球谐函数变换快速计算扰动引力

在球谐函数变换基础上,利用新极下轨道的特殊性,在新坐标下引入Clenshaw求和计算轨道扰动引力。从理论上对比分析了传统方法、球谐函数变换方法和改进方法的计算速度和存储模型需要的物理空间。模拟试验分别采用3种方法计算了一段轨道的扰动引力,试验结果表明,改进的球谐函数变换方法比传统球谐函数变换方法计算速度可提高100倍,数据存储量仅占传统方法的3%。     

Accuracy analysis for SST gravity field model in China

Taking China as the region for test the potential of the new satellite gravity technique, satelliteto-satellite tracking for improving the accuracy of regional gravity field model is studied. With WDM94 as reference, the gravity anomaly residuals of three models, the latest two GRACE global gravity field model (EIGEN_GRACE02S, GGM02S) and EGM96, are computed and compared. The causes for the differences among the residuals of the three models are discussed. The comparison between the residuals shows that in the selected region, EIGEN_GRACE02S or GGM02S is better than EGM96 in lower degree part (less than 110 degree). Additionally, through the analysis of the model gravity anomaly residuals, it is found that some systematic errors with periodical properties exist in the higher degree part of EIGEN and GGM models, the results can also be taken as references in the validation of the SST gravity data.     

Separation problem in satellite gravimetry

The problem of separating gravitation from inertia is discussed in very general sense, and the conclusion is positive: man can separate gravitation from inertia, if various observation techniques are applied for. The accelerometer’s position problem in satellite gravimetry is investigated, and the additional acceleration effect due to the position error of an instrument as well as the difference between the mass center and the gravity center is explored.     

Forward simulation of gravity for crustal structure of Xiachayu-Gonghe profile in eastern Tibetan plateau

The crustal structure of Xiachayu-Gonghe geophysical profile in eastern Tibetan plateau is simulated with Bouguer anomaly corrected for sediments and lithosphere. The forward simulation shows that the thickness of upper crust in eastern Tibetan plateau is about 20 km, and the density is 2.78×103kg/m3. The bottom interface of middle crust changes from 30 km to 40 km, the density of middle crust is 2.89×103kg/m3. The materials with low density of 2.78 ×103kg/m3 exist in middle crust, and those with high density of 3.33 ×103kg/m3 exist at the bottom of middle crust between Wenquan and Tanggemu. The density is 3.10 ×103kg/m3 in lower crust. The shallowest depth of Moho interface is about 56 km, and the deepest one is about 74 km, the undulation of interface is large, the deep Moho is located in Xiachayu, Chayu, Nujiang, and Wenquan. The crustal density of eastern Tibetan plateau is larger than that of central section; the low velocity layers are located in middle crust and bottom in eastern Tibetan plateau and at the bottom of the upper crust in the central plateau.     

Generation and study of satellite gravity over Gujarat,India and their possible correlation with earthquake occurrences

High-resolution satellite gravity data have been generated and utilized to infer subsurface geological structures in the area of devastating earthquake that struck the Bhuj region in Gujarat on 26 January 2001. Latitudinal gravity profiles have been generated in the Bhuj, Anjar and IBF regions across the epicentres (23.5° N, 69.8° E/M_w 7.0 in 2001; 23.2° N, 70° E/M_w 7.0 in 1956; 24.2° N, 69.2° E/M_w 7.8 in 1819). Substantial differences in gravity anomaly patterns as high as 37 mGal could be observed existing near the epicentre regions. These gravitational differences might have caused due to the plate tectonic processes and due to the changes in densities of different lithospheric zones/sedimentary layers. Temporal variations of the satellite-derived gravity and their probable relations with already occurred major earthquakes in this region have been studied. Hence we conclude that drastic changes in gravity anomalies can be considered as a precursor for occurrences of substantially large earthquakes.     

时变重力场的非各向同性高斯滤波比较

使用GRACE反演地球表层的质量异常,其结果取决于构造的平滑函数即滤波方法。本文阐述了两种在经典高斯滤波基础上构造的Fan滤波和Non-isotropic Gaussian(Non)滤波,两者均对GRACE的阶和次起作用。在同一阶下,两者的权重随着次数的升高而衰减,但衰减的趋势不同,比如在20阶时,Fan滤波呈抛物线变化,而Non滤波则为线性衰减;在40和60阶,两者均呈抛物线变化。使用CSR发布的GRACE Level-2 RL05数据反演地表质量异常,两者的结果相近。     

由GOCE引力梯度张量不变量确定卫星重力模型的半解析法

提出了利用半解析方法解算重力场与稳态海洋环流探测器(gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer,GOCE)引力梯度张量不变量观测值来恢复全球卫星重力模型的方法,该方法比最小二乘方法效率高,同样可给出模型的验后方差。推导了半解析法快速解算引力梯度张量不变量的理论公式,给出了该方法利用卫星重力梯度观测数据快速求解重力场模型的基本步骤。利用89.5°倾角圆形严格重复轨道上的模拟梯度观测值验证了半解析方法用于张量不变量解算的理论严密性,并利用GOCE任务61 d 梯度仪坐标系(gradiometer reference frame,GRF)下无噪声和有噪声的I₂和V_zz模拟观测值进行了模型反演和结果分析。结果表明,利用I₂观测值求解模型的精度略优于仅用V_zz分量解算模型的精度。     

天绘一号卫星三线阵影像RPC模型定位精度验证与分析

天绘一号卫星以RPC参数作为主要的影像辅助数据提供给用户,对传感器的技术参数进行隐藏.文中简要介绍RPC模型的立体定位方法,并针对定位结果中存在的明显的系统误差,采用像方补偿方案进行补偿,最后利用两景天绘一号卫星三线阵影像RPC模型对测区进行实验验证和分析.结果表明,采用少量地面控制点进行系统误差补偿后,定位精度提升效果明显,验证了模型的正确性和有效性.     

引力向量及梯度张量在坐标系之间的变换

引力向量和引力梯度张量在局部和全局坐标系间的转换过程是对卫星重力梯度测量进行模拟研究的主要手段和重要步骤.提出了利用计算机符号运算辅助推导该转换过程的新思想.首先通过对该过程进行分析,指出其运算繁琐复杂;然后通过对理论推导过程的分解,确定了引力向量和引力梯度张量在局部和全局坐标系之间转换的各关键步骤;并借助于计算机符号运算实现了这一转换过程的计算机推演,成功地得到了完整的符号公式结果.所编写的符号推演程序在多台计算机的多种平台上获得了一致的结果.实验结果表明,计算机符号运算对于公式体系繁杂的卫星重力学理论研究来说具有极大的增效作用.     

Estimating crop net primary production using national inventory data and MODIS-derived parameters

National estimates of spatially-resolved cropland net primary production (NPP) are needed for diagnostic and prognostic modeling of carbon sources, sinks, and net carbon flux between land and atmosphere. Cropland NPP estimates that correspond with existing cropland cover maps are needed to drive biogeochemical models at the local scale as well as national and continental scales. Existing satellite-based NPP products tend to underestimate NPP on croplands. An Agricultural Inventory-based Light Use Efficiency (AgI-LUE) framework was developed to estimate individual crop biophysical parameters for use in estimating crop-specific NPP over large multi-state regions. The method is documented here and evaluated for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in Iowa and Illinois in 2006 and 2007. The method includes a crop-specific Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), shortwave radiation data estimated using the Mountain Climate Simulator (MTCLIM) algorithm, and crop-specific LUE per county. The combined aforementioned variables were used to generate spatially-resolved, crop-specific NPP that corresponds to the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) land cover product. Results from the modeling framework captured the spatial NPP gradient across croplands of Iowa and Illinois, and also represented the difference in NPP between years 2006 and 2007. Average corn and soybean NPP from AgI-LUE was 917 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ and 409 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. This was 2.4 and 1.1 times higher, respectively, for corn and soybean compared to the MOD17A3 NPP product. Site comparisons with flux tower data show AgI-LUE NPP in close agreement with tower-derived NPP, lower than inventory-based NPP, and higher than MOD17A3 NPP. The combination of new inputs and improved datasets enabled the development of spatially explicit and reliable NPP estimates for individual crops over large regional extents.