples can sometimes be quite large. The least variation of elemental ratios between adjacent samples often occurs within the more carbonate-poor shales; the greatest variation occurs within the limestones. Thus, trying to decipher local movement of elements due to metamorphism in similar carbonate shale-limestone sequences should be done cautiously since local elemental variation due to sedimentary processes can be large.     

赣江入湖三角洲上的网状河流体系研究

中国南方的冲积河流有许多属于分汊河流，这已被许多研究者进行过比较深入的分析研究，但赣江在其入湖三角洲上的多河道体系与分汊河道有着明显的不同，它的形成是河流自发调整的结果，而不象分汊河流那样由节点控制。它具有网状河流所具有的地貌和沉积物特征，属于典型的网状河流体系。虽然是低含沙河流，但由于其水动力较弱及汛期基准面的上升，洪泛频繁，可输入河间地以大量的泥沙并在低能环境中发生沉积，使河道及河间地能够协调加积升高，并维持多河道体系的稳定性。