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81.
This paper presents an investigation of the decay of bricks in the chancel vault of Brarup Church located close to the Baltic Sea at the island of Falster in Denmark. The aim of the work was to study a peculiar phenomenon in order to prescribe appropriate treatment. Although protected by a lime plaster, some bricks were pulverized up to 50 mm deep from the topside. The decay occurred in a random pattern over the structure, with undamaged bricks positioned next to deteriorated bricks. The brick structure was investigated by Mercury Intrusion Porosiometry. All bricks had a majority of pores in the range 1–10 μm, but the decayed bricks also had a fraction of pores with a diameter less than 100 nm. The difference may be due to a lower firing temperature, or it may be a consequence of the salt decay. Salt analysis proved that the deteriorated bricks were contaminated with sodium chloride, which could have degraded the brick structure. However, the powdering of the bricks may be caused by the precipitation of gypsum, which was found in the brick powder but not in the deteriorated brick itself. According to calculations with the computer program RUNSALT, the precipitation of gypsum is much influenced by the presence of sodium chloride. The gypsum precipitates due to changes in temperature between 0 and 30°C and variations in relative humidity between 75 and 95%. Seasonal climatic changes in the attic were measured to cover this interval. Perhaps sodium chloride acted as a catalyst that facilitated the accumulation and precipitation of gypsum at the topside of the bricks. A sacrificial plaster, which is the traditional treatment for salt contaminated structures, would not prevent such decay.  相似文献   
82.
A hydraulic analysis of the interface between freshwater–saltwater behavior was done in the Merida Yucatan zone, two machines that constantly register the groundwater levels were installed, and three electric conductivity logs were taken from wells. When comparing the measured results with the ones obtained using theoretical equations developed to calculate the freshwater–saltwater interface position, it was proved that in some cases these equations can be applied, and in others not. Two effects that rule the behavior of karst aquifers in extraordinary conditions were found.  相似文献   
83.
Al-hambra is an immense and valuable archaeological site in Spain built on Sabika hill with red brick and natural sandy limestone. It exhibits weathering features indicating salt weathering process. The main aim of this study is to examine weathering processes and intensity acting on Al-hambra. Rock petrography and mineralogical composition have been examined using thin sections, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence; limits of rock’s physical parameters using ultrasonic waves and mercury porosimeter; rock salt content through hydrochemical analysis. Salts attacking this structure are mainly from wet deposition of air pollutants on the long term chemical alteration of rock’s carbonate content to its equivalent salts. The salts’ concentration limit within the examined rock samples is considerably low but it is effective on the long run through hydration of sulphate salts and/or crystallization of chloride salts. Rock texture type and its silica as well as clay content reduces its resistance to internal stresses by salts as well as wetting and drying cycles at such humid area. The recession in limits of physical parameters examined for deep seated and weathered limestone samples quantitatively reflects weathering intensity on Al-hambra.  相似文献   
84.
青海盐湖氯化镁资源开发   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
青海盐湖中有丰富的氯化镁资源 ,由氯化镁可生产多种镁产品 ,特别是以青海盐湖卤水提钾老卤中的镁资源开发镁产品 ,既可获得经济效益 ,又可治理氯化镁老卤造成的危害与污染 ;开展高值镁产品的研究可为盐湖开发的纵深发展打基础  相似文献   
85.
基于GIS的黄河三角洲盐碱地改良分区   总被引:41,自引:0,他引:41  
黄河三角洲盐碱地面积超过总面积的70%,而盐碱地改良分区是因地制宜,综合治理盐域地的前提,通过综合运用地理信息系统的各种空间数据分析功能,将黄河三角洲土地盐碱化现状分为:非盐碱地,轻度盐碱地,中度盐碱地,重度盐碱地,滩涂5个区,并结合地下水长期观测资料,进行成因分析,建立了黄河三角洲盐碱地改良分区模型,立足土地盐碱化的现状,充分考虑地下水埋深和矿化度,把黄河三角洲盐碱地按改良难易程度分为:易改良区,较难改良区,难改良区,近期不宜作改良区,并针对不同的盐碱地改良区提出了相应的土壤改良对策。  相似文献   
86.
兰坪——思茅盆地石盐矿床盐矿物包裹体特征   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
石盐矿床在蒸发沉积过程中经受环境变化而被改造,兰坪-思茅盆地石盐矿床石盐矿物流体包裹体特征及测温数据证明,该区地壳在喜山期一直处于活动状态,在石盐的成矿、成矿期后都迭加了火山以及构造-热作用。  相似文献   
87.
西沙群岛大气中海盐粒子的分布特征   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
分析了在西沙永兴岛观测的Cl^-海盐核资料,主要结果有:(1)东北季风期干直径大于2μm的Cl^-核平均浓度878个/L,平均含盐量105.4μg/m^3,其中干直径大于4μm的特大核平均为190个/L,最大间观测到干直径57μm的Cl^-粒子,均较该地在1987年5月西南季风盛行期的观测值高。谱型呈准单调下降的幂函数递减谱。(2)随距海面高度增加海盐粒子浓度与含盐量均有所减小。(3)Cl^-粒子  相似文献   
88.
89.
东濮凹陷盐湖盆地油气富集规律研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
国内外油气勘探实践表明,含盐盆地的油气富集和分布与盆地内沉积的盐岩密切相关。东濮凹陷是我国东部地区典型的含盐油气富集盆地,作者通过深入研究其地层层序特征及盐岩纵横向分布特点,进一步剖析了盐岩沉积的主要控制因素及其与生储盖层的关系,搞清了含盐盆地油气的分布和富集与盐岩的关系,指出无论在垂向上还是横向上,东濮凹陷盐岩一般都与暗色烃源岩共生,而且盐岩与同期沉积的砂岩表现为长消关系。研究认为盐岩可作为油气上盖或侧向遮挡,与源岩、储集层可组成良好的生储盖配置关系,利于油气富集区带的形成,对构造和隐蔽油气藏的形成都发挥了积极的作用,并指出与盐岩有关的文东北部和胡状集地区是下一步挖潜的有利勘探方向。研究成果也可为国内外同类含盐盆地的油气勘探提供一定的借鉴经验。  相似文献   
90.
A late Quaternary ichthyofauna from Homestead Cave, Utah, provides a new source of information on lake history in the Bonneville basin. The fish, represented by 11 freshwater species, were accumulated between 11,200 and 1000 14C yr B.P. by scavenging owls. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio of Lake Bonneville varied with its elevation; 87Sr/86Sr values of fish from the lowest stratum of the cave suggest they grew in a lake near the terminal Pleistocene Gilbert shoreline. In the lowest deposits, a decrease in fish size and an increase in species tolerant of higher salinities or temperatures suggest multiple die-offs associated with declining lake levels. An initial, catastrophic, post-Provo die-off occurred at 11,300–11,200 14C yr B.P. and was followed by at least one rebound or recolonization of fish populations, but fish were gone from Lake Bonneville sometime before 10,400 14C yr B.P. This evidence is inconsistent with previous inferences of a near desiccation of Lake Bonneville between 13,000 and 12,000 14C yr B.P. Peaks in Gila atraria frequencies in the upper strata suggest the Great Salt Lake had highstands at 3400 and 1000 14C yr B.P.  相似文献   
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