渤海南部Lz908孔海陆交互沉积的粒度特征及其对沉积环境的指示

文章对采自莱州湾南岸的钻孔沉积物样品进行了粒度测试和分析。样品平均粒径介于3.3-6.8?,以极细砂和粗粉砂为主,含有少量的粘土质;分选较差;偏度表现为正偏和极正偏;沉积物粒度表现为正态、正态—尖锐和尖锐,少数表现为平坦和极尖锐。粒度象指示了历史时期持续高的初始沉积水动能和多种沉积环境的变化,粒度参数散点图反映了多种动能影响了沉积物的沉积改造,综合判别分析对沉积环境的限定,得到了莱州湾南岸沉积物受到河水径流、潮流、波浪等共同作用形成。沉积物总体反映了莱州湾南岸长时期处于河流相和三角洲相的沉积环境,少数较细的粒度表现可能与研究区的多期海侵过程相对应。     

东日本大地震地震序列的震源机制解特征及其动力学意义

日本本州及其邻近区域的应力状态以及弧后盆地的演化机制一直是人们所关注的问题.本文对2011年3月11日东日本大地震地震序列(2011年3月11日至2012年3月15日)的哈佛双力偶解进行了聚类分析,得到五种类型的震源机制解:与主震类型一致的低倾角逆断层型地震;主张应力方向垂直于日本海沟走向的正断层型地震;主张应力方向平行于日本海沟走向的正断层型地震;主压应力方向平行于日本海沟走向的逆断层型地震;包括走滑型地震在内的其他类型地震.东日本大地震地震序列中发生在弧前增生楔地震的震源机制解与大地震发生之前地震的震源机制解特征有显著区别,反映出该地区的应力状态与震前相比有较大改变.东日本大地震及其前震释放了附近区域的累积弹性应力,主震破裂区附近太平洋板块和其上覆板块接近完全解耦,降低了日本海盆地、中国东北地区的近东西向挤压应力水平.不过,整个本州岛东部区域太平洋板块和其上覆板块并没有完全解耦,但应力水平并不高.我们认为,日本海及中国东北应力水平的降低会使该区域的近东西向挤压型地震的危险性降低,而使NNE-SSW走向的走滑型地震活动性增强.同时,火山活动性也会增强.尤其是本州岛地区,存在近期火山爆发的可能性.东日本大地震地震序列的震源机制解特征还提示我们,日本海的应力状态及日本海的演化可能在一定程度上取决于太平洋板块和上覆板块的耦合状态.持续的弱耦合将不仅使得弧后大范围的地区保持岩浆上涌所必须的拉伸应力环境,而且还会因弧前隆起区发育大量正断层型地震而向深部提供促使岩浆生成所必须的水,因而造成日本海的再次扩张.     

Adaptive geo-information processing service evolution: Reuse and local modification method

Geo-information (GI) service automated composition according to user demands is a crucial task in spatial data infrastructures. State-of-the-art GI service composition approaches face serious limitations in terms of effectiveness and stability as the general GI processing service chain (GIPSC) must be generated from individual user specifications from scratch. This paper presents a novel approach called an adaptive geo-information service evolution (AgiSE) method which overcomes these limitations by adaptively reusing and modifying previously generated GIPSC. In this method, an influence domain minimisation (IDM) criterion is employed to modify the existing GIPSC to fit the new (changed) user demands through minimum revisions. The correction of local modification is ensured by process and integrity constraints. An innovative algorithm called influence domain pursuit is developed to find the optimised solution through a heuristic backward search based on the defined IDM. Experimental analysis shows the significant improvements of using AgiSE in GI services compared with existing traditional methods. The benefits of AgiSE are the improved efficiency of GI service composition and the improved executing stability of GIPSC which were achieved by reducing the service provider load. The AgiSE presented in this paper is crucial in reusing a general unified framework for GI service composition.     

On the evolution and stability of interfacial ripples on and off the critical frequency

Abstract

Under consideration are interfaces between two media of different densities and which arise from the interaction between the Mth and Nth harmonics of the motion where 1 ≤ N < M. By means of the method of multiple scales in both space and time a pair of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations is derived which model the progression of the interface. The equations contain a detuning parameter [sgrave] which allow imperfections in the resonance to be taken into account. Stokes-type sinusoidal solutions to the equations were sought. It was found that solutions exist for all values of the interaction ratio M/N. In some situations interfaces exist at both exact and near resonance; while in others they are destroyed by amplifications in the detuning. In yet others, a quantity of detuning is actually necessary for the profiles to exist. In all cases, even when the parameters are fixed, a very large class of interface profiles is possible. Finally, the stability of the profiles is studied. It is found that some are quite stable, even to perturbations with wavenumbers close to the main flow.     

贵州六盘水地区二叠纪茅口组中晚期碳酸盐岩微相特征和沉积环境分析

贵州省六盘水地区是茅口组的命名地区,研究发现该地区的茅口组岩相分异明显、顶部可能存在缺失,基于简单岩性及生物组合的划分标志已无法支撑对其进行内部划分对比、沉积环境研究、地质找矿等需求。为解决这一问题,笔者综合运用区域地质调查、剖面测量、岩矿薄片分析、碳酸盐岩微相划分对比等手段,识别出该区茅口组存在5种碳酸盐岩微相类型,进而将该区茅口中晚期的沉积相划分为:半局限台地相、台沟相、开阔台地相、台地边缘砂质浅滩相等4种亚相。六盘水地区二叠纪茅口中晚期古地理格局由南西侧“台沟”与北东侧“台地”组成。这一认识为研究六盘水及邻区茅口中晚期茅口组划分、古地理以及锰矿找矿提供基础资料。     

辽东半岛南部震旦系葛屯组、寒武系大林子组及碱厂组沉积相分析

辽东半岛南部震旦系葛屯组为一套中—细碎屑岩沉积,寒武系大林子组和碱厂组以碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩混合沉积为特征。沉积相分析表明,葛屯组为滨岸三角洲相沉积;大林子组为障壁海岸陆源碎屑沉积,碱厂组则是障壁海碳酸盐台地沉积。葛屯组与大林子组之间在沉积物质组成和沉积环境等方面存在较大差异。葛屯组水体循环好,为混水沉积,古植物宏观藻类繁盛,大林子组水体循环差,盐度不正常,上部出现干旱蒸发环境,几乎无生物可生存,葛屯组与大林子组沉积物的物源供给区的母岩相同,重矿物分析表明二者均为含水硅酸盐—变质岩;Ca/Mg值葛屯组低而到大林子组变高;葛屯组沉积时气候温暖、潮湿,沉积界面经常处于氧化基准面之下,而大林子组则表现为干燥、炎热的环境,沉积界面几乎始终位于氧化基准面之上。碱厂组与大林子组在沉积作用特征上基本相似。这一演化过程说明了地壳由活动至稳定的渐进脉动过程。     

云南景东里竹山铁矿成矿规律

里竹山铁矿赋存在马邓岩群外麦地岩组中,成矿与区内基性火山岩(玄武岩)相关,矿石与围岩均具有相似特征。后期热变质作用、叠加改造作用并未完全改变其原岩结构构造特征,属于构造和海底基性火山喷发有关的沉积变质型磁铁矿床。     

四川盆地盆-山耦合系统和沉积响应特征

依据四川盆地晚三叠世须家河期至白垩纪盆地构造和沉积演化史的综合分析结果,认为该盆地属于发育在大型周缘前陆盆地基础上的陆内压性叠合盆地,具类前陆盆地性质。盆地形成和演化受周边龙门山、米仓山-大巴山和雪峰山3个造山带多期次非同步异方位的逆冲推覆活动控制,可划分为受盆缘造山带逆冲推覆作用控制的川西、川东北和川东南3个盆-山耦合次系统,区域上构成了独具特色的"三坳围一隆"构造-沉积格局。对应各造山带异方位的交替逆冲推覆活动,盆-山耦合过程又可划分为早期周缘前陆盆地(T3m→T3xt)、中期类前陆盆地(T3x→J3)、晚期萎缩衰亡(K)3个演化阶段。各演化阶段盆-山耦合过程的沉积学响应具有特征的异同性:差异性为对应各造山带逆冲推覆应力方位的变化,各亚阶段沉降-沉积中心位置各异,往复迁移于川西、川东北和川东南3个坳陷带;相似性为各次系统地层分布都呈自前缘坳陷带向前陆斜坡带和前陆隆起带上超减薄变细的楔状体,具有相似的沉积组合、相带展布和油气地质特征。     

Divergent evolution of Earth and Venus: Influence of degassing,tectonics, and magnetic fields

Knowledge of the earliest evolution of Earth and Venus is extremely limited, but it is obvious from their dramatic contrasts today that at some point in their evolution conditions on the two planets diverged. In this paper we develop a geophysical systems box model that simulates the flux of carbon through the mantle, atmosphere, ocean, and seafloor, and the degassing of water from the mantle. Volatile fluxes, including loss to space, are functions of local volatile concentration, degassing efficiency, tectonic plate speed, and magnetic field intensity. Numerical results are presented that demonstrate the equilibration to a steady state carbon cycle, where carbon and water are distributed among mantle, atmosphere, ocean, and crustal reservoirs, similar to present-day Earth. These stable models reach steady state after several hundred million years by maintaining a negative feedback between atmospheric temperature, carbon dioxide weathering, and surface tectonics. At the orbit of Venus, an otherwise similar model evolves to a runaway greenhouse with all volatiles in the atmosphere. The influence of magnetic field intensity on atmospheric escape is demonstrated in Venus models where either a strong magnetic field helps the atmosphere to retain about 60 bars of water vapor after 4.5 Gyr, or the lack of a magnetic field allows for the loss of all atmospheric water to space in about 1 Gyr. The relative influences of plate speed and degassing rate on the weathering rate and greenhouse stability are demonstrated, and a stable to runaway regime diagram is presented. In conclusion, we propose that a stable climate-tectonic-carbon cycle is part of a larger coupled geophysical system where a moderate surface climate provides a stabilizing feedback for maintaining surface tectonics, the thermal cooling of the deep interior, magnetic field generation, and the shielding of the atmosphere over billion year time scales.     

中国气候变迁及其对地理环境的影响

总结了五千年中国历史上的气候变化的特征，论述了气候的冷暖周期性变迁对中国历史地理环境的影响。