Sediment transport in ice-covered channels

The existence of ice cover has important effects on sediment transport and channel morphology for rivers in areas with an annual occurrence of an ice season. The interaction of sediment transport and s...     

缅甸莫苇塘红土型镍矿成矿地质条件

莫苇塘Mwetaung山硅酸镍矿属次生风化淋滤矿物。由硅酸镍赋存在蛇纹岩化基岩的溶液中,流动的渗透水、热带气候和地形条件均有利于该矿床的形成。     

Scour and flow field around a spur dike in a 90° bend

Spur dike is an important element in fiver training that creates rapid variations in flow field, sediment transport and bed topography. The mechanism of flow and sediment transport in a channel bend is very complex, especially when a spur dike is constructed in a bend. Most of previous investigations on flow behavior and scour around spur dike were carried out in straight channels. In this paper results of experiments on flow field and scour around a spur dike in a 90 degree channel bend are presented, Sand with uniform grain size was used as the bed material, Experiments were conducted for different locations and different lengths of spur dikes at the bend with different values of discharge, The three dimensional flow fields around a spur dike were investigated, The maximum depth of scour was correlated to the Froude numbers, lengths and the locations of spur dike in the bend.     

Use of Large-Eddy Simulation for the bed shear stress estimation over a dune

Environmental flows are generally characterized by complex bed morphology and high current speeds. Such configurations favor the formation of vortex structures that strongly affect hydrody-namics and sediment transport. Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) enables investigation of the dynam-ics of the largest turbulence scales and, thanks to enhanced calculation resources, has now become applicable for simulating environmental flows. In this paper, a LES approach is developed in a CFD code (TELEMAC-3D), which was originally developed to simulate free surface flows using RANS methods. The present developments involve implementing subgrid models, boundary con-ditions and numerical schemes suitable for LES. The LES version of TELEMAC-3D was validated by comparing results on the model with experimental data for flow past a cylinder. Then, the model was applied to a test case representing flow over dunes. After validating the hydrodynamics, the model was used to assess the bottom shear stress, using both a RANS and a LES approach. Com-parison highlighted the potential contribution of LES to investigating the hydrodynamic forces acting on the bottom.     

Geophysical down-hole recognition of the Lower Devonian ‘Psammosteus’ Limestone and Townsend Tuff Bed,South Wales

Geophysical down-hole logs from the Maesteg and Senghenydd boreholes permit the recognition of the Townsend Tuff Bed and ‘Psammosteus’ Limestone markers on the basis of distinctive log motifs. The thickness of the interval between these markers is greater than at basin-margin localities and may be an indication of rapid deposition in the centre of the Anglo-Welsh basin in Lower Devonian times.     

张掖国家地质公园白垩系下沟组叶肢介化石的发现及古生态与古环境

张掖国家地质公园红山湾白垩纪单型盆地是张掖—民乐盆地的重要组成部分,长期缺乏可靠的生物地层和古生态与古环境研究。本文首次报道了该区下白垩统下沟组叶肢介化石,包括1个种和3个未定种:Eosestheria ovate、E.sp.。结合首次发现的大古植物化石Claophlebis、Podozamites、微古植物化石和前人同位素测年结果,认为地质公园红山湾一带成景地层属于Aptian阶,应为Aptian中晚期。通过对叶肢介个体8个特征参数进行测量,运用PAST软件进行常规统计分析与多元统计分析,按照生态系统,结合发现的大古、微古植物化石,将早白垩世红山湾盆地划分为陆地水生和陆生生态系统,对沉积盆地古生态与古环境进行了恢复与重建。     

ON THE PREDICTION OF TRANSIENT BED LEVELS DUE TO AGGRADATION AND DEGRADATION INCLUDING ARMOURING

ＯＮＴＨＥＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＲＡＮＳＩＥＮＴＢＥＤＬＥＶＥＬＳＤＵＥＴＯＡＧＧＲＡＤＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＤＥＧＲＡＤＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＬＵＤＩＮＧＡＲＭＯＵＲＩＮＧＡ．Ｂ．ＰＡＬＡＮＩＡＰＰＡＮ１,Ｒ．Ｊ．ＧＡＲＤＥ２ａｎｄＰ．Ｎ．ＧＯＤＢＯＬＥ３...     

长江口南支河床质的运动规律

对长江口南支河床不同地貌单元上河床质的组成进行了分析,并通过室内环形水槽试验和现场资料分析、验证,得出不同河床质的运动规律,然后在分析各家泥砂运动公式的基础上,得出适合于长江口南支河床质的运动表达式。     

黄河三角洲北部潮间带沉积物的粒度特征

根据1964－1976年在黄河河口区选取的两条潮滩断面水准测量和底质粒度分析资料，并对样品用激光粒度仪进行分析，探讨黄河三角洲北部潮滩对黄河口南迁的响应。结果表明，在开敞程度较高的断面，潮间带狭窄，水边线附近形成贝壳担，从高潮位到低潮位粒径变细、分选性变差，表现出波浪作用特征；在开敞程度较低的断面，潮间带较宽，由高潮位向中潮位沉积物逐渐变粗，再向下粒径基本不变，从高潮位到低潮位分选变好，潮流作用较为显著。此外，两断面下部均形成了波浪侵蚀陡坎。这些特征说明黄河改道后，这晨岩滩波浪作用加强，其侵蚀效应已显现出来。     

Quantification of uncertainty in design water levels due to uncertain bed form roughness in the Dutch river Waal

Hydrodynamic river models are applied to design and evaluate measures for purposes such as safety against flooding. The modelling of river processes involves numerous uncertainties, resulting in uncertain model results. Knowledge of the type and magnitude of these uncertainties is crucial for a meaningful interpretation of the model results. Uncertainty in the hydraulic roughness due to bed forms is one of the main contributors to the uncertainty in the modelled water levels. The aim of this study was to quantify the uncertainty in the bed form roughness under design conditions and quantify the effect on the design water levels in the Dutch river Waal. Five roughness models that predict bed form roughness based on measured bed form and flow characteristics were extrapolated to design conditions. The results show that the 95% confidence interval of the predicted Nikuradse roughness values under design conditions ranges from 0.32 to 1.03 m. This uncertainty was propagated through the two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model, WAQUA, by means of a Monte Carlo simulation for an idealized schematization of the Dutch river Waal. The uncertain bed form roughness results in an uncertainty in the design water levels, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.53 m, which is significant for Dutch river management practice. The uncertainty in the bed form roughness was mainly caused by a lack of knowledge about the physical process of bed form evolution that causes roughness. An improved estimation of bed form roughness can significantly reduce the uncertainty in the design water levels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.