Similarities and differences in the annual temperature cycles of East German mining lakes

The annual temperature stratification of five mining lakes within the Eastern part of Germany was surveyed in the years 1997 and 1998. An intercomparison of the field data of daily average temperatures showed that surface temperatures of all five lakes ran in parallel throughout the year. Differences between lakes were smaller than the interannual variability of a single lake. This indicated that surface temperature could be considered a climatic magnitude only weakly depending on the particular mixing characteristics within the lakes, and thus would be suited for a boundary condition in numerical models. Under certain conditions, surface temperature data could be transferred from one lake to another, if the data set for a numerically modelled lake, e.g. for prognostication purposes, were incomplete or only very short.     

Environment and Deep-Sea Mining: A Perspective

As the quest for deep-sea mineral resources is gaining momentum, environment and ocean mining have become important aspects of study. Because many of these deposits occur in international waters, the concern for environmental conservation in view of the effects of deep-sea mining is resulting in these effects being studied in different oceans, and efforts to develop regulations governing this exploitation are also underway at national and international levels. The impact assessment of deep-sea mining needs to encompass a variety of subjects, including environmental, socioeconomic, technological, and legal aspects. At the same time, effects of in situ environmental conditions on mining activities also need to be considered for effecient performance by the mining system. Differences in the degree of impact have been noticed during the mining simulation experiments by different investigating agencies. Therefore, interparameter comparisons, standardization of methods, and improvement in mining design are important considerations for proper utilization of resources, conservation of environment, and cost efficiency of the mining operations.     

喀斯特山区地质灾害成因及治理方案

六盘水市位于喀斯特山区,地形复杂,稳定性差。因大量开采矿产资源,地质灾害较为严重。根据其地质灾害现状和成因,探讨了六盘水市地质灾害治理方案,以期为六盘水市的总体规划提供参考。     

焦作矿区岩溶水Cl-污染原因初探

焦作裂隙岩溶水系统是我国北方岩溶区发育比较典型的系统之一，岩溶水资源丰富，水质优良，是城市供水的主要水源，据近几年水质监测，岩溶水Cl^-逐年增加，水质变咸，在对焦作矿区地质，水文地质条件，岩溶水补给来源，地表污染源和污染途径分析的基础上，建立了二维非稳定溶质运移数值模拟模型，模拟了岩溶水Cl^-时空分布，证实岩溶水Cl^- 升高是人为污染所致，不同区域岩溶水有不同的污染源和污染途径。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711500002X

Discovery rates for all metals,including gold,are declining,the cost per significant discovery is increasing sharply,and the economic situation of the industry is one of low base rate.The current hierarchical structure of the exploration and mining industry makes this situation difficult to redress.Economic geologists can do little to influence the required changes to the overall structure and philosophy of an industry driven by business rather than geological principles.However,it should be possible to follow the lead of the oil industry and improve the success rate of greenfield exploration,necessary for the next group of lower-exploration-spend significant mineral deposit discoveries.Here we promote the concept that mineral explorers need to carefully consider the scale at which their exploration targets are viewed.It is necessary to carefully assess the potential of drill targets in terms of terrane to province to district scale,rather than deposit scale,where most current economic geology research and conceptual thinking is concentrated.If otogenic,IRGD,Carlin-style and 10 CG gold-rich systems are viewed at the deposit scale,they appear quite different in terms of conventionally adopted research parameters.However,recent models for these deposit styles show increasingly similar source-region parameters when viewed at the lithosphere scale,suggesting common tectonic settings.It is only by assessing individual targets in their tectonic context that they can be more reliably ranked in terms of potential to provide a significant drill discovery.Targets adjacent to craton margins,other lithosphere boundaries,and suture zones are clearly favoured for all of these gold deposit styles,and such exploration could lead to incidental discovery of major deposits of other metals sited along the same tectonic boundaries.     

Geochemical investigations of slags from the historical smelting in Freiberg, Erzgebirge (Germany)

The Freiberg area in the Saxon Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) represents one of the oldest mining districts in Germany. Argentiferous ore mineralizations with lead, zinc and copper are dominating in this region. Various waste products of mining can be found around Freiberg. In particular, the slags from ore smelting were and are regarded as unusable waste products. However, they preserve information on the smelting and weathering behaviour of slag, which makes them very useful sources of information for our purposes. To reconstruct the chemical processes during ore smelting, historical slag represents a most valuable archive. Therefore, the historical slag dump in Halsbach (Germany) was examined exemplarily for the Freiberg deposit. The slag was dumped approx. 400 years ago and is rich in lead. An interrelation between the slag and the metallurgical process applied can be made on the basis of chemical composition, appearance and microscopic results. The slags of the heap in Halsbach contain high concentrations of heavy metals (average contents in mg kg⁻¹: Zn 40,000; Pb 10,000; Cu 1500; U 1000). Enrichments of heavy metals in the organic-rich soil horizons within the range of the dump foot (maximum contents in the A-horizon in mg kg⁻¹: Zn 3719; Pb 9198; As 3017; Cu 963) imply a faint discharge of metals from the dump.     

马步坎高边坡采掘沉陷变形的有限元分析

本文通过现场地质调查及变形观测分析后提出．近百年来马步坎高边坡Ｔ３３岩组中煤层普遍被开采．使Ｔ３３上部坡体发生向坡外的掀斜沉陷．是导致坡顶后缘拉裂一沉陷进一步发展的直接原因。如无新的采掘活动、随着时间的推移．最终将会自行稳定下来。并通过有限元计算．模拟再现了采掘与坡顶后缘拉裂一沉陷变形的发展。     

四川省北川县擂鼓盆地地壳稳定性与城镇选址

5·12汶川地震造成四川多座县城遭受毁灭性破坏,北川县城几乎被地震夷为废墟,因此灾后重建选址成为震后迫切需要开展的工作。野外地质调查和综合分析认为,尽管北川县擂鼓镇所在的擂鼓盆地处于强烈活动构造带,但盆地处于活动断裂的下盘,盆地基底整体性较好,内部断裂不甚发育,是活动构造带中的相对稳定地块,即“安全岛”。这个地区在北川县地震灾后重建中具有重要的利用价值。本文基于野外活动断裂和地震地质灾害调查,运用李四光先生的“安全岛”理论,初步论证了擂鼓盆地的地壳稳定性,并从环境工程地质角度分析了擂鼓盆地的工程地质和水文地质条件,对北川县地震灾后重建规划和灾民安置场地选址具有重要意义。     

中亚五国矿业权管理与投资环境

中亚五国矿产资源丰富,与中国有较强的互补性。近年来双方在矿产资源方面的合作不断扩大,该地区已经成为中国矿山企业"走出去"的重要选择地之一。本文就中亚五国矿业管理与投资环境进行概要的介绍和分析,为我国企业投资中亚矿业提供一定的参考。     

南京市采石基地建设与整治点布局研究

介绍了南京市矿业形势和生态城市建设的形势,提出了南京市矿业环境整治的目标思路与技术路线,研究了采石基地及整治点布局项目。从采石业入手,对规划调整地区矿业格局,做了一些有益的尝试。