Benthic Disturbance and Impact Experiments in the Central Indian Ocean Basin

As a part of the Environmental Impact Assessment studies for nodule mining, a long-term program has been initiated in the Central Indian Basin. Multidisciplinary studies on geological, biological, physical, and chemical parameters were carried out in an area selected on the basis of baseline data collected in the first phase of the program. A benthic disturbance was simulated with a hydraulic device also used in the previous experiments in the Pacific Ocean. A site of 3,000 ×200 m was repeatedly disturbed by a combination of fluidizing pump and suction pump to dislodge and discharge sediment from the seafloor into the water column 5 m above the seafloor. During 9 days of operation, 26 tows were carried out for 47 h of disturbance, resuspending about 6,000 m 3 of sediment along an 88-km line. Data for postdisturbance impact assessment were collected with sediment traps, deep-towed cameras, seafloor samples, and conductivity-temperature depth sensor (CTD)-rosette observations. Seafloor data, sediment samples, and water column studies were aimed at evaluating the impact of benthic disturbance, on the basis of pre- and postdisturbance data collected during the experiment. Observations show that vertical mixing of sediment as well as its lateral movement and resedimentation because of plume migration alters various parameters and leads to changes in the environment around the area.     

长江口滨岸湿地环境信息系统的建立与应用

长江口滨岸湿地环境信息系统 (Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetland Environmental Information System,简称YETWEIS)是一个适用于长江口滨岸湿地环境管理与决策的软件系统。该系统基于MapObjects组件技术、数据挖掘技术和数学建模方法,以Visual Basic为开发平台,功能包括对长江口滨岸湿地环境信息的显示、编辑、查询检索、信息统计、空间分析、专题地图编制和环境质量评价等。本文首先介绍了YETWEIS的体系结构、实现技术和主要功能,然后重点对专题地图编制模块和环境质量评价模块的实现思想进行了阐述,同时对水体、沉积物、大气环境质量评价方法、污染因子权重确定方法、基于熵值法的环境质量综合评价方法进行了深入探讨,并利用YETWEIS分析了长江口滨岸湿地2002年重金属和持久性有机污染物的空间分布特征,并对长江口滨岸湿地2003年环境质量进行了系统评价。     

新集矿区煤层气的生储特征及示范开发

根据已有的勘探资料,利用气体地球化学、煤岩有机化学、煤变质程度和构造演化史等分析手段,对新集矿区煤层气的生成条件、保存演化史及保存条件等煤储层特征,进行了较系统地研究。在此基础上,选用水力压裂增产强化措施,采用先进的压裂软件进行优化设计,在示范区取得了国内同等地质条件下煤层气开发产气量最大,稳产时间最长的成果。      

Social license and the fear of Mineras Interruptus

This review article offers a critique of the social license concept, and of the debate surrounding it. In order to best understand what is meant by “social license”, one must look beyond its constituent terminology and instead examine the core drivers of contemporary mining practice. The working assumption inside the industry is that if disapproval becomes too intense there is a chance that members of the community will interrupt mining activities. This is what I refer to as ‘the fear of Mineras Interruptus’. If there is any meaning to attribute to the term ‘social license to operate’ – it is to be found in the fear of losing access – because other factors relating to social performance or benefits are considered peripheral. The author argues that the mining industry’s adoption and application of the concept should be viewed critically and not promoted on face value.     

Using multiple spectral feature analysis for quantitative pH mapping in a mining environment

The pH is one of the major chemical parameters affecting the results of remediation programs carried out at abandoned mines and dumps and one of the major parameters controlling heavy metal mobilization and speciation. This study is concerned with testing the feasibility of estimating surface pH on the basis of airborne hyperspectral (HS) data (HyMap). The work was carried on the Sokolov lignite mine, as it represents a site with extreme material heterogeneity and high pH gradients. First, a geochemical conceptual model of the site was defined. Pyrite, jarosite or lignite were the diagnostic minerals of very low pH (<3.0), jarosite in association with goethite indicated increased pH (3.0–6.5) and goethite alone characterized nearly neutral or higher pH (>6.5). It was found that these minerals have absorption feature parameters which are common for both forms, individual minerals as well as parts of the mixtures, while the shift to longer wavelengths of the absorption maximum centered between 0.90 and 1.00 μm is the main parameter that allows differentiation among the ferric minerals. The multi range spectral feature fitting (MRSFF) technique was employed to map the defined end-members indicating certain pH ranges in the HS image datasets. This technique was found to be sensitive enough to assess differences in the desired spectral parameters (e.g., absorption shape, depth and indirectly maximum absorption wavelength position). Furthermore, the regression model using the fit images, the results of MRSFF, as inputs was constructed (R² = 0.61, Rv² = 0.76) to estimate the surface pH. This study represents one of the few approaches employing image spectroscopy for quantitative pH modeling in a mining environment and the achieved results demonstrate the potential application of hyperspectral remote sensing as an efficient method for environmental monitoring.     

对我国矿产资源立法中意见吸纳机制的思考——我国《矿产资源法》立法方法探讨

矿产资源立法是系统工程,需要想提高立法质量,需要做大量的准备和建立恰当的意见吸纳机制。应尽早确定矿产资源法立法宗旨、法律框架等事关全局的内容,且在立法全程中保持基本稳定。改变"串联"意见吸纳模式,建立或虚拟代表不同利益方的主体,采取"并联"模式吸纳意见。设置阶段性、交互式的"擂台",让利益博弈和协调在高位阶上进行。立法机构应充当"法官"角色,采纳科学合理的决策机制,进行最终的价值判断和选择。     

中非共和国矿业市场概况

中非共和国地处非洲中心,地质勘查程度低,矿产资源潜力较大。本文主要介绍了中非共和国国家概况、矿产资源开发现状、矿业投资政策与法规,以供有意赴中非共和国投资矿业者参考。     

津巴布韦矿业投资环境

津巴布韦矿产资源非常丰富,铂族金属、金刚石生产在世界上占有重要地位。矿业是津巴布韦经济的重要支柱。近几年来矿业发展迅速,铂族金属、金刚石和金等重要矿产品的产量较大幅度增长。本文针对津巴布韦的矿业开发、矿业立法、税收政策等方面进行了较系统的介绍和分析,供有意赴津巴布韦投资矿业者参考。     

基于层次分析法的缅甸矿业投资风险分析

随着我国综合国力和国际竞争力的加强,越来越多的中国企业走出国门,进入国外的矿产资源投资市场。但是,由于各国的矿业政策法规频繁调整,矿产资源对外投资不确定性增加,使得中国企业参与全球矿产资源配置的风险持续扩大。另外,矿业项目投资风险在矿业项目投资的筹划、实施过程中是客观存在的。风险分析是矿业项目评估的重要内容之一。本文采用层次分析法对影响矿业投资的各个风险因素进行了分析评价,以便企业可以对缅甸投资环境有较好的了解,更好地参与缅甸的矿产市场投资。     

纳米比亚矿业投资环境分析

纳米比亚矿产资源非常丰富,其中金刚石和铀矿生产在世界上占有重要位置。纳米比亚矿产资源开发潜力巨大,受到国际矿业投资者的关注。本文针对该国的矿产资源、矿业立法、税收政策等方面的内容进行了较系统的介绍和分析,供有意赴纳米比亚投资矿业者参考。