川南煤系硫铁矿矿山地质环境现状分析

着重分析当前川南煤系硫铁矿的矿山地质环境现状,以及硫铁矿山普遍存在的一些地质环境问题,旨在引起社会各方面对矿山地质环境保护的重视。     

阳城煤矿瓦斯地质规律研究

运用沉积学、构造地质学、煤地质学、数学分析等相关学科和方法,综合分析瓦斯涌出量的地质构造、顶底板岩性、上覆基岩厚度等地质因素,对阳城地区瓦斯含量、涌出量进行量化预测,并作出其全井田瓦斯含量、涌出量的等值线图。研究表明,阳城井田属低瓦斯矿井,瓦斯含量的变化主要与煤层埋深有关,随着煤层上覆基岩厚度以及煤层埋深的增高,瓦斯含量与涌出量在区内由北向南有增高趋势。     

矿区公路平面坐标计算方法

根据公路测量中几种基本的平面线型——直线、园曲线、缓和曲线和卯型曲线的特点,直接给出各线型的中桩坐标和切线方位角的计算公式,根据中桩坐标的计算结果及边线桩至道路中线的水平距离,计算边线桩的坐标。这4种线型的计算公式非常适宜于极坐标法放样矿区公路的中桩和边桩计算。对于较长矿区公路的测量,可以把它分解成多个直线、园曲线和缓和曲线等图元对象,再运用其相应公式进行计算。     

全椒县范水洼金矿区控矿构造初步研究

研究区主要构造活动可分为3期：早期，发育以透入性的剪切劈理为特征的复式褶皱及倒转翼的逆冲剪切减薄拉断作用；中期，伸展作用；后期，脆性的挤压剪切破碎作用。通过详细地质构造剖面测制。建立了区内的主要构造格架：总体为一复式向斜一汪洼向斜，以杨柳岗组中上段为两翼，以琅琊山组为核，二级褶皱总体表现为向斜开阔，背斜紧闭，向南东倒伏的特征；二级褶皱的转折端为主要的控矿容矿构造，矿(化)体主要赋存于复式向斜的核部、背斜转折端。二级褶皱背斜转折端的拉张垮塌破碎角砾岩及翼部特别是近倒转翼的剪切破碎带是最重要的控矿容矿构造。     

西藏扎布耶碳酸盐型盐湖卤水相化学研究

中国盐湖资源丰富,且水化学类型齐全。西藏扎布耶盐湖位于西藏高原腹地,该湖卤水水化学类型为碳酸盐型,已处于盐湖演化晚期,是一个固液共存的盐湖矿床,具有很好的工业开发价值。笔者分别在15℃、25℃下对该卤水进行了等温蒸发实验,研究了在此两个温度下卤水中各元素富集行为和盐类矿物析出规律。并通过讨论其与国内外碳酸盐型和硫酸盐型锂盐湖的卤水蒸发路径和矿物析出异同,指出扎布耶盐湖具有其独特的卤水蒸发析盐路径。在本实验中低温有利于卤水中锂的富集,而高温有利于硼的富集,碳酸锂和钾盐交叉析出,低温时钾的矿物主要为钾石盐,高温时主要为钾芒硝,高温有利于获得高品位的碳酸锂混盐。     

航磁梯度数据解释新方法在迁安铁矿勘探中的应用

为更加清晰和准确地利用磁梯度数据获得地质体的分布特征,笔者采用解析信号总水平导数法和梯度欧拉反褶积技术组合实现磁梯度数据的解释,解析信号总水平导数的极值可有效地圈定出矿体的分布范围,梯度欧拉反褶积法可有效地避免背景异常的干扰,从而准确地给出磁性体的位置和深度信息。理论模型证明解析信号水平导数法和梯度欧拉反褶积法的组合可准确地获得磁性体的水平范围和深度。应用于河北迁安地区磁梯度数据的解释,圈定出5个呈条带状分布的较大型铁矿藏,埋深在200~450 m。     

Simulation of groundwater level recovery in abandoned mines,Fengfeng coalfield,China

Abandoned mines are of high potential risk as they could be a large underground storage of pollutants(heavy metals and organic wastes, etc.). Various physical, chemical and biological reactions would take place when groundwater flows into underground spaces, which makes abandoned mine a huge potential hazard to groundwater environment. The recovery of groundwater level is one of the key elements controlling the reactions and causing such hazards. This paper simulated groundwater level recovery processes in the abandoned mines, Fengfeng coalfield by using the computer program FEFLOW. The paper integrated the pipe flow model, "three zones" model and groundwater inrush(discharge) model in the simulation of groundwater in the complex laneway-aquifer system. Groundwater flow in the laneway systems was considered pipe flow and described in Bernoulli equation. The water-bearing medium(coal seam roof) overlying the laneway systems was divided into "three zones" composed of the caving zone, fissure zone and bending zone based on the disruption degrees of previous mining. Groundwater in the Ordovician limestone aquifer(bottom of coal seam) flowing into laneway systems was considered a major inrush/recharge source, and its flow rate was calculated by an inrush(discharge) model which was newly developed in this study and incorporated into FEFLOW. The results showed that it would take approximately 95 days for groundwater in abandoned mines to recover to regional groundwater level elevation, and the total amount of water filling up would be about 1.41195×10~7 m~3, which is consistent with the actual data. The study could be of theoretical and practical significance to mitigate abandoned mines' hazards and improve mine groundwater utilization.     

清镇式铁矿矿石特征及加工技术性能探讨 ——以猫场铝土矿红花寨、白浪坝矿段铁矿床为例

贵州中部清镇、修文等地石炭系铝土矿底部的铁矿俗称为"清镇式铁矿",与黔中铝土矿共同赋存于下石炭统九架炉组之中。本文在实际勘探工作及通过勘探阶段在钻孔副样中采集的铁矿进行可选性试验基础上,以同类型的清镇市猫场铝土矿红花寨、白浪坝矿段铝土矿共生的铁矿为研究对象,指出该类型铁矿矿石自然类型为赤铁矿和褐铁矿;工业类型为需选铁矿石;矿石矿物主要为赤铁矿,部分赤铁矿水化为针柱状褐铁矿;脉石矿物则以白云石和方解石为主。矿石中可供利用的主要元素是铁,造渣组分主要是硅、铝,其次为钙、镁等。试验结果表明,该矿采用一粗一精一扫的强磁选试验可获得铁精矿TFe含量55. 58%,回收率80. 11%的良好指标,精矿中各元素含量达到H55-Ⅰ类赤铁精矿质量要求,在当前市场条件下采用推荐工艺处理该矿可获利。结论对黔中铝土矿资源的综合勘查开发具有借鉴意义。     

The Removal of Dissolved Metals by Hydroxysulphate Precipitates during Oxidation and Neutralization of Acid Mine Waters, Iberian Pyrite Belt

This study examines the removal of dissolved metals during the oxidation and neutralization of five acid mine drainage (AMD) waters from La Zarza, Lomero, Esperanza, Corta Atalaya and Poderosa mines (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Huelva, Spain). These waters were selected to cover the spectrum of pH (2.2–3.5) and chemical composition (e.g., 319–2,103 mg/L Fe; 2.85–33.3 g/L SO₄⁼) of the IPB mine waters. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory to simulate the geochemical evolution previously recognized in the field. This evolution includes two stages: (1) oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) followed by hydrolysis and precipitation of Fe(III), and (2) progressive pH increase during mixing with fresh waters. Fe(III) precipitates at pH < 3.5 (stages 1 and 2) in the form of schwertmannite, whereas Al precipitates during stage 2 at pH 5.0 in the form of several hydroxysulphates of variable composition (hydrobasaluminite, basaluminite, aluminite). During these stages, trace elements are totally or partially sorbed and/or coprecipitated at different rates depending basically on pH, as well as on the activity of the SO₄⁼ anion (which determines the speciation of metals). The general trend for the metals which are chiefly present as aqueous free cations (Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺) is a progressive sorption at increasing pH. On the other hand, As and V (mainly present as anionic species) are completely scavenged during the oxidation stage at pH < 3.5. In waters with high activities (> 10⁻¹) of the SO ₄⁼ ion, some elements like Al, Zn, Cd, Pb and U can also form anionic bisulphate complexes and be significantly sorbed at pH < 5. The removal rates at pH 7.0 range from around 100% for As, V, Cu and U, and 60–80% for Pb, to less than 20% for Zn, Co, Ni and Mn. These processes of metal removal represent a significant mechanism of natural attenuation in the IPB.     

全国危机矿山接替资源找矿专项煤炭项目成果综述

煤炭是我国最重要的基础性能源,经过数十年高强度的开采和开发,一大批大中型矿山资源枯竭,成为危机矿山。通过煤炭资源找矿专项的实施,取得了重大的找矿进展：①新发现并查明了一批资源储量,延长了诸多危机矿山的服务年限;②对我国深部找煤勘查方法进行了初步总结;③丰富了我国聚煤作用研究的内容．使老矿山深部和外围找煤理论和方法得以完善;④在复杂地质条件勘查区（推覆体下、红层下及火成岩下）找煤取得突破性的进展。