Eemian landscape response to climatic shifts and evidence for northerly Neanderthal occupation at a palaeolake margin in northern Germany

The prevailing view suggests that the Eemian interglacial on the European Plain was characterized by largely negligible geomorphic activity beyond the coastal areas. However, systematic geomorphological studies are sparse. Here we present a detailed reconstruction of Eemian to Early Weichselian landscape evolution in the vicinity of a small fingerlake on the northern margin of the Salzwedel Palaeolake in Lower Saxony (Germany). We apply a combination of seismics, sediment coring, pollen analysis and luminescence dating on a complex sequence of colluvial, paludal and lacustrine sediments. Results suggest two pronounced phases of geomorphic activity, directly before the onset and at the end of the Eemian period, with an intermediate period of pronounced landscape stability. The dynamic phases were largely driven by incomplete vegetation cover, but likely accentuated by fluvial incision in the neighbouring Elbe Valley. Furthermore, we discovered Neanderthal occupation at the lakeshore during Eemian pollen zone (PZ) E IV, which is chronologically in line with other known Eemian sites of central Europe. Our highly-resolved spatio-temporal data substantially contribute to the understanding of climate-induced geomorphic processes throughout and directly after the last interglacial period. It helps unraveling the landscape dynamics between the coastal areas to the north and the loess belt to the south.     

三门湾海域污染物扩散数值研究

本文基于Delft3D建立了二维水动力数值模型和污染物输运扩散模型,分析了三门湾海域的三种主要污染物即化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的输运扩散规律。水动力计算结果与实测结果基本吻合,能够较好重构三门湾海域的水动力环境特征。根据物质输运特征,将三门湾划分为7个动力单元,即健跳-浦坝、海游-蛇蟠南、青山、沥洋、乐井洋-石浦、混合区域、口门区域。Lagrange运动轨迹表明,各动力单元的物质输运基本控制在本单元范围内;污染物整体浓度分布符合湾顶较高、养殖区附近较高、混合区与口门区附近较低的特征;各污染因子中,相同水域的TN浓度最大,COD浓度稍小,而TP浓度则小于前两者约一个量级;落潮时,浓度等值线移向湾口,各单元区块污染物分布范围较涨潮时扩大,其中沥洋单元、青山单元和乐井洋单元的变化最显著;各污染因子中COD的变化最为明显,TN次之,TP的变化最小。     

黄河三门峡至扣马段的阶地序列及成因

通过对黄河三门峡至扣马段的野外地貌调查, 结合黄土地层学、年代学分析, 发现黄 河在位于豫西断隆的三门峡至孟津段发育至少4 级阶地, 其形成时代由老到新分别为: 0.86 Ma BP、0.62 Ma BP、0.13 Ma BP 和0.05 Ma BP; 在位于华北断坳的孟津至扣马段仅发育 3 级阶地, 形成时代分别为: 1.24 Ma BP、0.25 Ma BP 和0.05 Ma BP。黄河各级阶地的河流 相沉积物顶部都有一层古土壤发育表明, 黄河下切形成阶地的过程发生在古土壤发育的间冰 期, 气候变化对阶地的形成有一定影响, 但是, 黄河流经豫西断隆和华北断坳两个抬升状况 差异较大的构造单元所表现出来的阶地序列和年代的迥然差异则证明了地面抬升也是控制黄 河阶地发育的重要因素。     

渤海新近纪古湖发育的直接证据

通过渤海5口钻井的沉积有机质分析,以沉积有机质中浮游藻类丰度和类型、无定形有机质含量变化以及地层序列中富藻沉积层发育程度。作为指示湖相沉积环境发育的标志,确定渤海新近纪湖相沉积层的分布特征及渤海古坳陷湖的发育特征。分析表明,浮游藻类和无定形有机质含量高的层段在馆陶组和明下段都有分布,但发育最好的是在明下段下部。这是渤海新近纪湖相沉积地层存在的直接证据。从湖相沉积发育的差异看,馆陶组和明化镇组时期的古湖有着不同的特征,馆陶组早期渤海的湖泊可能很小,馆陶组中、晚期为湖泊扩张期,从含浮游藻类和无定形有机质沉积层纵向变化频繁出现可以看出浅湖沉积环境的不稳定性。新近纪古湖的盛期是在明下段下部沉积时段,当时渤海淡水湖泊普遍存在。     

三门湾游泳动物群落结构与生物多样性研究

为了解三门湾游泳动物资源状况,于2019年11月(秋季)和2020年4月(春季)采用底拖网调查方法研究了三门湾游泳动物群落结构、资源密度、生物多样性及其时空分布格局,同时还使用了组平均聚类法分析和非线性多维标度分析以及冗余分析来研究该海湾游泳动物群落结构与环境因子的关系.本研究共鉴定出游泳动物83种,隶属于16目40科...     

云南迪庆小中甸古湖的形成演化及其与石鼓古湖和金沙江河谷发育的关系

在云南迪庆高原上的中甸和小中甸盆地中,可以见到3套第四纪湖相沉积物。第一套湖相与三角洲相沉积物分布于中甸盆地的东南部,因其含有丰富的哺乳动物化石而可确定其时代为早更新世。第二套厚逾百米的湖相沉积物分布于小中甸盆地,往往构成小中甸河5级河流阶地的基座。本文用光释光(OSL)和U系法测定了采自盆地东部的小中甸林业局东北侧和盆地中部的单高地两剖面6个湖相沉积物样品的年龄。测试结果表明,该套湖相沉积物的中部到顶部的年龄为147.2±13.9~67.57±5.30ka BP,属于中更新世晚期至晚更新世早中期。第三套湖相沉积为以纳帕海为代表的现代湖沼沉积。两剖面各层位湖相沉积样品的介形类以Li mnocythere-Leucocythere-Candona-Eucypris为特征,应是中、晚更新世以来所沉积的。本文认为,早在上新世早中期,金沙江已经在其现今的位置上存在。上新世晚期至早更新世广泛发育的断陷活动并不影响金沙江的流动。中更新世时期,金沙江河谷不同地段可因冰川、冰水、崩塌、滑坡或泥石流等堆积物的堰塞而形成湖泊,邻近的石鼓古湖8万多年前被金沙江再次贯通而消失。作为金沙江支流的小中甸河在6万多年前将小中甸古湖泄空,在小中甸盆地中发育了以第二套湖相沉积为基座的5级河流阶地。     

浙江三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚结构时空变化研究

鱼卵和仔稚鱼在海洋生态系统能量传递中起重要作用,作为渔业资源的早期补充群体,其分布、群聚结构对评估渔业资源和保护渔业资源具有重要意义。为了解三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚结构时空变化规律,对该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行春、夏两季调查,分析了该海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼组成及群聚结构变化等特征。结果发现:(1)两季共鉴定出鱼卵、仔稚鱼8目21科40种,其中定性样品鱼卵、仔稚鱼8目21科36种,定量样品鱼卵、仔稚鱼4目11科24种;鱼卵优势种为斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)、鲷科未定种(Sparidae)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)、鮻(Liza haematocheila)、舌鳎属(Cynoglossus spp.)、石首鱼科未定种(Sciaenidae)、小公鱼属(Stolephorus spp.);仔稚鱼优势种为鮻、孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)、小公鱼属、细棘虾虎鱼属(Acentrogobius spp.)、缟虾虎鱼属(Tridentiger spp.)。(2)三门湾湾内与湾外鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚的组成存在显著差异,且湾内密度均高于湾外,反映出优势种鱼类在产卵季对于水文环境(如海流、温度)的空间响应。(3)三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼的群聚组成季节波动明显,主要由鱼类产卵的季节节律以及以洄游习性等差异形成。结果表明,三门湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群聚结构空间、季节差异明显,与历史资料相比,鱼卵、仔稚鱼资源从“年际”短时间尺度看已初步显现一定恢复态势。     

三门湾悬移质输运特征

三门湾为一典型半封闭强潮海湾,平均潮差4.25m,湾内外水沙交换剧烈。根据2003年在三门湾水文泥沙测验、分析结果,湾口附近N1、N2、N3站所构成的断面上:(1)从大潮到小潮,流速递减;从N1站向N3站流速增加;春季,大多数情况下涨潮流速大于落潮流速。而秋季,大多数情况下涨潮流速小于落潮流速。(2)春、秋季,大小潮期间N1、N2、N3三个站上平均悬移质浓度都是涨潮大于落潮;中潮期间这三个站上平均悬移质浓度都是涨潮小于落潮。     

Holocene ochreous lacustrine sediments within the Famatina Belt,NW Argentina: A natural case for fossil damming of an acid drainage system

A 44 m-thick lacustrine succession of silty-clay banded ochres and subordinated sandstones, and conglomerates (known as the Corral Amarillo Formation) is superbly exposed within the Famatina Belt (Central Andes of Argentina) after deep entrenchment by the present-day Amarillo river due to strong recent uplifting and consequent relative drop in base level. The unusual ochreous-rich succession was produced by natural damming (3.48–3.54 ¹⁴C kyr BP) of an acid drainage system linked to the alteration cap of polymetallic deposits. Facies of silty-clay ochre (wet season) and banded ochre (dry season) from the paleolacustrine setting are composed of jarosite + goethite and goethite respectively. Geochemically, these layers record high concentrations of Fe₂O₃ (25–55 wt. %) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Co, As, and Mo with mean concentrations of 2759; 2467; 109; 375 and 116 ppm, respectively). Their origin is inferred from a comparative analysis with the present-day Amarillo river, which has a pH of ∼3, (SO₄)²⁻ concentrations of ∼5000 mg/l, and jarosite as the dominant phase, in the upper catchments. Waters downstream have pH values of 3–4.5, (SO₄)²⁻ concentrations of ∼3000–480 mg/l, and schwertmannite as the dominant phase. Thus goethite in the paleolake facies is likely related to schwertmannite transformation by an aging process, whereas jarosite is probably transported from the river but could also be associated with post-depositional formation regulated by variations in grain size and the pore fluid chemistry. The Corral Amarillo Formation offers a Natural model, which may be employed to infer the effect on nature of acid drainage of mineralized areas.     

Overview on the formation of paleolakes and ponds on Mars

Lakes on Mars were formed under periglacial to glacial climates. Extreme conditions prevailed including freezing temperatures, low atmospheric pressure, high evaporation/sublimation rates, and liquid water reservoirs locked in aquifers below a thick cryosphere. Although many of the Martian paleolakes display evidence of a short period of activity consistent with these conditions, others display clear evidence of lifetimes ranging from 10⁴ to 10⁵ years. The discovery of young seeping processes in impact craters and pole-facing valley slopes along with young volcanic activity raise questions about the conditions and limitations of liquid water flow and potential lacustrine activity today on Mars. Current climate models show that in today's conditions there exist regions on Mars of sols above the triple point and below boiling point of water that could provide hydrogeological conditions comparable to these of the Antarctic Dry Valley lakes (with the exception of the atmosphere pressure). The locations of the most recent Martian paleolakes are correlated with these regions. Throughout the history of Mars, lakes generated diversified environments, which could have provided potential habitats for life. The recent discovery of young energy sources from volcanism and the potential for liquid water reinforces the possibility of extant life on Mars, and suggests recent ponds and ancient paleolakes as primary targets for rover and sample return missions.