山西省防震减灾法制建设与依法行政

0引言山西是全国地震活动频繁、地震灾害最严重的省份之一,历史上一次死亡5 000人以上的地震就有8次。全省77%的国土面积、70%的国民生产总值和60%的人口处于地震高烈度区,震情也就是山西的省情。在西部大开发和中部崛起中,地震部门应该首先强化机遇意识、发展意识、大局意识和     

Unified scaling theory for distributions of temporal and spatial characteristics in seismology

The paper describes the unified scaling theory for distribution functions of temporal and spatial characteristics in seismology. It is based on the scaling of seismological characteristics calculated for various energy–spatial–temporal intervals. The common mathematical methods for the scaling of distribution functions are developed. The means to test possibility of such scaling are found as well. The relationship between the unified scaling theory and other present scaling approaches is determined. The theory is applied to two characteristics of different seismoactive regions. The first characteristic is the waiting time between earthquakes ΔT, the second one is a new space parameter ΔD_min, which is the minimum distance of a current seismic event to the nearest (in space) neighbor in an energy–spatial–temporal interval. The distribution of the characteristics ΔT and ΔD_min allows estimating the time interval to the next earthquake and the distance of the following earthquake from previous earthquakes. Thus, these characteristics are very important for seismic hazard estimations. Scaling of distributions functions is proven to be successful for ΔD_min in all energy–spatial–temporal intervals and for ΔT with variations of energy/magnitude range. The distribution function of ΔT for various time domains was stable in only 60% of the cases, and near to unstable for spatial variations.     

川中下侏罗统致密灰岩储层裂缝的主控因素与发育规律

天然裂缝是致密油储层重要的储集空间和主要的渗透通道,影响致密油气成藏、富集规律、单井产能及其开发效果。本文利用野外相似露头、岩心、薄片及成像测井资料,在研究四川盆地中部下侏罗统致密灰岩储层裂缝类型和发育特征的基础上,阐明了其裂缝分布的主控因素与发育规律。四川盆地中部下侏罗统致密灰岩储层普遍发育构造裂缝和成岩裂缝,其中以高角度构造剪切裂缝为主,大部分裂缝为有效裂缝。在同一区域应力场作用下,构造裂缝的分布主要受岩性、层厚及构造的控制。其中灰岩中裂缝最发育,随着泥质含量的增加,泥质灰岩、灰质泥岩和泥岩的裂缝密度依次降低。总体上,随着灰岩层厚的增加,裂缝间距增大,裂缝发育程度降低。大安寨致密灰岩储层可以分为4 种组合模式,不同组合模式的裂缝发育程度存在明显的差异,其中单层厚度为4～8 m 的介壳灰岩与单层厚度小于5 m 的泥页岩互层是形成裂缝的有利条件。不同构造部位的裂缝分布亦存在差异,其中断裂带附近与背斜轴部和转折端等构造高部位是裂缝发育的有利区域。     

Quantitative tests for stratigraphic cyclicity

Periodic Milankovitch (M-) orbital forcing provides an explanation for subjectively recognized short-term repetition of lithofacies-‘cycles’-in the stratigraphic record. Tests of this explanation often find no order in the lithofacies and/or no regularity in the recurrence of lithofacies. This does not disprove the influence of M-forcing, but a sedimentary response in terms of irregular M-forced ‘cycles’ is indistinguishable from one in which repetition of facies is not M-forced. Use of such cycles in time calibration is correspondingly suspect. Stricter, dimensional cyclicity invokes Sander's Rule, which suggests periodicity in sedimentation, for which M-forcing provides an obvious explanation. Time calibration on the basis of strict cyclicity thus appears more dependable. Objective tests for regular M-forced stratigraphic cyclicity commonly depend upon spectral analyses. Such tests are not unambiguous. Bilogarithmic thickness/frequency plots derived from objective layer thickness inventories (LTI) provide an alternative. Commonly, such plots show power-law relationships that preclude dimensional M-cyclicities. By contrast, a model data series that perfectly encodes the M-cyclic fluctuations in terrestrial insolation generates a strongly inflected, non-power-law LTI plot. Power-law plots result where the model data series is decimated by random hiatuses, with numbers and durations tuned to M-cycle frequencies. It seems improbable that natural data series record such tuning. The general absence of strict cyclicity in the M-frequency range is more likely to reflect the nonlinear response of sedimentary systems to cyclic M-forcing of insolation. Interestingly, when applied to the classically cyclic lacustrine Triassic sediments of the Newark Basin, USA, the LTI test suggests a decimated record, preserving some evidence of M-cyclicity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fetch Limited Drag Coefficients

Measurements made at a tower located 2 km off the coast of Denmark inshallow water during the Risø Air Sea Experiment (RASEX) are analyzedto investigate the behaviour of the drag coefficient in the coastal zone.For a given wind speed, the drag coefficient is larger during conditions ofshort fetch (2-5 km) off-shore flow with younger growing waves than it isfor longer fetch (15-25 km) on-shore flow. For the strongest on-shorewinds, wave breaking enhances the drag coefficient. Variation of the neutral drag coefficient in RASEX is dominated byvariation of wave age, frequency bandwidth of the wave spectra and windspeed. The frequency bandwidth is proportional to the broadness of the waveheight spectra and is largest during conditions of light wind speeds. Usingthe RASEX data, simple models of the drag coefficient and roughness length are developed in terms of wind speed, wave age and bandwidth. An off-shoreflow model of the drag coefficient in terms of nondimensional fetch isdeveloped for situations when the wave state is not known.     

贵州西部玄武岩型铜矿成矿规律研究

为打开贵州西部寻找玄武岩型铜矿的新局面,本文通过对玄武岩型铜矿成矿规律进行系统的分析研究,并结合前人的研究成果,为在贵州西部玄武岩分布区寻找玄武岩型铜矿提供理论基础。     

诸广山棉花坑铀矿深部矿化特征及找矿前景

有利的地质构造背景和深部构造环境、多期次构造岩浆活动和蚀变叠加、成群成组的成矿构造带以及花岗岩丰富的铀源等优越的成矿条件,使诸广山地区成为花岗岩型铀矿有利成矿区。通过分析棉花坑铀矿床舍矿构造带、热液脉体及物质组成、热液成分、矿石矿物及蚀变等在垂向上的变化规律以及深部矿化特征,说明区内深部有较大的找矿潜力。     

玄武岩的大地构造岩石化学特征与判别的初步研究

本文用地洼学说的大地构造观点,对与地壳演化的深部作用有密切关系的玄武岩类岩石的一些岩石化学数据进行研究,指出反映深部作用差异的地槽、地台、地洼三阶段玄武岩时空分布的三个高峰,揭示出三阶段玄武岩类岩石,总的存在由拉斑玄武岩系列→钙碱性玄武岩系列→碱性玄武岩系列的演化规律,以及三阶段玄武岩浆源的深度有逐渐加深的趋势。最后提出了一个较简明的判别不同大地构造属性玄武岩的岩石化学标志图。