纳滤膜分离技术及其在盐湖卤水资源开发中的应用

介绍了纳滤膜分离技术原理及其主要应用领域,结合我国盐湖卤水资源的特点与开发利用现状,提出了将纳滤膜分离技术应用于卤水资源综合利用的设想。     

柴达木盆地西部大浪滩梁中矿区软钾镁矾沉积的矿物组合特征

柴达木盆地西部大浪滩梁中矿区是一个以液体钾矿为主、固液并存的大型钾镁盐矿田。通过对梁中矿区大浪滩凹地钾镁盐矿点实地考察,以兴元钾肥厂开挖的固体钾盐(软钾镁矾、钾石盐和杂卤石等矿物)剖面为研究载体,采集73件固体盐样。通过XRD矿物组成分析,发现梁中凹地盐类呈石盐+泻利盐—石盐+泻利盐+软钾镁矾—石盐+泻利盐+钾石盐—石盐+钾石盐+光卤石—石盐+水氯镁石矿物组合变化。其中,在Ⅱ阶段(5.3².6 m)沉积了层状的固体钾盐矿物(包含软钾镁矾、钾石盐和光卤石)。地层中沉积的软钾镁矾,结晶良好。通过对比分析认为,软钾镁矾的形成条件:1)外来水体的混入,溶滤了地表盐滩中可溶性钾;2)(全新世)相对较高的温度条件,芒硝等矿物的溶解,会使湖表卤水中硫酸盐含量明显增加,卤水组成点易落在25℃介稳相图的白钠镁矾相区,有利于软钾镁矾结晶析出;3)干旱的气候条件。     

Growth response of the saltbush Atriplex nummularia L. to inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

Plantlets of Atriplex nummularia were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices in a pot experiment. Plants were grown in a low P soil. Highly significant growth response of a Chenopodiaceae was recorded for the first time. Mycorrhizal colonization of roots was well developed, internal hyphae and vesicles were observed, but not arbuscules. These observations suggest that arbuscules are not necessary to obtain significant growth stimulation from mycorrhizal inoculation. Atriplex nummularia is already used as forage crops, its high mycorrhizal dependency offers possibilities to develop this production and revegetation strategies.     

对废弃非金属矿山的再次开发利用的优点

随着经济发展对建筑材料的需求促使非金属矿山的开采,随着矿山矿产资源的枯竭,一些矿山面临关闭,一般闭坑矿山需投入大量资金进行恢复治理。对于废弃非金属矿山再次开发利用可节约土地资源,优化矿产资源利用,且具有良好的经济效益,因此具有良好的前景。     

新疆乌尊布拉克东部干盐湖成盐环境和成盐年代的初步研究

新疆乌尊布拉克盐湖是我国目前少见的含钾硝酸盐型盐湖。文中根据资料和ＣＫ９６—１钻孔剖面中(１４)Ｃ年龄以及岩性的变化,粗略地探讨第四纪晚更新世末期大约４万年以来新疆乌尊布拉克盐湖沉积特征、成盐环境和大致年代。     

灰色～周期外延组合模型在吉兰太盐湖卤水动态预测中的应用

本文利用灰色预测和周期外延预测模型的优点,提出了灰色预测与周期外延预测相结合的灰色～周期外延组合模型,对吉兰太盐湖卤水的动态变化进行了模拟,结果可靠,该模型可广泛应用地下水动态预测和其它序列预测。     

Origin of the salt valleys in the Canyonlands section of the Colorado Plateau: Evaporite-dissolution collapse versus tectonic subsidence

The salt valleys over the axis of the salt-cored anticlines in the Paradox fold and fault belt (Canyonlands, Utah and Colorado) are created by subsidence of the anticline crests. Traditionally, the collapse of the anticlinal crests was attributed to dissolution of the salt walls (diapirs) forming the anticline cores. Recent studies based on scaled physical models and field observations propose that the salt valleys are a result of regional extension and that salt dissolution had only a minor influence in the development of the axial depressions. This paper presents several arguments and lines of evidence that refute the tectonic model and support the salt dissolution subsidence interpretation.The development of contractional structures in salt dissolution experiments led the advocates of the tectonic interpretation to reject the dissolution-induced subsidence explanation. However, these salt dissolution models do not reproduce the karstification of salt walls in a realistic way, since their analog involves removal of salt from the base of the diapirs during the experiments. Additionally, numerous field examples and laboratory models conducted by other authors indicate that brittle subsidence in karst settings is commonly controlled by subvertical gravity faults.Field evidence against the regional extension model includes (1) a thick cap rock at the top of the salt walls, (2) the concentration of subsidence deformation structures along the crest of the anticlines (salt walls), (3) deformational structures not consistent with the proposed NNE extension, like crestal synforms and NE–SW grabens, (4) dissolution-induced subsidence structures controlled by ring faulting, revealing deep-seated dissolution, (5) large blocks foundered several hundred meters into the salt wall, (6) evidence of recent and active dissolution subsidence, and (7) the aseismic nature of the recently active collapse faults. Although underground salt dissolution seems to be the main cause for the generation of the salt valleys, this phenomenon may have been favored by regional extension tectonics that enhance the circulation of groundwater and salt dissolution.     

Using Envisat InSAR time-series to investigate the surface kinematics of an active salt extrusion near Qum,Iran

Lower Oligocene-Miocene rock salt is exposed in several diapirs in the central plateau of Iran along the northern margin of the Great Kavir basin. These include a small but mature salt extrusion known as Qum Kuh located near the city of Qum. We use small-baseline interferograms to study the surface displacements of Qum Kuh. The interferometric dataset consisted of 149 interferometric displacement maps derived from 35 C-band ASAR images collected by Envisat satellite in both descending and ascending orbits from 2003 through 2009.The results of the displacement time series analyses show significant long-term trend of horizontal motion toward gentle slopes of Qum Kuh, punctuated by seasonal variations during dry and wet seasons. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series results suggest that the salt near the spreading center, where the salt first surfaces from depth, is extruded to the more gentle flanks of Qum Kuh and that down-slope gravitational spreading of the extruded salt accelerates when it is wet.     

缅甸不同矿点翡翠的矿物学特征

通过对缅甸达木坎矿区、帕敢矿区、隆肯矿区的4个矿点翡翠样品的偏光显微镜、电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射等测试,其结果表明:各矿点翡翠均以粒状变晶结构为主,主要矿物为硬玉,次要矿物有钠长石、云母类、辉石类、闪石类矿物、沸石类矿物等。其中,哥因角矿点翡翠矿石中有较大量辉石类矿物,纳莫矿点发现较大量方沸石矿物。沸石是含水矿物,而含水矿物作为矿脉的前锋组成矿物更为合理,故纳莫翡翠矿体形成深度应相对其它矿点更深。隆肯矿点翡翠样品w(A_l2O_3)=23.187%,w(Na_2O)=17.706%,w(TiO_2)=0.349%,w(K_2O)=0.298%,高于其它矿点;哥因角矿点翡翠样品w(CaO)=1.821%,w(MgO)=2.983%,w(FeO)=1.432%,高于其它矿点;纳莫矿点样品w(SiO_2)平均61.91%,为4个矿点中最高。