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1.
In order to understand the process of surface erosion and acquire basic data of conditions on hillslope without vege tation, a sprinkling experiment is conducted on a bare slope in Mt. Tanakami in the central part of Japan. Based on the mea surements of runoff, mean soil erosion depth, and sediment yield, etc. , the results suggest the following characteristics in the process of surface erosion in the experimental area. (1) The occurrence of sediment discharge is interrupted; (2) Surface runoff is a saturated overland flow; (3) The mean soil erosion depth is thick compared with other areas in Mt. Tanakami;(4) Sediment discharge process is detachment- limited. 相似文献
2.
Long-range sidescan sonar can be used to map sediment distributions over wide expanses of deep ocean floor. Seven acoustic facies that arise from differing sediment or rock types have been mapped over the low-relief Saharan continental rise and Madeira abyssal plain. These have been calibrated with sampling, profiling and camera studies and the facies can be traced confidently on a regional scale using the sidescan data. The mapping of the sediment distribution shows that a complex interplay of turbidity current and debris flow processes can occur at a continental rise/abysaal plain transition over 1000 km from the nearest continental slope. 相似文献
3.
Evaluation of geochemical impact of tsunami on Pichavaram mangrove ecosystem,southeast coast of India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The 26 December 2004-tsunami has deposited sediments in the Pichavaram mangrove ecosystem, east coast of India. Ten surface
and three core sediment samples were collected within 30 days of the event and analyzed for nutrients. Water samples were
also analyzed to see the impact of tsunami on the geochemical behavior of nutrients. An increase in the concentration of various
nutrients namely nitrate and phosphate was observed. The geochemistry of the mangrove forest was observed to be influenced
by a number of factors like rapid increase of aquaculture farms, agricultural practices and the anthropogenic discharge from
the nearby-inhabited areas. Further the sediment column was disturbed due to energetic tsunami waves, which has caused a sheer
increase in the dissolved oxygen in water. As a result, the change in the redox potential has resulted in change in the nutrients
absorbed/associated with the sediments. In addition, role of retreating water after tsunami on the nutrient geochemistry was
also evaluated. 相似文献
4.
Praxedes Muñoz Javier Sellanes Carina Lange Maritza Palma 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,75(3):586-602
We estimated monthly fluxes of 210Pb in shelf sediments beneath a high productivity area off central-southern Chile (36°S) during 1 year (September 2002-August 2003). Sediment cores were obtained using a multiple corer and were analyzed mainly for 210Pb, total pigments, and macrofauna abundance. The 210Pb inventories and fluxes were estimated for surface sediments (0-5 cm) and bioturbation coefficients were inferred using chlorophyll-a (reactive) profiles. In general, 210Pb content was inversely correlated with phytodetritus fluxes. High photosynthetic pigment contents in surface sediments were consistently associated with lower 210Pb contents. Macrofaunal activity responded to oxygen and organic matter supplies at the sediment surface, generally concentrated in the first centimeters, but particularly so during months of high organic matter fluxes and deficient bottom water oxygen conditions. At this study site, several processes involved in the 210Pb surface distribution make it difficult to accurately estimate ages at the surface. We postulate that the organic fluxes promote changes in the faunal activity, which, in combination with sediment resuspension and water circulation over the shelf, produce seasonal variations in the 210Pb inventories. 相似文献
5.
D. Prandle 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,61(1):1-26
For strongly tidal, funnel-shaped estuaries, we examine how tides and river flows determine size and shape. We also consider how long it takes for bathymetric adjustment, both to determine whether present-day bathymetry reflects prevailing forcing and how rapidly changes might occur under future forcing scenarios.Starting with the assumption of a 'synchronous' estuary (i.e., where the sea surface slope resulting from the axial gradient in phase of tidal elevation significantly exceeds the gradient in tidal amplitude ), an expression is derived for the slope of the sea bed. Thence, by integration we derive expressions for the axial depth profile and estuarine length, L, as a function of and D, the prescribed depth at the mouth. Calculated values of L are broadly consistent with observations. The synchronous estuary approach enables a number of dynamical parameters to be directly calculated and conveniently illustrated as functions of and D, namely: current amplitude Û, ratio of friction to inertia terms, estuarine length, stratification, saline intrusion length, flushing time, mean suspended sediment concentration and sediment in-fill times.Four separate derivations for the length of saline intrusion, LI, all indicate a dependency on (Uo is the residual river flow velocity and f is the bed friction coefficient). Likely bathymetries for `mixed' estuaries can be delineated by mapping, against and D, the conditions LI/L<1,EX/L<1 (EX is the tidal excursion) alongside the Simpson-Hunter criteria D/U3<50 m−2 s3. This zone encompasses 24 out of 25 `randomly' selected UK estuaries.However, the length of saline intrusion in a funnel-shaped estuary is also sensitive to axial location. Observations suggest that this location corresponds to a minimum in landward intrusion of salt. By combining the derived expressions for L and LI with this latter criterion, an expression is derived relating Di, the depth at the centre of the intrusion, to the corresponding value of Uo. This expression indicates Uo is always close to 1 cm s−1, as commonly observed. Converting from Uo to river flow, Q, provides a morphological expression linking estuarine depth to Q (with a small dependence on side slope gradients).These dynamical solutions are coupled with further generalised theory related to depth and time-mean, suspended sediment concentrations (as functions of and D). Then, by assuming the transport of fine marine sediments approximates that of a dissolved tracer, the rate of estuarine supply can be determined by combining these derived mean concentrations with estimates of flushing time, FT, based on LI. By further assuming that all such sediments are deposited, minimum times for these deposition rates to in-fill estuaries are determined. These times range from a decade for the shortest, shallowest estuaries to upwards of millennia in longer, deeper estuaries with smaller tidal ranges. 相似文献
6.
The early diagenesis of trace elements (V, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ba, U) in anoxic sediments of the Achterwasser, a shallow lagoon in the non-tidal Oder estuary in the Baltic Sea, was investigated in the context of pyrite formation. The dissolved major redox parameters show a two-tier distribution with transient signals in the occasionally re-suspended fluid mud layer (FM) and a permanently established diagenetic sequence in the sediment below. Intense microbial respiration leads to rapid depletion of O2 within the uppermost mm of the FM. The reduction zones of Mn, Fe and sulfate overlap in the FM and in the permanently anoxic sediment section which appears to be a typical feature of estuarine sediments, under low-sulfate conditions. Degrees of pyritization (DOP) range from 50% in the FM to remarkably high values > 90% at 50 cm depth. Pyrite formation at the sediment surface is attributed to the reaction of Fe-monosulfides with intermediate sulfur species via the polysulfide pathway. By contrast, intense pyritization in the permanently anoxic sediment below is attributed to mineral growth via adsorption of aqueous Fe-sulfide complexes onto pyrite crystals which had originally formed in the surface layer.The studied trace elements show differential behavior patterns which are closely coupled to the diagenetic processes described above: (i) Zn, Cu and Cd are liberated from organic matter in the thin oxic layer of the sediment and diffuse both upwards across the sediment/water boundary and downwards to be trapped as monosulfides, (ii) V, Cr, Co and As are released during reductive dissolution of Mn- and Fe-oxyhydroxides, (iii) U removal from pore water occurs concomitantly to Fe reduction in the FM and is attributed to reduction of U(VI) to U(IV), (iv) the Ba distribution is controlled by reductive dissolution of authigenic barite in the sulfate reduction zone coupled with upward diffusion and re-precipitation. The incorporation of trace elements into pyrite is most intense for Co, Mn and As, intermediate for Cu and Cr and little to negligible for U, Zn, Cd, V and Ba. The observed trend is largely in agreement with previous studies and may be explained with differing rates for ligand exchange. Slow and fast ligand exchange and thus precipitation kinetics are also displayed by downcore increasing (Mn, Cr, Co and As) or constantly low (Zn, Cu, Cd) pore water concentrations. The downward increasing degrees of trace metal pyritization (DTMP) for Co, Cu, Zn and As are, in analogy to pyrite growth, assigned to adsorption of sulfide complexes or As oxyanions onto preexisting pyrite minerals. 相似文献
7.
海沧邻近海域表层沉积物中重矿物研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对厦门海沧邻近海域表层沉积物中的重矿物(0.063~0.125mm粒级)进行了分析和研究,结果表明该粒级的重矿物共计49种,其优势和特征矿物为磁铁矿、赤铁矿、褐铁矿、绿帘石、铁铁矿、角闪石、锆石、红柱石等;重矿物的平均质量分数为9.56%;根据重矿物的分布和含量,并结合主要标志矿物的颗粒百分含量和分布特征,将该海域划分为5个矿物组合区,根据各区的矿物组合类型分析了该海域的物质来源及影响重矿物分布和组合的因素,进而探讨了九龙江河口湾和厦门西港海湾的沉积环境。 相似文献
8.
大亚湾海域锥状斯氏藻赤潮及其与孢囊的关系 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
用沉积物捕捉器取样,研究了大亚湾海域2000年6~9月孢囊(Cyst)种群动态,同时 分析了浮游植物种群动态。研究期间(8~9月)该海域发生了一起大规模的锥状斯氏藻赤潮。 赤潮前一个月,锥状斯氏藻孢囊的平均日形成率为2.05× 105cysts/(m2·d),丰度为50.22%, 该时期以有性生殖产生的静止期孢囊为主;在赤潮盛期的8,9月初,孢囊的平均日形成率达到 2.01 ×106cysts/(m2·d),丰度为96.97%,此时期的孢囊多为营养细胞所形成的暂时性孢囊; 赤潮结束后,由于环境条件的恶化,暂时性孢囊的形成达到高峰,平均日形成率为1.24×l07 cysts/( m2·d),丰度为99.53%。结果表明大亚湾丰富的孢囊是潜在的种源(Seed bed),2000年 的夏季、秋李持续高温(>25℃),台风减少及风力减弱等有利锥状斯氏藻的环境条件诱发孢 囊萌发,开始了该种类的赤潮。 相似文献
9.
本文对菊花岛海区沉积物类型,重矿物和粘土矿物组合分区及其分布特征进行了分析,同时对测区沉积物来源进行探讨。 相似文献
10.