吉林省平原区地下水主要蓄水构造

采用地下水蓄水构造理论,总结概括地貌构造影响控制的水文地质特征规律,补充完善了按岩石地层控水因素划分的地下水含水岩组类型的不足,更有利于指导地下水资源的科学勘查评价、合理开发利用及有效管理保护。     

松嫩平原西部(吉林部分)地下水资源计算与评价

选择合理的水文地质参数．对松嫩平原西部进行地下水资源计算并对供需平衡进行评价。采用补给渗入法计算大气降水补给;用断面法计算侧向迳流补给;松散岩类孔隙水采用均衡法计算;基岩裂隙水采用经验系数法及统计法进行计算。对计算结果进行分析评价,以便合理开发利用及统一管理地下水资源。     

山东鲁北平原地下水资源与可持续利用

鲁北平原目前区内供水水源以黄河客水和地下水为主.最新均衡计算结果为:浅层地下水开采资源量37.03×10 8m 3/a,深层地下水开采资源量2.62×10 8m 3/a.据山东省水资源可持续利用总体规划报告,现状年需水量约74×10 8m 3/a,2010年需水量为93×10 8m 3/a,2030年需水量为109×10 8m 3/a,现状年供需基本平衡,远景供水不足.浅层地下水易采易补,更新能力强,应以合理调控水位为中心,优先开采浅层地下水,充分发挥浅层地下水资源的供水功能,尤其是东阿-齐河-商河-利津沿黄地区更应加强开发浅层水的力度.浅层水为可持续利用的地下水资源量.深层地下水更新能力弱,应严格限制其开发利用.在德州、滨州漏斗中心区,建议实施部分封井,调减开采量.实行地表水与地下水联合调度,优化水资源开发结构,适当增加地表水引用量,实施含水层的恢复工程,遏制地面沉降等环境问题的继续发展,走全面、协调、可持续发展的路子.     

提高化肥利用率途径的土壤磁学研究

通过土壤磁学的角度来探讨我国农业生产急需解决的前沿课题之一--提高化肥利用率问题.125组土壤磁化率、营养元素氮、磷、钾和有机碳含量数据来自杭嘉湖平原的平湖地区,分布在560 km2面积内的36个深度剖面.分析这批数据随深度的变化规律,发现非耕作层的土壤磁化率与钾、氮、磷含量具有较好的相关性,而与有机碳含量相关性较差,说明决定土壤磁性的矿物具有保持营养元素的能力.耕作层的土壤磁化率与有机碳、磷含量具有较好的相关性,而与氮、钾含量相关性较差.耕作层的土壤磁化率以及氮、磷和有机碳含量高于非耕作层的土壤磁化率以及氮、磷和有机碳含量,钾含量则相反.从非耕作层至耕作层,土壤磁化率增幅为23.8%,远低于氮增幅55.3%、磷增幅36.6%和钾减幅95.8%,说明该区存在化肥施用不均衡现象,导致土壤磁化率与营养元素含量关系的失衡.提高磁肥或磁化肥的施用量,是提高肥效的持久性与利用率的途径之一.     

关中地区小震活动特征及危险性分析

近两年来，关中地区地震活动呈现东部相对活跃而西部平静的局面，打破了近20年来西部相对活跃的格局。从三信方面分析了形成这种格局的原因，认为这是大区域应力调整，汾渭地震带地震逐渐活跃而西海固地区相对平静以及关中地区地壳运动变化的结果，在此基础上对今后关中地区地震活动趋势进行了分析和研究。     

莱洲湾南岸咸水入侵区晚更新世以来的古环境演变

The south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay is one of the typical salt-water intrusion areas in China, the occurrence and development of which was closely related with the palaeoenvironment evolution. Systematic analyses of pollen, foraminifera and grain size composition based on ^14C and luminescence dating from two sediment cores were performed for the purpose of understanding the salt-water intrusion in the coastal plain of Laizhou Bay from the perspective of environmental evolution since late Pleistocene. It could be classified into seven evolution stages since 120 kaBP： 120-85 kaBP was a transition period from cold to warm; 85-76 kaBP was a period with warm and wet climate having swamp lakes developed in the lower reaches of the Weihe River, south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 76-50 kaBP was characterized by grassland vegetation and coarse sediments in terrestrial environment, which was the early stage of Dali Ice-Age; 50-24 kaBP was a period with alternate sea deposition in the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay; 24-10 kaBP was the late stage of Dali Ice-Age with coldest period of Quaternary, the south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was dry grassland and loess deposition environment; 10-4 kaBP was another warm and wet climate period, sea level was high and regressed at 4 kaBP; and has been the modern sedimentary environment since 4 kaBP. Among the three warm stages, including 85-76 kaBP, 50-24 kaBP and 10-4 kaBP, corresponded to late Yangkou, Guangrao and Kenli seawater transgression respectively. The duration of the latter one in south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was longer than that in west coast of Bohai Sea and east coast of Laizhou Bay. The three periods of seawater transgression formed the foundation of salt-water intrusion in this area.     

贡山地区两类特殊的区域动力热流变质作用

贡山地区存在两类特殊的区域动力热变质作用－低压热轴型、减压增温型。其共同特征是：具明显的递增变质现象，以地幔热流上升为主要因素，构造背景为碰撞造山。不同之处为：低压热轴型区域动力热流变质，形成于低压环境，变质岩石的分布与断裂、剪切带无明显关系；减压增温型区域动力热流变质，形成于中低压环境，变质岩石受韧性剪切带控制呈间隔带状出露。     

Genesis of the Jinding Zn-Pb deposit,northwest Yunnan Province,China: Constraints from rare earth elements and noble gas isotopes

The giant sediment-hosted Jinding zinc-lead deposit is located in the Lanping Basin, northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The genesis of the deposit has long been debated and the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals are controversial. This study presents rare earth element (REE) and noble gas isotope data that constrain the origins of the ore fluids and the heat source driving the hydrothermal circulation. The early-stage sulfides are enriched in light REEs and have high ∑REE values (30.8–94.8 ppm) and weakly negative Eu (δEu 0.85–0.89) and Ce anomalies (δCe 0.84–0.95), suggesting that the fluids were likely derived from dissolution of Upper Triassic marine carbonates with input of REEs from aluminosilicate rocks in the basin. In contrast, the late-stage sulfides have irregular REE patterns, generally low ∑REE values (0.24–10.8 ppm) and positive Eu (δEu 1.22–10.9) and weakly negative Ce anomalies (δCe 0.53–0.90), which suggest that the ore-forming fluids interacted with evaporite minerals. The ³He/⁴He (0.01–0.04 R_a) and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar values (301–340) of the ore-forming fluids indicate crustal and atmospheric origins for these noble gases. These findings are in agreement with the published fluid inclusion microthermometry data and the results of H, O, C, S, Pb and Sr isotope studies. Our data, in combination with published results, support a two-stage hydrothermal mineralization model, involving early-stage basinal brines and late-stage meteoric water that acquired metals and heat from crustal sources.     

不同转换方法在关中平原区地震动衰减关系研究中的应用

采用考虑地震加速度的近场距离饱和与震级饱和特征模型的衰减关系,通过收集关中平原区及邻区大量的地震资料,建立起本区的地震烈度衰减关系.将美国西部地区作为参考区,采用不同映射的转换方法,得到了关中平原区的基岩水平加速度衰减关系,并对不同的映射方法得到的结果进行了对比分析.     

鲁北平原晚第四纪地层结构及沉积演化

以54个浅层新钻孔和多个野外露头为研究对象,综合沉积物粒度、薄片、微体古生物、孢粉、14C测年及静力触探等资料,分析了鲁北平原晚第四纪的地层结构和沉积类型,总结了晚更新世晚期以来的沉积演化。研究表明,末次冰期盛冰期到冰后期,受地势、气候条件控制的黄河河道迁移和海水进退是影响地层结构和沉积特征的主要因素,南北地层结构差异明显,发育古河道、湖沼、黄土、三角洲、潮坪和滨浅海等沉积类型,其中古河道分布面积最广,自下而上可划分为三期。晚更新世晚期至早全新世早期,受干冷气候影响,发育第Ⅰ期古河道,小清河以南沉积黄土层;早全新世晚期至中全新世,气候转暖导致海平面升高,沿海地区形成海侵层和三角洲,内陆地区继承性发育第Ⅱ期古河道和湖沼沉积;中全新世末期或晚全新世以来,受黄河泛滥影响,沉积第Ⅲ期古河道和现代黄河三角洲。地层结构和沉积物分布的研究对于分析地下水位的变化规律,以及选择合适的地震激发层等均有重要的指导意义。