深圳职业技术学院高陡边坡工程爆破地震效应观测研究

介绍了深圳职业技术学院高陡边坡工程爆破地震效应观测选择的观测物理量及观测系统,概述了测点的布置及安全震动速度的选取,实测结果表明,跟踪监测并根据监测结果指导下一炮爆破参数整是确保安全的好方法。     

Geochemistry of Palaeoproterozoic volcanic rocks of the Iricoumé Group,Pitinga Mining District,Amazonian craton,Brazil

The Iricoumé Group includes 1.88 Ga volcanic units of the Iricoumé–Mapuera volcano-plutonic association, part of the Uatumã magmatic series in the Guyana shield portion of the Amazonian craton. In the Pitinga Mining District, these rocks consist dominantly of felsic trachyte to rhyolite, associated with voluminous ignimbrite and minor ash-fall tuffs and surge deposits. Mafic rocks are present as basaltic clasts within volcanic breccias, and mostly as mafic microgranular enclaves in the associated Mapuera plutonic rocks. The felsic rocks have high contents of SiO₂, FeO_t, K₂O, Rb, and alkalis; low TiO₂, CaO, Sr, Ba, Nb, Ta, and Eu; and show metaluminous to weakly peraluminous bulk-rock compositions. They exhibit alkaline geochemical features, expressed by Na₂O?+?K₂O averages of 8.8 wt.%, FeO_t/(FeO_t?+?MgO) ≥ 0.8, and high Ga/Al ratios, compatible with A-type magmas. The studied samples plot in the field of within-plate or post-collisional rocks in a (Nb?+?Y) versus Rb diagram. Nb/Y ratios indicate that they are comparable to A2-type rocks which, allied with their high LREE/Nb ratios, suggest that they were produced from mantle sources modified by previous subduction in a post-collisional setting. Two compositional populations of Ca-amphibole, a Mg-rich (actinolite to Mg-hornblende) and a Fe-rich one (Fe-edenite to Fe-pargasite, Fe-hornblende and Fe-actinolite), characterize the Iricoumé Group volcanics. The Fe-rich amphiboles crystallized under lower fO₂ and higher pressure conditions compared with the Mg-rich amphiboles, indicating different levels of crystallization or re-equilibration during ascent of the magmas. Zircons from rhyolites show trace-element compositions typical of magmatic crystals with high Th/U ratios, and REE patterns compatible with zircon-melt partition coefficients for silicic magma compositions. Their relatively lower zircon/rock partition coefficients are due to early apatite crystallization. Fractional crystallization mainly of plagioclase-hornblende and biotite-alkali feldspar with minor amounts of apatite explains the geochemical trends observed in the felsic Iricoumé volcanic rocks.     

济宁市采煤塌陷地引湖充填复垦模式初探

济宁市采煤塌陷地数量巨大,塌陷地复垦任务艰巨,主要的原因是没有足够的填充物复垦塌陷地,利用运河航道清淤及湖泊泥浆充填能很好地解决这一难题。从济宁市采煤塌陷地现状分布、破坏程度入手,对治理模式进行剖析,根据多年来运河航道的清淤、湖泊泥浆充填工程的有益经验,探讨南四湖周围塌陷地引湖充填复垦的可行性。     

冀中能源张家口矿业集团有限公司煤炭资源危机程度评估

冀中能源张家口矿业集团有限公司地处冀西北,煤炭资源丰富,是河北省主要煤产地之一。由于多年开采强度大,后备资源严重匮乏,至2008年末,保有可采储量10023.1万t,按矿井实际能力375万t/a计算,剩余服务年限仅19.1a。按照《全国危机矿山接替资源找矿规划纲要》对危机矿山的定义,张矿集团中的康宝公司土城子井、涿鹿公司西寺湾井、怀来公司为资源严重危机矿山,康宝公司张纪井、蔚西公司、涿鹿公司西山坡井为资源中度危机矿山,牛西分公司为资源轻度危机矿山,宣东二号煤矿、涿鹿公司黄土湾井为无资源危机矿山。加强老矿区外围及深部找煤工作迫在眉睫。     

矿业开发活动的高分辨率遥感影像解译标志

以IKONOS 1m分辨率遥感影像为例,对矿业开发活动中按露天开采面、开采硐口、固体废弃物、尾矿库、中转场地、矿山建筑等进行分类研究,总结以上六类地物在高分辨率遥感影像上的解译标志。     

Mineralogy and speciation of Zn and As in Fe-oxide-clay aggregates in the mining waste at the MVT Zn–Pb deposits near Olkusz,Poland

Oxidation zones of ore deposits offer valuable insights into the long-term fate of many metals and metalloids. In this work, we have studied a paleo-acid rock drainage (ARD) system – the oxidation zone of Mississippi-valley type Zn–Pb deposits near Olkusz in southern Poland. The ARD systems exhausted their acid-generating capacity and have come almost to the conclusion of the mineral and geochemical transformations. Primary pyrite, marcasite, galena and sphalerite have been decomposed but the acidity was neutralized by the abundant carbonate host rocks. Zinc is stored in smithsonite, hemimorphite, and Zn-rich sheet aluminosilicates. Some of these minerals formed simultaneously with the oxidation zone but some precipitated in the soils in situ, thus documenting the mobility of Zn, Al, and Si in the soils. Iron oxides are represented mostly by goethite, either well-crystalline or nanocrystalline, as determined by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction, micro-X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Iron oxides bind a substantial amount of arsenic, to a lesser extent also zinc, lead, and cadmium, as shown by electron microprobe analyses and sequential extractions. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy data of the local environment of arsenic in goethite suggest the existence of bidentate mononuclear complex, in addition to the more common bidentate binuclear complex. These results suggest that arsenic is incorporated in the crystal structure of goethite, in addition to adsorbed to the surface of the particles or occluded in the voids and pores. Zinc is bound in goethite as a mixture of tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated cations. This study shows that the mature system binds the metals from the primary sulfides relatively strongly. Yet, some release of the metals was observed in this study, either in the laboratory (by sequential extractions) and in nature (e.g., neoformed Zn phyllosilicates). The physical conditions in the oxidation zone and on the surface are largely similar but the metals, to a certain extent, are still mobile in the soils. We may speculate that their mobility near the surface, in the mining waste, may be enhanced by a higher water/rock ratio than in the oxidation zone. This result implies that although the studied material is relatively benign, it still has a potential to cause local environmental problems.     

个旧矿区水文地质现状及地下水保护与利用

云南省个旧大型锡多金属矿山,矿区面积大,几百年来的采矿活动导致矿区水文地质环境遭受强力改造,地下水补给、迳流、排泄条件明显变异,分水岭迁移,甚至造成局部污染.针对矿区目前的水文地质现状,建议开展水文地质调查与监测,采取措施,既加强地下水保护,也充分提高水资源利用率.     

多基线距DInSAR反演河南省永城煤矿区地表形变

永城是河南省重要的煤炭生产基地,煤矿开采后形成的塌陷区中有70%以上是耕地,已严重威胁到当地居民的生产生活秩序以及生命财产安全,迫切需要采用快速高效的技术手段获取塌陷区的信息来为相关部门提供决策依据;研究中选用2004～2006年的6景ASAR数据,采用基于相干目标的多基线距DInSAR技术对河南永城煤矿区的地表形变进行反演;研究中采用的地表形变反演技术克服了传统DInSAR技术失相干的问题,反演得出的地表形变的范围和程度与调查结果相吻合,表明该项技术具有很强的实用性和推广性;最后分析反演误差产生的原因并提出今后可采用L波段以及多平台联合监测来提高煤矿区地表形变的精度。     

采煤对采兔沟水库水源保护区的影响及对策

结合采兔沟水库水源保护区内的地质、地貌、植被等特征,以神东锦界煤矿为例,分析了当地煤炭开采对保护区内含水层结构、地下水水量和地下水水质等方面的影响,得出每年因煤炭开采造成的地下水排泄量为843万m^3;简述了采煤对保护区内生态环境造成的影响;结合当前保护区内实际情况,提出了依法管理、严格限制新入区煤矿数量、水权交换、政府补助煤矿治理等几项开采和治理的合理建议。     

滇东南几个重要的微细粒浸染型金矿层位

南盘江三叠系浊积盆地,是滇黔桂"金三角"重要组成部分,黔西南、桂西北已成为国内微粒浸染型金矿的重要产地。滇东南还存在另外几个产金层位,有进一步研究和开发价值。