西准噶尔南部玛依勒洋盆开启、闭合时限:来自中泥盆统与下伏地质体之间角度不整合关系的证据

新疆西准噶尔南部地区出露多条蛇绿岩,其中玛依勒蛇绿岩是该地区比较重要的蛇绿岩之一,其所代表的古洋盆的开启、闭合时限一直是地学界争论的焦点。详细的野外调查发现:玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩呈构造岩块的形式就位于中-上志留统玛依拉山岩群复理石基质中或与寒武纪杂岩体在空间上密切共生,表明玛依勒蛇绿岩所代表的古洋盆至少在寒武纪时期就已经开启,一直持续到中-晚志留世;中泥盆统库鲁木迪组分别角度不整合于中-上志留统玛依拉山岩群和寒武纪杂岩体之上,从而限定了玛依勒洋盆闭合时限的上限为中泥盆世之前。地层剖面分析发现库鲁木迪组与玛依拉山岩群之间在岩性特征、地层序列、沉积环境等方面均存在显著差异,表明晚古生代早期是西准噶尔地区构造演化发展的重要转换时期,库鲁木迪组下部的陆相沉积序列是对玛依勒早古生代洋盆闭合过程的沉积学响应。这将对进一步研究西准噶尔的构造演化和古生代中亚地区的构造格局提供了重要的制约。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子洲地区上古生界沉积相及演化特征

在对大量钻井岩心观察分析的基础上,结合鄂尔多斯盆地区域地质背景,利用岩性、古生物、沉积构造、粒度分析、地球化学特征等鉴别沉积标志特征,分析鄂尔多斯盆地子洲地区晚古生代各时期沉积相特征,总结其演化规律。晚古生代研究区共发育5种沉积体系,分别是障壁海岸沉积体系、浅海陆棚沉积体系、曲流河三角洲沉积体系、辫状河三角洲沉积体系以及湖泊沉积体系。研究区晚古生代沉积演化经历两大阶段。重点分析山西期与石盒子早期盒8期沉积环境,子洲地区山西组沉积为水下还原环境,受河流三角洲作用控制,仅在山西组早期研究区南部受到短期海泛的影响;石盒子早期研究区处于完全的淡水环境,受辫状河三角洲作用控制。晚古生代沉积时气候特点体现出由温暖潮湿气候向半干旱—干旱气候转变,沉积体系表现为由海相、海陆过渡相向陆相过渡转变的特点。     

Lower Cretaceous provenance in the northern Austral basin of Patagonia from sedimentary petrography

The northern Austral basin from Patagonia is characterized by an Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Albian) coarse-grained regressive sequence. These littoral to continental deposits conform a 150 km long basin cropping out along the Southern Patagonian Andes between 47 and 48°S. The basin fill consist of basal deltaic sandstones with interbedded shales and limestones from the Río Belgrano Formation, topped by up to 350 m of fluvial conglomerates and reworked tuffs of the Río Tarde and Kachaike formations. This continental depocenter represent a major geodynamic and paleoenviromental change from the underling marine Río Mayer Formation. In this study we analyze the tectonic setting and provenance during deposition of the coarse-grained sequence using sedimentary petrography of 37 thin sections in four stratigraphic profiles covering the northern basin. Our dataset indicates mainly a recycled orogenic sandstones provenance, in agreement with potential surrounding basement sources.     

贵州镇宁地区早—中三叠世地层特征及沉积环境变迁

镇宁地区早—中三叠世地层发育良好,相变明显,是贵州三叠纪"S"型相变带的组成部分之一。地层序列中各组(段)的岩石组合与沉积相为:大冶组主要由薄层灰岩夹少量砾屑灰岩组成,主体为缓斜坡相沉积;安顺组主要为一套白云岩,为局限台地—台地边缘滩(丘)相沉积;罗楼组与青岩组主要为一套薄层灰岩夹厚层砾屑灰岩,为斜坡相沉积;关岭组、花溪组及杨柳井组主要由白云岩与灰岩组成,为一套局限台地相沉积;垄头组主要由厚块状灰岩、角砾灰岩及少量白云岩组成,下部主要为台地边缘滩相沉积,上部为斜坡垮塌堆积与台缘滩相沉积的交互;边阳组主要为一套砂泥岩组合,代表了盆地相浊流沉积。早—中三叠世各时期的环境变迁颇具特色。印度期总体为缓斜坡环境;奥伦期古地形发生分异,出现了台地—斜坡的新沉积格局,且斜坡坡度变大;安尼期古地形分异更加明显,台缘向前迁移,但沉积格局未发生大的变化,唯斜坡坡度进一步增大;拉丁期台缘向后迁移,出现了较完整的台—坡—盆新格局。     

盐湖化学分析测试中心

浅地层地震剖面探测技术是一种基于声学原理连续走航式探测水下浅部地层结构与构造、沉积物特征及矿物分布的地球物理探测方法,具有连续性好、分辨率高和直观性强的特点。在湖泊沉积尤其是水下沉积研究中,弥补了沉积物钻孔分析"一柱之见"的局限性,能够更加直观准确地揭示湖泊沉积层垂向和横向地层结构、构造及其空间分布。回顾浅地层地震剖面探测技术的发展历程,基于湖泊地震相解释的原理,其在湖泊水位、湖泊古地质活动、湖盆形态演变等研究中已有一定的应用,初显了浅地层地震剖面探测技术在晚更新世以来湖泊沉积研究中的独特优势。近期,与RS和GIS技术结合,实现了湖泊沉积2D和3D可视化。湖泊水浅、植物多、浮泥厚等因素影响反射波与图像质量,浅地层地震剖面探测技术在硬件设备、数据采集时的参数设置及数据后处理软件功能完善等方面,仍有待提高。     

石油系统Re-Os同位素体系封闭性研究进展

Re-Os同位素定年在石油生成及富有机质沉积岩的绝对定年方面取得了良好的应用效果,并且石油的Os同位素初始值还可以作为油源示踪的指标。分析了Re-Os同位素定年方法在富有机质体系中应用的原理,探讨了影响同位素体系封闭性的各种因素,指出熟化作用、生物降解及水洗作用、脱沥青作用不会影响Re-Os同位素体系的封闭性,而硫酸盐热化学还原作用、成矿流体作用及幔源岩浆混染会扰动Re-Os同位素体系。目前石油系统中Re-Os同位素研究存在的主要问题可归结为2个方面:1石油系统有机质中Re-Os同位素的地球化学行为;2Re-Os同位素年龄的精度及其指示意义。对于这2个方面,开展有机相及现代海藻与Re-Os同位素相关性的研究将有助于了解Re和Os在有机质中的具体富集形式;对控制Re-Os同位素分馏的因素(如沉积环境及有机质类型)的研究将会有助于鉴别哪些地层以及什么样的样品能用来进行Re-Os定年。     

Detrital zircon constraints on late Paleozoic tectonism of the Bogda region(NW China) in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Chinese North Tianshan(CNTS) in the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) has undergone multistage accretion-collision processes during Paleozoic time,which remain controversial.This study addresses this issue by tracing the provenance of Late Paleozoic sedimentary successions from the Bogda Mountain in the eastern CNTS through U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses of detrital zircons.New detrital zircon U-Pb ages(N=519) from seven samples range from 261±4 Ma to 2827±32 Ma.The most prominent age peak is at 313 Ma and subordinate ages vary from 441 Ma to 601 Ma,with some Precambrian detrital zircon ages(～7%) lasting from 694 Ma to 1024 Ma.The youngest age components in each sample yielded weighted mean ages ranging from 272±9 Ma to 288±5 Ma,representing the maximum depositional ages.These and literature data indicate that some previously-assumed "Carboniferous"strata in the Bogda area were deposited in the Early Permian,including the Qijiaojing,Julideneng,Shaleisaierke,Yangbulake,Shamaershayi,Liushugou,Qijiagou,and Aoertu formations.The low maturity of the sandstones,zircon morphology and provenance analyses indicate a proximal sedimentation probably sourced from the East Junggar Arc and the Harlik-Dananhu Arc in the CNTS.The minor Precambrian detrital zircons are interpreted as recycled materials from the older strata in the Harlik-Dananhu Arc.Zircon E_(Hf)(t) values have increased since ～408 Ma,probably reflecting a tectonic transition from regional compression to extension.This event might correspond to the opening of the Bogda intraarc/back arc rift basin,possibly resulting from a slab rollback during the northward subduction of the North Tianshan Ocean.A decrease of zircon ε_(Hf)(t) values at ～300 Ma was likely caused by the cessation of oceanic subduction and subsequent collision,which implies that the North Tianshan Ocean closed at the end of the Late Carboniferous.     

An edible fruit from the Jurassic of China

Frugivory is an important ecological tie between animals and angiosperms. It plays an important role in the evolution of food webs and energy flow networks in the ecosystem. However, little is known about how old this relationship can be due to lack of relevant fossil evidence. Here, the authors report a fossil fruit, Jurafructus gen. nov., a putative angiosperm from the Middle–Late Jurassic (>164 Ma) of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China, which provides the currently earliest evidence of frugivory. The fossil is a more or less three-dimensionally preserved coalified drupe that has been damaged by animals in two different ways. The pericarp, in addition to the seed coat surrounding parenchyma seed contents, is suggestive of an angiospermous affinity, as such a 3+3 structure is distinct from a three-layered seed coat in gymnosperms. The seed possesses a distal micropyle, attached on the base of the pericarp, suggestive of a former orthotropous ovule in the gynoecium. The damaged pericarp of Jurafructus suggests that frugivory can be dated back to the Middle–Late Jurassic. Apparently, the ecological relationship between angiosperms and animals extends deep into the fossil record.     

羌塘盆地巴青地区上三叠统巴贡组沉积相及其对油气等资源的控制

羌塘盆地是青藏高原上最大的中生代海相沉积盆地,富含烃源岩和蒸发岩,也是中国油气勘探重要的场所之一。巴青地区的上三叠统巴贡组沉积相研究不仅能为特提斯洋的演化提供佐证,而且为羌塘盆地油气和钾盐资源勘探提供理论依据和实践指导。本文对巴青地区上三叠统巴贡组的古生物、沉积构造、岩石组合分析,结果表明:研究区主要发育障壁岛沉积体系下的潟湖相、潮坪相、三角洲相沉积相以及10种亚相。晚三叠世巴贡期,研究区是一个由北(巴青—索县)向南(班—怒缝合带)变深的伸展背景下的陆缘海沉积环境。     

中生代盆地演化及其对大别造山带碰撞造山的指示意义

The Dabie orogenic belt underwent deep subduc-tion of continent, rapid exhumation, and huge amount of erosion during the Mesozoic. Its tectonic evolution, especially how that was recorded in sedimentary ba-sins at the flanks of the Dabie orogenic belt is one of the most important issues. The overall distribution of different basin types in the orogenic belt indicates that shortening and thrusting at the margins of the orogenic belt from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous controlled the foreland basins, and extension, doming and rifting were initiated in the core of the orogenic belt from the Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, and were expanded to the whole orogenic belt after the Late Cretaceous.