An hexahedrite meteorite from the Campo del Cielo Fall

Aimed to clarify the shower of Campo del Cielo with respect to the presence of a large number of hexahedrites in the shower of Campo del Cielo, we have studied a piece that belongs to the Campo del Cielo meteorite Fall by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), chemical analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), and optical metallography. The studies showed that it is an HIIA iron hexahedrite meteorite of 94.6 wt% Fe, 5.4 wt% Ni and 370 ppm of C, consisting of a kamacite matrix with small inclusions of iron-nickel phosphides. We have found Neumann bands differentiated from scarce taenite streaks and found that taenite is a path walk for corrosion. We also mention the approximate present localization of some of the principal pieces of the fall.     

南极GRV 022888和GRV 052408橄辉无球粒陨石的岩石矿物学特征及成因探讨

主要介绍GRV 022888和GRV 052408两块南极陨石的岩相学和矿物化学特征,并在此基础上探讨其成因。GRV 052408陨石主要由橄榄石(~60 vol%)和辉石(~35 vol%)组成,含少量富碳质填隙物(~5 vol%);而GRV022888陨石基本由橄榄石(~98 vol%)构成,仅有很少量辉石,富碳质不透明填隙物含量也较低(~2 vol%)。这两块陨石中的橄榄石都可以见到明显的核部富铁边部富镁的反环带结构。结合岩相学和矿物化学特征,将它们划分为单矿Ⅰ型橄辉无球粒陨石。根据橄榄石-易变辉石-熔体温度计,计算得到两块陨石的形成温度在1 220℃左右。我们的研究结果支持橄辉无球粒陨石为球粒陨石质母体部分熔融后的残余物成因假说。     

Lunar impact breccias: petrology,crater setting,and bombardment history of the Moon

Two general classes of lunar impact breccias have been recognised: fragmental breccias and melt breccias. Fragmental breccias are composed of clastic-rock debris in a finely comminuted grain-supported matrix of mineral and lithic fragments. Impact melt breccias have crystalline to glassy matrices that formed by cooling of a silicate melt. Most lunar impact breccias in our collection probably sample ejecta from large complex craters or multi-ring basins, although linking individual breccias to specific impact events has proven surprisingly difficult. A long-standing problem in lunar science has been distinguishing clast-poor impact melt breccias from igneous rocks produced by melting of the lunar interior. Concentrations and relative abundances of highly siderophile elements derived from the meteoritic impactor provide a useful discriminant, especially when combined with petrologic and geochemical evidence for mechanical mixing. Most lunar impact melt breccias have crystallisation ages of 4.0?–?3.8 Ga, corresponding to an episode of intensive crustal metamorphism recorded by whole-rock U?–?Pb isotopic compositions of lunar anorthosites. This may reflect a short-lived spike in the cratering rate, although other explanations are possible. The question of whether or not a cataclysmic bombardment struck the Earth and Moon at ca 3.9 Ga remains open and the subject of continuing investigations.     

陨石中铼锇同位素化学分离过程的几个重要影响因素

本文针对陨石中铼锇同位素比值高精度测定,选取6块不同类型的普通球粒陨石（吉林陨石、信阳陨石、武安陨石、肇东陨石、河北陨石、荷叶塘陨石）和两块铁陨石（南丹铁陨石和T-5）进行预处理和化学过程的一些条件实验。实验结果表明,陨石金属表面的锈迹清洗使用1M的HCl效果更佳;对于样品溶解,逆王水溶解效果比浓硝酸好,高温溶样熔解彻底,常温状态下仅能溶解出约30%的陨石样品中的Os;微蒸馏二次纯化可提高Os测定信号的稳定性和精度;稀释剂的浓度及加入量应与样品匹配,且达到平衡状态是高精度和高准确度的保障;普通球粒陨石取样范围在0.1g-0.3g (即样品中Os的绝对含量为100ng)即可获取最佳信号强度和精度;本次实验全流程空白Os可控制至0.5~81pg,Re可控制至4～77pg采用同位素稀释法,当187Os/188Os比值的精度最小可至4ppm（n=120,2se）。     

南极月球陨石EET96008矿物学和岩石学特征

EET 96008是一块发现于南极Elephant地区的玄武岩质角砾岩月球陨石。本文对该陨石的矿物岩石学特征进行了详细的观察和描述。EET 96008具有典型的碎屑结构,其角砾浑圆度低,角砾大小一般为0.1-2mm,它主要由角砾（50.2vol%）和基质（49.8vol%）组成,该陨石角砾类型多样：（1）晶屑：主要为辉石、橄榄石、长石以及石英;（2）岩屑：主要为变粒岩岩屑、基性岩岩屑、苏长岩质斜长岩岩屑;（3）玻屑：主要为斜长岩质。基质和角砾在颗粒上是连续过渡的,基质主要是由粒度小于0.1mm的矿物碎屑和玻屑组成。该陨石辉石类型多样,成分变化大Fs18.0-58.0Wo3.9-45.2En3.5-79.1,出溶现象普遍,出溶条纹达到1μm宽;橄榄石中Fa值主要分为两个区域,Fa50-70以及Fa80-95,铁含量较高,平均Fa71.8;长石成分以钙长石为主（An84.9-97.9）,部分斜长石已熔长石化。该陨石与QUE 94281同为月球玄武岩质角砾岩,在结构及矿物组成上具有类似性,但是在岩屑类型及橄榄石矿物成分上存在着明显不同,为非成对陨石,且源区可能不同。EET 96008具有三个典型的冲击暗化区域,有大量的玻璃质以及冲击熔融囊的产生,冲击程度达到S5以上。该陨石在冲击作用下,富铁辉石分解产生钙铁辉石-铁橄榄石-石英,该现象为了解月球表面冲击历史提供了重要的科学依据。     

The Braunschweig meteorite − a recent L6 chondrite fall in Germany

On April 23rd 2013 at 2:07 a.m., a 1.3 kg meteorite fell in the Braunschweig suburb Melverode (52° 13′ 32.19″ N. 10° 31′ 11.60″ E). Its estimated velocity was 250 km/h and it formed an impact pit in the concrete fall site with a diameter of 7 cm and a depth of 3 cm. Radial dust striae are present around the impact pit. As a result of the impact, the meteorite disintegrated into several hundred fragments with masses up to 214 g. The meteorite is a typical L6 chondrite, moderately shocked (S4) – but with a remarkably high porosity (up to 20 vol%). The meteorite was ejected from its parent body as an object with a radius of about 10–15 cm (15–50 kg). The U,Th-He gas retention age of ∼550 Ma overlaps with the main impact event on the L-chondrite parent body ∼470 Ma ago that is recorded by many shocked L chondrites. The preferred cosmic-ray exposure age derived from production of radionuclides and noble gas isotopes is (6.0 ± 1.3) Ma.     

Re-Os同位素体系在陨石研究中的应用

铁陨石中的Re ,Os含量反映其结晶分异历史。通过铁陨石定年修正187Re的衰变常数为 :λ(187Re) =1 6 6 6× 10 -11a-1。ReOs同位素测年法可以直接用于对铁陨石的定年 ,结果表明天然铁陨石大体同时形成 ,但ReOs定年技术已有可能揭示不同化学群铁陨石形成年代的序列 ,但研究尚需深入。这些方法也可以用来探讨铁陨石和石铁陨石的形成源区、冷却历史和后期变化。虽然在石陨石中Re ,Os同位素的浓度很低 ,但也有了探索性研究成果。随着技术的不断发展 ,ReOs同位素体系在天体化学中的作用将愈加明显和重要。     

南极格罗夫山陨石岩石学特征Ⅱ:平衡型普通球粒陨石

我国第16次南极科考队回收的28块陨石中,除1块火星陨石、1块HED陨石和6块非平衡L3型陨石外,其余20块为平衡型普通球粒陨石。根据橄榄石的平均Fa值、低Ca辉石的平均Fs值和Fe-Ni金属含量将这20块陨石分别划分为H、L和LL等化学群;根据球粒结构、基质重结晶程度和矿物成分对这些陨石进行岩石类型的划分。由于平衡型普通球粒陨石已达热力学平衡,橄榄石和低Ca辉石的成分相当均一,并且平均Fa和Fs值均与陨石的含Fe总量呈很好的反比关系,因此橄榄石平均Fa值和低钙辉石平均Fs值是平衡型陨石重要的化学群分类标准。20块平衡型普通球粒陨石的化学-岩石类型为:6个H群(3个H4、1个H5和2个H6)、9个L群(3个L4、1个L5和5个L6)和5个LL群(2个LL4、3个LL5)。     

天然辉石中缺陷结构的观察

利用高分辨电子显微术研究了陨石和地幔岩中辉石的超微结构,观察并发现了多种畸变结构现象。清镇和吉林陨石顽火辉石中的斜顽辉石受冲击作用,SiO_3链发生弯曲甚至断裂并沿a轴方向错动36的距离,同时还有(100)扭转晶界形成,不同类型的SiO_3链相互转变形成了(001)90°和180°畴结构。单斜辉石中则有(100)层错和孪晶及其有关的缺陷。     

河北蓟县常州沟组宇宙尘落地年龄

河北蓟县常州沟组铁质宇宙尘,形状多样,具气印、球粒、壳层和骸晶等多种结构。含钴、富硅、低镍。由磁铁矿、方铁矿、铁纹石、铁橄榄石等矿物组成,属陨石消融型。~(40)As/~(39)Ar阶段加热年龄谱呈单调上升型式,给出1670Ma形成年龄和170Ma热扰动时代。