地质勘探过程中煤层气联测氢气方法

瓦斯的危害和煤层气的利用,不断在推进着瓦斯地质理论、煤层气开发利用技术的进步和发展。在以往的诸多研究中,不论是防治瓦斯的危害还是着眼于煤层气的利用,甲烷都是研究的重点。但是,除甲烷之外,还有没有其它影响或控制瓦斯危害和煤层气利用的组分或因素呢？煤层气（瓦斯）联测氢气的方法和应用研究,就是循着这一思路而做的探索性工作。     

利用煤层裂隙地震各向异性寻找煤层气气藏

煤层气是以吸附状态储集在煤层的微裂隙、裂缝中，煤层既是煤气的源岩层，也是煤层气的储集层。由于煤层裂隙的存在，将导致煤层的各向异性；根据横波分裂理论：横波通过方位各向异性介质时，横波将发生分裂现象，分裂为两个偏振方向近乎正交的横波，即传播方向平行于裂隙方向的快横波和传播方向垂直于裂隙方向的慢横波。本文介绍了煤层裂隙引起的横波分裂现象的实验室研究及实际野外试验成果。实际结果表明，利用转换横波探测煤层裂隙是可行的。本文最后给出了试验煤层裂隙发育范围和裂隙发育方向。     

Biostratigraphic and aminostratigraphic constraints on the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in north Norfolk,UK

Considerable debate surrounds the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in East Anglia following some recent stratigraphical reinterpretations. Resolution of the stratigraphy here is important since it not only concerns the glacial history of the region but also has a bearing on our understanding of the earliest human occupation of north‐western Europe. The orthodox consensus that all the tills were emplaced during the Anglian (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12) has recently been challenged by a view assigning each major till to a different glacial stage, before, during and after MIS 12. Between Trimingham and Sidestrand on the north Norfolk coast, datable organic sediments occur immediately below and above the glacial succession. The oldest glacial deposit (Happisburgh Till) directly overlies the ‘Sidestrand Unio‐bed’, here defined as the Sidestrand Hall Member of the Cromer Forest‐bed Formation. Dating of these sediments therefore has a bearing on the maximum age of the glacial sequence. This paper reviews the palaeobotany and describes the faunal assemblages recovered from the Sidestrand Unio‐bed, which accumulated in a fluvial environment in a fully temperate climate with regional deciduous woodland. There are indications from the ostracods for weakly brackish conditions. Significant differences are apparent between the Sidestrand assemblages and those from West Runton, the type site of the Cromerian Stage. These differences do not result from contrasting facies or taphonomy but reflect warmer palaeotemperatures at Sidestrand and a much younger age. This conclusion is suggested by the higher proportion of thermophiles at Sidestrand and the occurrence of a water vole with unrooted molars (Arvicola) rather than its ancestor Mimomys savini with rooted molars. Amino acid racemisation data also indicate that Sidestrand is significantly younger than West Runton. These data further highlight the stratigraphical complexity of the ‘Cromerian Complex’ and support the conventional view that the Happisburgh Till was emplaced during the Anglian rather than the recently advanced view that it dates from MIS 16. Moreover, new evidence from the Trimingham lake bed (Sidestrand Cliff Formation) above the youngest glacial outwash sediments (Briton's Lane Formation) indicates that they also accumulated during a Middle Pleistocene interglacial – probably MIS 11. All of this evidence is consistent with a short chronology placing the glacial deposits within MIS 12, rather than invoking multiple episodes of glaciation envisaged in the ‘new glacial stratigraphy’ during MIS 16, 12, 10 and 6. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

EVOLUTION OF RAPIDS OF CREEK MOUTH－BAR AT GEZHOUBA RESERVOIR AND THE IMPACTS ON NAVIGABLE CHANNEL IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

ＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＡＰＩＤＳＯＦＣＲＥＥＫＭＯＵＴＨ－ＢＡＲＡＴＧＥＺＨＯＵＢＡＲＥＳＥＲＶＯＩＲＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＭＰＡＣＴＳＯＮＮＡＶＩＧＡＢＬＥＣＨＡＮＮＥＬＩＮＴＨＥＵＰＰＥＲＲＥＡＣＨＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＨＡＮＧＪＩＡＮＧＲＩＶＥＲ￥ＬｉｎＣ...     

陕西直罗油田长_2油层组储层特征

直罗油田主力产层为三叠系延长组长2油层组，储层以三角洲分支河道砂体为主，岩性主要为长石细砂岩，大量的自生矿物对原生孔隙产生了很大程度的破坏。较强的成岩后生作用使得储层以粒间溶孔及原生粒间余孔为主要储集空间。储层孔隙结构表现为以小孔隙、小喉道为主要特征，非均质性较强。物性分布主要与其在砂体中的分布部位有关。     

水库下游河流再造床过程中的河岸侵蚀

根据实测河道地形资料,分析了水库下游河床演变中的河岸侵蚀现象,包括不同横向边界约束条件、不同床沙组成和不同河型河段的河岸侵蚀的特征及规律。结果表明:①水库下游均会有河岸侵蚀发生,但初期一般以下切为主,后期以展宽为主。②对于横向边界约束较强的河段,河岸侵蚀相对较弱;相反,则河岸坍塌严重,河岸侵蚀强烈;③对不同的河床组成和边滩组成的河段:河床较粗特别是形成抗冲粗化层,且边滩组成较细的河段,河岸侵蚀现象非常剧烈;河床组成较细的河段,如果边滩抗冲性较强,则河岸侵蚀现象相对较弱,如果滩地组成较细、容易坍塌,河岸侵蚀也会较强;④不同的河型有着不同的河岸侵蚀现象。分汊河段以主汊为主;游荡段的游荡特性在初期受到抑制;弯曲河段的撇弯切滩现象较普遍。     

煤层气测井探测技术的应用

煤田中在煤层附近有煤层气砂岩储层、泥质砂岩储层的存在,声波、密度两种孔隙度测井是进行孔隙度探测的有效方法。但是,当煤层气砂岩储层、泥质砂岩储层含气饱和度较小时,其分辨能力较低,这时就可以利用三测向电阻率,通过阿尔奇公式来计算孔隙饱和度;或是统计计算区内煤层气储层下限值的方法,还可采用孔隙度挖补法,提高识别能力。     

红层（盆）与金矿化关系的探讨

红层（盆）内外存在着工业金矿化现象，与红层（盆）有关的金矿化包括：次火山岩型、卡林型、穆龙套型、不整合脉型、风化壳型、热泉型以及砂金等众多类型。它们的形成过程及分布与红层（盆）关系密切。本文总结了与红层（盆）有关金矿化的成矿模式及找矿方向。     

用于旱地牧区灌溉的一种风力提水滴灌系统

我国西北地区降雨量低,气候干旱,但地下水埋藏浅,风力资源充足,以风能为动力,提取地下水灌溉,修复退化的自然生态具有社会意义和环境效益。本文简述了我国风力提水发展历史,分析所选用的风力提水机存在的问题并做出了几点改进。以内蒙古乌拉特中旗的海流图牧场为实验场地,通过钻孔数据,估计地下水储量,确定场地地质条件。根据场地年降水量、日照、日均风速、地下水运移与蒸发情况,计算可利用的风能能量并根据该地每年所需水量确定提水机数量。根据实验场地位置,制定了合理布置方案,设计了一套灌溉系统,并对其可行性进行了分析。通过现场单套设备的试验,表明该方案是可行的。该系统采用自然能源,一次投入,永久收益,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

断层输导作用与油气充注作用关系分析

断层是控制油气藏形成的重要因素之一;断层的开启及闭合影响到油气运移与聚集的效率。但油气在断层中的运移与在砂层中的充注存在差异性这一问题长期被忽视。一般认为;只要发育断层;其断开的渗透层就会被油气充注;极少关注地层水和石油的压缩特性对充注的影响。本文提出;地下单断层活动时;深部油气在超压作用下以涌流方式难以快速充注进入中浅层被切割的砂体;因此;单砂体至少要存在一条断层作为泄水出口;石油才能通过其余断层充注进入砂体;即单砂体要发育两条及两条以上断层;石油才能注入砂体。在断层静止期;油气通过渗流方式沿特定深度范围断面垂向运移;对油气垂向运移距离影响较小。本文运用4个大型盆地的典型油气藏与断层分布关系讨论了本文观点。该观点对油气成藏规律研究及成藏目标评价有较重要参考意义。