苏北中部滨海平原成陆机制研究

苏北中部滨海平原位于废黄河三角洲和长江三角洲之间，其形成与全新世最大海侵之后长江、古黄河的供沙历史和供沙状况密切相关，并且现今海域南黄海辐射沙洲的辐聚点也位于这段海岸，故探讨其成陆机制具有重要意义。本文数值模拟了公元８世纪时该区的Ｍ２潮汐、潮流，在此基础上，计算了７种粒径泥沙在当时潮流场中的净输运状况，划分了海底冲淤区。计算结果表明，公元８世纪时苏北岸外存在大致以东台为顶点的辐射状古潮流场，其分布格局与现今苏北岸外大致以京港为顶点的辐射关潮流场基本一致，该辐射状潮流场的存在是由当时台东岸外的独特驻潮波波腹所决定的。进入苏北岸外古辐射状潮流场中的泥沙，在辐聚、辐散的潮流作用下，每一个潮周期均自ＮＥ、ＳＥ方向向东台附近海域净输运泥沙，在东台附近海域发生淤积。由此认为，苏北中部滨海平原是大致以东台为顶点的辐聚、辐散潮     

Trace element contents and correlation in surface soils in China's eastern alluvial plains

 A study investigating the contents of 13 trace elements and the correlations between these trace elements and soil parameters of the surface soils in the eastern alluvial plains of China is summarized and discussed in this paper. The results show that the contents of some elements studied differ from region to region. Close relations have been noted between all the trace element contents in the soils of the eastern alluvial plains and the relevant surface materials of erosion regions, which demonstrate the effects of parent materials, while climatic conditions and human interventions are also found to be important factors. Close relations were found between the transition elements of the Quaternary period and the chalcophile elements (except Cu). The chemical and geochemical properties of these elements are identified as beeing important inherent characteristics that affect the relations of these elements in the soils. Received: 5 June 1997 · Accepted: 2 March 1998     

Assessing crop yield and crop water productivity and optimizing irrigation scheduling of winter wheat and summer maize in the Haihe plain using SWAT model

Haihe plain is an important food production area in China, facing an increasing water shortage. The water used for agriculture accounts for about 70% of total water resources. Thus, it is critical to optimize the irrigation scheduling for saving water and increasing crop water productivity (CWP). This study first simulated crop yield and CWP for winter wheat and summer maize in historical scenario during 1961–2005 for Haihe plain using previously well‐established Soil and Water Assessment Tool model. Then, scenarios under historical irrigation (scenario 1) and sufficient irrigation (scenario 2) were, respectively, simulated both with sufficient fertilizer. The crop yield in scenario 2 was considered as the potential crop yield. The optimal irrigation scheduling with sufficient fertilizer (scenario 3) was explored by iteratively adjusting irrigation scheduling based on the scenario 1 and previous studies related to water stress on crop growth. Results showed that net irrigation amount was, respectively, reduced 23.1% and 18.8% in scenario 3 for winter wheat and summer maize when compared with scenario 1. The CWP was 12.1% and 8.2% higher with very slight change of crop yield. Using optimal irrigation scheduling could save 8.8 × 10⁸ m³ irrigation water and reduce about 16.3% groundwater over‐exploitation in winter wheat growth period. The corresponding yield was 18.5% and 12.9% less than potential yield for winter wheat and summer maize but using less irrigation water. Therefore, it could be considered that the optimal irrigation was reasonable, which provided beneficial suggestions for increasing efficiency of agricultural water use with sustainable crop yield in Haihe plain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三江平原地下水流场演化趋势及影响因素

近年来,三江平原部分区域地下水位呈持续下降的态势,引起广大学者和相关部门的高度关注,为了查明三江平原地下水流场时空演化规律,揭示其主要影响因素,以三江平原1980年72组及2019、2020年同期1 092组地下水位统测数据和44组国家地下水监测数据为基础,应用ArcGIS插值分析、栅格代数运算、对比分析等方法,查明了三江平原地下水流场时空演化特征,阐明了不同影响因素对地下水流场演化的控制作用。结果表明:与1980年相比,三江平原地下水位整体呈下降趋势。西部平原区地下水位累计降幅1～5 m的区域面积2.6×104 km2;东部建三江垦区累计降幅大于5 m的区域面积为1.17×104 km2,其中,累计降幅大于10 m的区域面积为3 400 km2,地下水位年均降幅约0.29 m。地下水开采引起地下水流场变化,“西砂、东黏”的水文地质条件促使区域地下水降幅的时空演化差异;水田种植规模的不断扩大引起地下水超采,浅地表黏土层阻挡降水入渗补给,地下水无法实现以丰补欠自平衡,造成了建三江垦区地下水位的持续下降。本研究成果为进一步查清三江平原地下水变化规律和现状特征奠定了基础,为科学指导地下水资源合理开发利用和管理提供了技术支持。     

鲁西北平原区地热资源开发对地下水环境的影响

地热资源是集热、水、矿为一体的新型能源,具有污染小、易开发、投资小和环保的特点。在鲁西北平原区地热井多集中分布在城区内,且同一地区地热井的取水区段基本一致,开发利用方式单一,没有较为完善的回灌措施,且尾水处理工艺简陋甚至直接排放,造成了地热资源开采区及排放流经区域水土污染,该文在对区内地热资源开发利用现状调查的基础上,对开发利用过程中可能引起的浅层及深层地下水污染情况进行了分析,并提出了一些防治措施与建议。     

时间相依模型与泊松模型计算结果的对比分析——以道孚及炉霍潜源为例

本文分析了华北平原第四纪主要构造格局和强震活动特点,划分了主要强震构造带,并对其发震能力作了评价。认为坝县-束鹿-邯郸断裂带、唐山-河间-磁县断裂带和黄骅-德州-东明断裂带3条北东向右旋走滑断裂带为华北平原裂谷系从早第三纪伸展拉张作用进入晚第三纪-第四纪走滑剪切拉张作用的产物,这3条断裂带分别位于3个北东向坳陷带中部,并构成了第四纪沉降中心,与营口-潍坊断裂带一起构成华北平原内的主要强震构造。本文最后提出了华北平原区划分潜在震源区应注意的几点问题,进而针对第四代区划图中华北平原区潜在震源区划分综合方案提出了补充修改意见。     

深井填砾工艺关键技术探讨

在河北平原新近系地热井施工时采用填砾工艺具有防砂、稳定孔壁的优点,但具有一定的施工难度。通过实践应用提出了管孔径级配方案,总结了终孔替浆工艺,分析并论证了填砾数量计算方法、填砾速度的确定原则及静水填砾方法的可行性。     

Detrital Zircon Geochronology and Provenance of Core Sediments in Zhoulao Town,Jianghan Plain,China

In our study,the U-Pb age spectrum of detrital zircons from terrigenous sediments is used to determine the sources.The Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River drain the western Yangtze craton and eastern Tibetan plateau,and take lots of sediments to the Jianghan (江汉) plain.Detrital zircons collected from Zhoulao (周老) core provide an ideal sample for the provenance studies.Here we report LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 125 detrital zircons from one sand sample in the core sediments,which is recovered from a dep...     

山东黄河冲积平原区地氟病与地球化学环境相关性研究

山东黄河冲积平原区是山东省地氟病的重病区,危害严重。选择其中的郓城、嘉祥、博兴3县进行土壤氟含量、饮水氟含量、儿童尿氟、儿童氟斑牙检出率、氟斑牙指数、成人尿氟、成人氟骨症检出率等指标进行调查,结果表明区内土壤、饮水氟含量和群体的尿氟含量普遍较高,高氟的危害和地方性氟中毒病情十分严重。在分析氟元素在土壤、饮水中的分布及变化规律的基础上,开展地方性氟中毒病与生态地球化学环境相关性研究,认为地方性氟中毒病与土壤中氟含量、饮水氟含量呈正相关关系。     

关于松嫩平原西部地区土的可塑性研究与探讨

本文通过对松嫩平原西部齐齐哈尔、大庆等地粉土及粘性土612组液限与塑限、塑性指数的对比试验数据的相关分析,建立了液限与塑限、塑性指数间的回归方程。回归方程的相关系数分别为0.897、0.931,经验关系高度显著。