准噶尔盆地西泉地区石炭系火山岩型油藏形成及分布

准噶尔盆地西泉地区在构造上位于北三台凸起西斜坡,是有利油气聚集区。虽然已取得了一些勘探成果,但该区油藏控制因素复杂,纵横向分布规律认识不清,致使探明程度低、勘探难度大。利用钻井、测井、录井、试油、岩芯分析化验等资料,结合地震资料,查明了该区石炭系储层岩石学特征、储层特征。研究结果表明:西泉地区石炭系火山岩主要为火山熔岩类、火山碎屑岩类;火山岩储层物性北部较差,南部较好,有利储层主要是喷发相火山角砾岩、溢流相安山岩、英安岩等。该区油藏分布的主要控制因素:1)垂向上油藏主要分布于风化壳附近; 2)岩性的侧向变化控制了油藏的平面分布范围; 3)不整合面的发育与油藏的分布关系密切。进一步阐明了研究区油藏的分布规律,油气主要聚集于不整合面附近,且呈北东南西向条带状分布。油层的纵向分布与不整合面的风化淋滤带的深度有关,南北差异较大,储层的非均质性影响油藏的连片分布。     

城市热岛效应的影响机理及其作用规律——以上海市为例

以上海市为例,从土地利用规模和强度的变化、类型和布局的变化、利用方式的变化三个方面揭示其对热岛效应的影响机理;实证分析结果表明：（1）土地城市化是上海城市热岛强度的主要影响因素;就建成区扩张对热岛强度的具体影响而言,累积效应大于其增量效应;（2）工业化、房地产开发、人口增长对上海城市热岛强度均具有较大的影响;就经济发展和能源消耗对城市热岛强度的具体影响而言,密度效应通常大于其规模效应;就全社会房屋竣工面积、20 层以上高层建筑数量对热岛强度的影响而言,累积效应小于增量效应;就人口增长对城市热岛强度的具体影响而言,密度效应与规模效应大体相近;（3）土地利用和城市发展模式的差异导致了城市热岛效应的空间差异。     

粒度与岩石流变相关性研究进展

粒度对岩石的粘度、应变率和流变机制及转换具有重要的影响。在相同条件下,粒度越大,粘度越高。在粒度灵敏性变形中,粒度的变化有时对岩石应变率的影响也是显著的。大部分天然岩石是由不同粒度的矿物颗粒组成,不同粒度的颗粒在变形中可能受不同的变形机制控制,包含粒度分布参数的复合流动律改进了人们对天然岩石流变性的认识。岩石的变形过程同时也是粒度的不断修正过程,粒度的演化具有稳态化的趋势。     

地物化综合方法在危机矿山成矿预测中的应用——以山东沂南金矿为例

山东沂南金矿床是鲁西地区典型的夕卡岩型矿床,历经50余年的开采,后备资源储量严重不足。文章借助危机矿山矿产预测项目,在成矿系统理论指导下,通过对已有资料二次开发,深入分析了矿床成矿地质条件和控矿因素,总结了成矿规律。并在大比例尺路线地质调查和地质填图的基础上,在矿区外围选定了2个预测靶区,结合有针对性的地、物、化等综合方法进行了成矿预测,经钻孔验证于不整合面发现工业矿体,为矿山开辟了新的接替资源基地,有效延长了矿山服务年限。2个预测靶区验证钻孔成功见矿,尤其是不整合面见矿的事实,不仅表明沂南金矿深、边部巨大的成矿潜力,对指导沂南金矿深部、外围乃至鲁西地区找矿勘探具有重要意义。     

THE FORMULATION OF FIDELITY SCHEMES OF PHYSICAL CONSERVATION LAWS AND IMPROVEMENTS ON A TRADITIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL OF BAROCLINIC PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS FOR NUMERICAL PREDICTION

In this paper,two formulation theorems of time-difference fidelity schemes for generalquadratic and cubic physical conservation laws are respectively constructed and proved,with earliermajor conserving time-discretized schemes given as special cases.These two theorems can providenew mathematical basis for solving basic formulation problems of more types of conservative time-discrete fidelity schemes,and even for formulating conservative temporal-spatial discrete fidelityschemes by combining existing instantly conserving space-discretized schemes.Besides.the twotheorems can also solve two large categories of problems about linear and nonlinear computationalinstability.The traditional global spectral-vertical finite-difference semi-implicit model for baroclinicprimitive equations is currently used in many countries in the world for operational weatherforecast and numerical simulations of general circulation.The present work,however,based onTheorem 2 formulated in this paper,develops and realizes a high-order total energy conservingsemi-implicit time-difference fidelity scheme for global spectral-vertical finite-difference model ofbaroclinic primitive equations.Prior to this,such a basic formulation problem remains unsolved forlong,whether in terms of theory or practice.The total energy conserving semi-implicit schemeformulated here is applicable to real data long-term numerical integration.The experiment of thirteen FGGE data 30-day numerical integration indicates that the newtype of total energy conserving semi-implicit fidelity scheme can surely modify the systematicdeviation of energy and mass conserving of the traditional scheme.It should be particularly notedthat,under the experiment conditions of the present work,the systematic errors induced by theviolation of physical laws of conservation in the time-discretized process regarding the traditionalscheme designs(called type Z errors for short)can contribute up to one-third of the totalsystematic root-mean-square(RMS)error at the end of second week of the integration and exceedone half of the total amount four weeks afterwards.In contrast,by realizing a total energyconserving semi-implicit fidelity scheme and thereby eliminating corresponding type Z errors,roughly an average of one-fourth of the RMS errors in the traditional forecast cases can be reducedat the end of second week of the integration,and averagely more than one-third reduced at integraltime of four weeks afterwards.In addition,experiment results also reveal that,in a sense,theeffects of type Z errors are no less great than that of the real topographic forcing of the model.The prospects of the new type of total energy conserving fidelity schemes are very encouraging.     

黑河流域陆地-大气相互作用研究的几点思考

陆地和大气之间是相互作用、相互影响的,不仅陆面分布与地表过程对大气变化有着响应过程,而且陆面物理过程、地表特征分布对大气过程也有着重要影响。我国西北地区地形分布极不均匀,是水资源变化和气候变化的敏感区与脆弱地区。这里,由于海拔高度起伏造就了以水为主线的上游山区冰雪、冻土—中游森林、绿洲—下游戈壁荒漠的多个自然景观带共存的内陆河流域,是开展陆—气相互作用研究的理想场所。文章集中黑河流域水循环过程、冰雪/冻土与大气相互作用、降水异质性、人类活动影响以及尺度等问题,阐述了流域研究现状以及研究热点,指出发挥各学科优势,将大尺度的大气过程与中间尺度和小尺度的陆面水文/生态过程结合,建立流域尺度大气—水文—生态过程真正的双向耦合模式,不仅研究气候变化对陆面水文、生态的影响,同时探讨陆面小尺度过程对大气的反馈机理,探索流域尺度的水循环过程和驱动机理,为水资源合理利用提供理论基础。     

12起地震安全性评价管理行政执法案例特征分析

运用行政法学基本原理,结合地震安全性评价管理法律、法规,对《地震行政执法案例选编》中提供的12起地震安全性评价管理行政执法案例进行了综合统计,分析探讨了其一般特征和规律。     

滇西地区壳体大地构造单元的划分及其演化与运动特征

以壳体大地构造理论为基础,根据滇西三江地区的基本地质事实,对前人的观点进行重新认识和修正,首次提出了该区迄今最全面、最系统的壳体大地构造单元划分方案,将其细分为4个壳段,11个次级单元和3个挤压聚合带,从新的角度揭示了该区区域地质构造的时空演化规律,为区域成矿规律提供了重要的科学依据。     

Local food sovereignty for global food security? Highlighting interplay challenges

The food sovereignty movement proposes a localist approach to meeting food security while delivering broader social, economic and environmental benefits. The movement is spawning multiple local projects of food sovereignty, whereby people are empowered to define their own culturally and environmentally appropriate food systems. As the number of enacted examples increases, the movement is also affecting change at national (and international) levels, with a number of countries creating national strategies or legislation for food sovereignty. We reflect on the challenges created by such scaling up within the existing food system. We propose a focus on issues of institutional interplay in order to identify and critique challenges. We highlight three interplay situations between multiple, diverse enactments of food sovereignty at multiple levels, and between food sovereignty and the broader institutional contexts within which they are embedded.