软弱夹层底层速度对瑞利面波频散曲线的影响

文章利用快速标量传递算法进行瑞利面波频散曲线的正演计算,系统研究软弱夹层底层速度对瑞利面波频散曲线的影响,分析和总结了频率与相速度(f-c)、频率与波数(f-k)、深度与相速度(h-c)等瑞利面波基阶模曲线随软弱夹层底层速度变化的规律.     

地球进化三定律与持续发展研究

地球是个有机整体，该整体不仅在不停地运动和变化，而且还在不断地进化，这种进化有其固有的规律。当前，由人类圈和全球环境构成的现代全球系统正处在新的突变期。为此，把现代全球系统演化同地球长期进化联系起来研究，对克服全球问题和实现持续发展是十分重要的。本文主要讨论地球进化的阶梯式上升（ｓｔｅｐｐｅｄｒｉｓｅ）、循环形式递增（ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｏｆｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｍｓ）及进化与条件优化相依（ｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ）三定律，以及该三定律与持续发展的关系。     

Scaling of ground motions and its implications to plan-asymmetric structures

Ground motions are often scaled to certain convenient target spectra in the response assessment of structures. While uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) is more widely used, conditional mean spectrum (CMS) is recently proposed as a more desirable target for scaling of real accelerograms. In this backdrop, the present study spectrally scales, using wavelets, a set of near-field and far-field ground motions to both the targets, viz., UHS and CMS. Relevance of a set of useful ground motion characteristics, viz., the peak ground acceleration-to-peak velocity ratio (a_max/v_max), predominant period (T_p), Arias intensity (I_a), Housner intensity (I_H), cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) and significant duration (T_d^⁎), is reviewed. Influence of ground motion scaling is discussed in terms of possible changes of such identified parameters. Seismic demand of horizontally irregular structures is assessed under both scaled and seed records recognizing strength dependent stiffness. Threshold of the scale factor, shown to have well-correlated with the change of ground motion characteristics, may be as high as ~10 to adequately estimate torsion-induced amplification in asymmetric system without any bias.     

Statistics for Modeling Heavy Tailed Distributions in Geology: Part II. Applications

In this paper, we present three diverse types of applications of extreme value statistics in geology, namely: earthquakes magnitudes, diamond values, and impact crater size distribution on terrestrial planets. Each of these applications has a different perspective toward tail modeling, yet many of these phenomena exhibit heavy or long tails which can be modeled by power laws. It is shown that the estimation of important tail characteristics, such as the extreme value index, is directly linked to the interpretation of the underlying geological process. Only the most extreme data are useful for studying such phenomena, so thresholds must be selected above which the data become power laws. In the case of earthquake magnitudes, we investigate the use of extreme value statistics in predicting large events on the global scale and for shallow intracontinental earthquakes in Asia. Large differences are found between estimates obtained from extreme value statistics and the usually applied standard statistical techniques. In the case of diamond deposits, we investigate the impact of the most precious stones in the global valuation of primary deposits. It is shown that in the case of Pareto-type behavior, the expected value of few extreme stones in the entire deposit has considerable influence on the global valuation. In the case of impact crater distributions, we study the difference between craters distributions on Earth and Mars and distributions occurring on other planets or satellites within the solar system. A striking result is that all planets display the same distributional tail except for Earth and Mars. In a concluding account, we demonstrate the apparent loghyperbolic variation in all of the above-mentioned examples.     

中南半岛和西太平洋巨型成矿带Cu、Au矿化构造环境与成矿规律对比研究数据集

“中南半岛和西太平洋巨型成矿带铜金矿化构造环境与成矿规律对比研究”以中南半岛与西太平洋巨型成矿带为研究区域,以铜、金为主要研究矿种,在前期1∶150万东南亚中南半岛和西太平洋巨型成矿带地质矿产图件编制的基础上,充分利用国际合作,系统开展资料收集,通过对老挝、泰国、缅甸、巴布亚新几内亚等国的研究区典型矿床成矿环境、控矿因素与成矿规律的研究,结合ETM+、Hyperion、ASTER多源遥感解译,深化了成果认知并出版了中英文图件;重点剖析了老挝Cu、Au矿床,在老挝阿文矿区开展了找矿示范和钻探验证并取得了很好的找矿效果;利用MapGIS、ArcGIS技术平台,编制成矿区带成矿规律图,建立不同矿种定量评价模型和东南亚重要成矿区带金铜矿床空间数据库;利用数学建模方法开展研究区的资源潜力评价,圈定老挝、缅甸、泰国、巴布亚新几内亚等研究区不同矿种成矿远景区。该数据集不仅是对已经取得的矿产资源区划和资源潜力评价工作的整理和总结,也为科学地引导国家地质“境外”找矿（“一带一路”倡议）部署工作提供理论基础。     

某地铁车站基坑围护墙体变形规律分析

密切结合上海地铁M8线某车站工程实践，分析了基坑围护墙体的变形特征。发现在基坑施工中，利用时空效应规律，适量地减少每步开挖空间和时间并缩短每步开挖所暴露的挡墙的自由暴露时间，可以明显地减少基坑位移。科学地运用这种基坑开挖的时空效应的规律性，充分调动软土自身控制变形的潜力，可以达到科学施工控制基坑变形的目的。     

地震时空丛集的多重分形研究

为探索大地震发生的可预测性,应用分形理论并根据标准数盒子的数值计算方法,研究了华北地区历史地震和唐山地区地震活动的空间分布特征,估算了地震活动能量的分维值并研究了其多重分形谱的几何结构．初步结果显示出大地震发生前,广义维值有明显的下降过程,分形谱ｆ（α）结构有右偏现象．在低于上述时空层次的唐山地区,孕震系统也有类似特征出现．这些异常现象揭示出孕震动力系统的物理机理和激变前的某些不稳定性．     

Physics of Seismic Source Ⅱ. Mechanics of Seismic Source

An earthquake is regarded as a fracture from the viewpoint of continuum mechanics, in which stress and strain play key roles in understanding the nature of a seismic source. This review briefly outlines the mechanics of a seismic source in terms of the dislocation model and crack model. The introduction includes the Coulomb failure criterion, static stress drop, dynamic stress drop, the Griffith criterion, and the scaling of source parameters. The selection of topics in the introduction emphasizes the application of seismic data, i.e., in practice, the mechanical parameters introduced here are measurable in the interpretation and analysis of seismic waveform data.     

The Velocity Dispersion in the X-Ray Scaling Laws

We used a sample of 20 poor groups of galaxies to study the low mass tail of the relationships among the X-ray temperature T, the X-ray luminosity L_x and the optical velocity dispersion σ. We obtained redshifts for the fainter members of these groups. We find that X-ray bright groups have more members and higher velocity dispersions on average. Using the fainter group members and MonteCarlo tests, we define the number of group members required to calculate a robust velocity dispersion. There is a tendency to underestimate the group velocity dispersion for samples of fewer than∼ 10 members that introduces systematic errors in the slope of the relationships among L_x, T, and σ. A comparison with the data of Ponman and Mahdavi shows that our improved velocity dispersions provide better constraints on the relationship between the kinematics of the hot gas and galaxies in these common environments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

温州沿海地区城镇化带型发展的机制与规律

以温州乐清市为例, 对沿海地区城镇化带型发展动因机制及其规律进行了初步探讨, 揭示了城镇体系演化与交通区位变化的相关关系。通过运用城镇化综合度指标, 在研究城镇体系结构的基础上, 建立了城镇化扩展域模型, 并深入分析了一定时期城镇化带型发展与区域经济实力和人口规模之间的相关性, 对于指导城镇规划和区域土地利用优化配置的实践, 具有重要的意义