河口、海湾沉积磷在全球变化区域响应研究中的意义

通过探讨海陆交互作用带近代沉积磷的生物地球化学循环过程及与大气圈氧气和二氧化碳等的相关关系 ,综述了用环境生物地球化学的理论和方法研究海陆边缘近代沉积磷随时间的变化规律、赋存形态、与相关元素的耦合关系等生物地球化学特征及其在全球变化区域响应研究中的特殊意义。藉此追溯过去气候和环境变化的驱动因素 ,区分自然因素和人类活动作用的影响 ,揭示河口、海湾近代沉积磷对过去气候和环境变化的指示作用 ,为预测未来区域和全球变化趋势及建立模型提供科学依据。     

广西合山马滩大隆组的沉积序列研究及其环境指示意义

马滩地区的大隆组,以火山碎屑岩和硅质岩沉积为主。镜下研究表明,火山碎屑岩可分为凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩和凝灰质沉积岩3亚类共8种岩石微相;硅质岩可分为生物成因硅质岩和生物火山成因硅质岩两亚类共5种岩石微相。这些岩石微相构成了12种主要的岩石相,而岩石相垂向上组成了6种主要的沉积序列。沉积序列指示该区存在两种类型的浊流沉积,一种是水下火山喷发形成的火山碎屑流向高密度浊流进而向低密度浊流演化的沉积,一种是早期沉积的凝灰质和硅质生物颗粒在滑塌作用下形成的浊流沉积。沉积序列研究并结合马滩地区大隆组沉积时期的古地形,表明当时该区不易发育海底扇沉积,而易接受低密度浊流沉积,形成了连续性好的较薄层沉积。     

滇西“三江”地区新生代地质构造格局及其演化

新生代构造演化主要经历了陆内裂陷、断裂走滑活动及会聚构造带的形成、陆内岩浆活动、强烈的抬升第一系列构造运动。     

NONUNIFORMOPEN CHANNEL FLOW WITH UPWARD SEEPAGE THROUGH LOOSE BEDS

The Reynolds stress and bed shear stress are important parameters in fluvial hydraulics. Steady-nonuniform flow in open channels with streamwise sloping beds having upward seepage through loose beds is theoretically analyzed to estimate the Reynolds stress and bed shear stress. Equations of the Reynolds stress and bed shear stress are developed, assuming a modified logarithmic velocity distribution law due to upward seepage, and using the Reynolds and continuity equations of two-dimensional flow in open channels.     

沉积岩包裹体的岩相学、分类、术语及常被忽略的基本问题

近年来包裹体越来越多地应用于油气地质领域,但对于沉积岩包裹体的正确认识、鉴别测试和分析应用中尚存在诸多问题。本文从矿物学、沉积岩石学、成岩作用和油气地质综合分析的角度,结合多年的沉积岩包裹体观察鉴定和测试,就沉积岩包裹体岩相学、分类、术语选用以及运用于油气地质研究常被忽略的基本问题进行了阐述和讨论,以利于正确认识、辨别和应用沉积岩中的包裹体来分析解决油气地质问题。     

华南地区岩石圈三维结构类型与演化动力学

从地球层块结构研究思路出发,对华南及邻区天然地震面波层析成像进行系统地构造解析,发现岩石圈中下部存在形态各异,大小不等的高速块体,结合地质学、地球化学、其它地球物理学标志等多学科综合研究,将其称为幔块构造。研究显示高速块体或幔块构造是华南地区岩石圈构造格局和岩石圈表层构造变形最基本条件之一。首次建立起华南地区岩石圈三种三维几何结构样式:克拉通陆根状结构、造山带楔状结构和碎块状结构,以及岩石圈三类构造演化类型:克拉通型岩石圈、增厚型岩石圈和减薄型岩石圈(弱减薄型岩石圈及强减薄型岩石圈)。本文在论述华南岩石圈三维结构构造类型基本特征基础上,首次探讨了华南地区软流圈三维结构以及该区岩石圈演化动力学特征。     

南京-仪征地区新近纪砂砾层层序及古长江的形成与演化

对南京—仪征地区新近纪砂砾层层序、时代进行了讨论。该地区新近纪砂砾层地层层序为中新世中期的洞玄观组(Nld)、中新世晚期的六合组(N1l)、黄岗组(N1h)及上新世的雨花台组(N2y)，认为雨花台组沉积是位于六合组之上的另一套砂砾层，其沉积时代为上新世晚期。还分析了新近纪砂砾层在中新世中期、中新世晚期、上新世的沉积环境，探讨了区内古长江的形成与演化，认为古长江是在古近纪断陷盆地的基础上，经历了中新世多个汇水盆地的发育阶段至上新世形成古长江雏形，并于更新世早期基本定型，其形成及演化过程均与新构造活动息息相关。     

Cenomanian–Turonian carbonate platform deposits in west central Jordan

We studied upper Albian to Turonian shallow-marine shelf deposits (Ajlun Group) of west central Jordan along a NNE-SSW running transect. The carbonate-dominated succession includes few siliciclastic intercalations, claystones and shales, and can be subdivided into five formations. The Naur, Fuheis and Hummar Formations of upper Albian to upper Cenomanian age represent shallow subtidal to supratidal platform environments. The uppermost Cenomanian to middle Turonian Shueib Formation includes deeper water deposits of the inner/mid-shelf and locally TOC-rich black shales. Shallow-marine platform environments once again dominate the Wadi As Sir Formation (middle-upper Turonian). A new multibiostratigraphic framework is based on ammonites (mainly of the middle Cenomanian rhotomagense Zone to the middle Turonian woollgari Zone) and calcareous nannofossils (biozones CC 9–CC 11), supplemented by benthic and planktonic foraminifers and ostracods. It forms the base of a sequence stratigraphic subdivision, containing eight sedimentary sequences (S1–S8), which are separated by four Cenomanian sequence boundaries (CeJo1–CeJo4) and three Turonian sequence boundaries (TuJo1–TuJo3). This scheme allows the correlation of the platform succession from distal to proximal shelf areas in contrast to previous correlations using lithologic units. Furthermore, comparisons between the platform successions and sequence patterns of west central Jordan and those from neighbouring areas allow to differentiate local, regional, and global controlling factors of platform development within the study area.     

富氟花岗质熔体形成和演化的实验研究

通过高温高压实验，模拟了富氟花岗质熔体形成和演化的过程，结果表明，随着结晶分异作用的进行，熔体中SiO2含量降低而Al2O3和F含量升高，相应地，A／NKC和NKA／Si比值逐渐升高，并最终形成了贫硅过铝富氟的熔体。     

Siberia and Rodinia

An analysis of the Riphean sedimentary successions along the margins of the Siberian craton, together with recent geochronological and palaeomagnetic data from Siberia, require a revision of the hypothesis that Siberia was part of Rodinia. Some previously proposed Laurentia–Siberia reconstructions may be dismissed, whereas other models are permissible with minor modifications and conservative assumptions about recent geochronological data from Siberia. A comparison of Laurentian and Siberian apparent polar wander paths between 1050 and 1000 Ma shows a striking similarity. However, if Siberia was part of Rodinia, it was probably not contiguous with the Laurentian craton. In this scenario, northern and southern (Stanovoy block) margins of Siberia are possible candidates for conjunction with the rest of Rodinia. We propose a new reconstruction of Laurentia and Siberia at ca. 1050–1000 Ma.