察尔汗盐湖S4层晶卤开采量评价

本文以察尔汗盐湖首采区开采条件下（包括已有取卤工程、设备类型、抽卤泵型、抽卤时间、抽卤量等）多年水动态观测资料为依据，采用开采抽水法对该区Ｓ_４层晶卤资源进行评价，并以其补给量保证程度提出了合理的开采量，以供生产、设计等部门制定优化开采方案参考．     

矿坑涌水量的地质分析与模拟──以三山岛金矿为例

本文充分利用地表及地下井巷揭露资料，配合物探成果推测深部水文地质条件。利用同位素 18O分析结果量化各种水体补给量，然后利用数值模型检验、校正上述成果，优选水文地质参数并进一步预测深部中段涌水量。考虑到模拟过程中某些未知因素，或未来开拓过程中工程措施的影响，本文对预测结果进行了必要的讨论和修订。     

A techno-economic model for optimum regeneration of surface mined land

The recent global scenario in the mineral sector may be characterized by rising competitiveness, increasing production costs and a slump in market price. This has pushed the mineral sector in general and that in the developing countries in particular to a situation where the industry has a limited capacity to sustain unproductive costs. This, more often than not, results in a situation where the industry fails to ensure environmental safeguards during and after mineral extraction. The situation is conspicuous in the Indian coal mining industry where more than 73% production comes from surface operations. India has an ambitious power augmentation projection for the coming 10 years. A phenomenal increase in coal production is proposed from the power grade coalfields in India. One of the most likely fall-outs of land degradation due to mining in these areas would be significant reduction of agricultural and other important land-uses. Currently, backfilling costs are perceived as prohibitive and abandonment of land is the easy way out. This study attempts to provide mine planners with a mathematical model that distributes generated overburden at defined disposal options while ensuring maximization of backfilled land area at minimum direct and economic costs. Optimization has been accomplished by linear programming (LP) for optimum distribution of each year’s generated overburden. Previous year’s disposal quantity outputs are processed as one set of the inputs to the LP model for generation of current year’s disposal output. From various geo-mining inputs, site constants of the LP constraints are calculated. Arrived value of economic vectors, which guide the programming statement, decides the optimal overburden distribution in defined options. The case example (with model test run) indicates that overburden distribution is significantly sensitive to coal seam gradient. The model has universal applicability to cyclic system (shovel–dumper combination) of opencast mining of stratified deposits.     

The “battle of gold” under the light of green economics: a case study from Greece

Mining firms stimulate local and national economies but this comes at a certain cost. In the light of increasing public concern, external costs of environmental degradation and social disruption are no longer of pure academic interest. The assessment of mining projects on the grounds of sustainable development is critical in order to decide whether the exploitation of mineral resources is socially desirable. In practice, few steps have been taken towards this end. In this paper, a case study is illustrated that provides the means for evaluating the social worthiness of mining projects. The analysis, which is the first of its kind in Greece, deals with a major problem of the mining industry: the gold debate on the grounds of green economics. The assessment is based on the social cost–benefit approach. Well-established techniques (e.g. benefit transfer) and innovative approaches have been adopted to overcome various practical problems     

四川省矿区地质环境评价系统空间数据库设计

四川省矿区地质环境评价系统空间数据库采用面向对象的Geodatabase地理数据模型,通过ArcSDE空间数据引擎连接,把空间数据都存储在关系数据库Oracle 9i中。结合矿区基础地理数据与矿山环境、地质灾害、基础类、地质等专题数据,构建核心矿区空间地理信息框架和基于B/S和C/S的系统,实现有效地存储、管理和发布四川省各地矿区研究中所获得的大量宝贵的资料。     

土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿钻井工程MWD实地校核

土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿采卤工程是目前世界范围内采用对接井水溶开采方法进行采矿的最大规模的天然碱采矿工程。在对接井施工过程中，由于出现了地磁变化异常和地质条件变化，致使MWD导向系统出现了一定偏差。为减少仪器偏差，设计并对仪器进行了实地校核。校核结果表明，探管的安装条件对其数据精度有较大的影响。其校核结果被应用于实际生产中，起到了良好的指导作用。     

The Origin and Evolution of Safe-Yield Policies in the Kansas Groundwater Management Districts

The management of groundwater resources in Kansas continues to evolve. Declines in theHigh Plains aquifer led to the establishment of groundwater management districts in themid-1970s and reduced streamflows prompted the enactment of minimum desirable streamflowstandards in the mid-1980s. Nonetheless, groundwater levels and streamflows continued todecline, although at reduced rates compared to premid-1980s rates. As a result, safe-yieldpolicies were revised to take into account natural groundwater discharge in the form of streambaseflow. These policies, although a step in the right direction, are deficient in several ways.In addition to the need for more accurate recharge data, pumping-induced streamflow depletion,natural stream losses, and groundwater evapotranspiration need to be accounted for in therevised safe-yield policies. Furthermore, the choice of the 90% flow-duration statistic as ameasure of baseflow needs to be reevaluated, as it significantly underestimates mean baseflowestimated from baseflow separation computer programs; moreover, baseflow estimation needsto be refined and validated.     

Methodology for the Process Based Acquisition and Assessment of Non-Intended Outputs in the Mining Industry

For the activities of the mining industry land, equipment, material, and energy are used. During operation material and energy flows such as overburden, dead rock, tailings, wastewater, exhaust air, dust, energy, abrasion, coolant and lubricant losses, are released. These released material and energy flows are nearly always without value for the raw material supply chain as they are not production targets. Instead, they have negative effects on the economy and ecology and are, therefore, referred to as ‘non-intended’. The knowledge of the quantities and qualities of these non-intended outputs as a function of the processes and their parameters is the basis for technical and economical measures. A methodology for the acquisition and assessment of the material and energy flows in the mining industry was developed and tested at the Technical University Berlin, Germany. For that purpose and based on a system analysis in different mines, all relevant material and energy flows were assigned to individual processes. Causal relationships, possible interactions, quantities, and qualities were examined as functions of system parameters. Finally, a technical and economic evaluation was performed.     

多时相遥感数据在矿山扩展动态监测中的应用

矿山开采会造成植被生态破坏，植被覆盖的变化间接反映矿区扩展变化。以攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿矿区为例，首先采用土壤调 节大气耐抗植被指数差值模型提取矿区扩展变化，然后用最大似然监督分类得到矿区扩展信息，接着在ArcView 9.1下将二者结果 进行叠加“与”分析，得到矿山扩展动态信息，最后将结果与2005年专家解译分类结果进行比较，精度达到95.3%。     

大数据与数学地球科学研究进展——大数据与数学地球科学专题代序

大数据与数学地球科学的核心应用技术包括高维数据降维、图像数据处理、无限数据流挖掘、机器学习、关联规则算法与推荐系统算法等。人工智能地质学,包括大数据-智能矿床成因模型与找矿模型的构建,是具有重要价值的研究方向。高维数据降维旨在从初始高维特征集合中选出低维特征集合,有效地消除无关和冗余特征,增强学习结果的易理解性。哈希算法、聚类分析、主成分分析等是较常用的数学降维工具。机器学习是人工智能的核心,是使计算机具有智能的根本途径。机器学习与人工智能各种基础问题的统一性观点正在形成。深度学习的训练模型往往需要海量数据作为支撑,因此迁移学习方法日益受到重视。图像模式识别是大数据挖掘的重要技术。网络中的社区结构识别对理解整个网络的结构和功能有重要价值,可帮助分析、预测网络各元素间的交互关系。沉浸式虚拟现实技术是实现大数据可视化的重要方向,对具有多元、异构、时空性、非线性、多尺度地质矿产勘查数据的展示要求有特别的价值。引入VR技术进行矿产地质大数据的可视化,可实现大数据时代矿产勘查数据的新认知。无限数据流在地质、地球化学、地球物理监测中大量存在,甚至可以持续自动产生。对数据流数据的计算包括对点查询、范围查询、内积查询、分位数计算、频繁项计算等。关联规则和推荐系统算法是大数据挖掘中的重要算法,其应用范围越来越广泛。贝叶斯原理在大数据时代有独特的价值,贝叶斯网络是成因建模的一个革命性工具。智能地质学研究刚刚起步,构建大数据-智能矿床成因模型与找矿模型是智能地质学研究的重要内容。矿床模型研究方式的变革,将出现于互联网、云计算技术环境下全球各地的矿床研究团队的共同参与。