Timescale of material circulation in subduction zone: U–Pb zircon and K–Ar phengite double‐dating of the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex in the Ikeda district,central Shikoku,southwest Japan

We have estimated the timescale of material circulation in the Sanbagawa subduction zone based on U–Pb zircon and K–Ar phengite dating in the Ikeda district, central Shikoku. The Minawa and Koboke units are major constituents of the high‐P Sanbagawa metamorphic complex in Shikoku, southwest Japan. For the Minawa unit, ages of 92–81 Ma for the trench‐fill sediments, are indicated, whereas the age of ductile deformation and metamorphism of garnet and chlorite zones are 74–72 Ma and 65 Ma, respectively. Our results and occurrence of c. 150 Ma Besshi‐type deposits formed at mid‐ocean ridge suggest that the 60‐Myr‐old Izanagi Plate was subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate at c. 90 Ma, and this observation is consistent with recent plate reconstructions. For the Koboke unit, the depositional ages of the trench‐fill sediments and the dates for the termination of ductile deformation and metamorphism are estimated at c. 76–74 and 64–62 Ma, respectively. In the Ikeda district, the depositional ages generally become younger towards lower structural levels in the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex. Our results of U–Pb and K–Ar dating show that the circulation of material from the deposition of the Minawa and Koboke units at the trench through an active high‐P metamorphic domain to the final exhumation from the domain occurred continuously throughout c. 30 Myr (from c. 90 to 60 Ma).     

Lithological,structural, and chronological relationships between the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Complex and the Cretaceous Shimanto Accretionary Complex on the central Kii Peninsula,SW Japan

It is essential to clarify the lithological, structural, and chronological relationships between the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Complex (MC) and the Cretaceous Shimanto Accretionary Complex (AC) for understanding the tectonic evolution of SW Japan. To this end, we carried out a detailed field survey of the Sanbagawa MC and the Cretaceous Shimanto AC on the central Kii Peninsula, where they are in direct contact with each other. We also conducted U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from these complexes. The field survey showed that the boundary between the Iro Complex of the Sanbagawa MC and the Mugitani Complex of the Shimanto AC, Narai Fault, shows a sinistral sense of shear with a reverse dip‐slip component, and there are significant differences in the strain intensity and the degree of recrystallization between the two complexes across this fault. Detrital zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the Iro Complex in the hanging wall of the Narai Fault shows a significantly younger maximum depositional age than the Mugitani Complex in the footwall of the fault, and an apparently large gap in the MDA of ca. 35 Myr exists across this fault. This large age gap across the Narai Fault suggests that this fault is an essential tectonic boundary fault within the Cretaceous accretionary–metamorphic complexes on the Kii Peninsula, and is considered to be an out‐of‐sequence thrust. In addition, a similar shear direction and a large age gap have been identified across the Ui Thrust, which marks the boundary between the Kouyasan and Hidakagawa belts of the Cretaceous Shimanto AC. The Cretaceous accretionary–metamorphic complexes record the large‐scale tectonic juxtapositions of complexes, and these juxtaposed structures had been caused by sinistral–reverse movements on the tectonic boundary faults such as the Narai Fault and the Ui Thrust.     

南海西南部深水水道的多波束地形与多道反射地震研究

基于高分辨率多波束地形与多道地震资料精细解释,发现了南海西南部陆坡区5条大型深水水道.这5条水道可分成两类:1、5号水道延伸短,横剖面呈V形,弯曲度低,属顺直水道,侵蚀作用主导;2—4号水道延伸长,横剖面呈U形,弯曲度高,属弯曲水道,侵蚀-沉积作用主导.水道走向NEE-NE,长度大于350km的有2条,宽度最大达2km,切割深度最大达150m.推测这些水道是陆源物质重力流作用形成的,是该区陆源物质通过陆架输送到南海西南次海盆的重要通道.陆坡区这些水道基本发育天然堤.在下游区域第二长的2号水道谷底明显高于周缘海底,水道-天然堤沉积已逐渐演变为朵叶沉积.这些水道的深部对应基底隆起区,说明深部构造的晚期活动控制了水道的平面位置,重力流与深部构造晚期活动共同控制了水道的形成演化.     

Geological controls on BSR occurrences in the incipient arc-continent collision zone off southwest Taiwan

Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) observed on seismic sections are often considered as indicators for the existence of free gas, delineating the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. Abundant BSRs seen on seismic sections acquired off the SW coast of Taiwan indicate the likely and prevalent existence of gas hydrates in the study area. This study aims to characterize the occurrence of BSRs off SW Taiwan and to understand their relationship to topography, tectonic activity, and possible migration paths of gas-bearing fluids in this area.     

Macrobenthic colonization on the derelict Fisheries Vessel Khronometer,Cristo Rey Submarine Park,Argentina

We investigated the fouling community on the Fisheries Vessel (F/V) Khronometer during a 3‐year period, from its sinking, by means of video transects. The results demonstrate that the shipwreck presented high macroinvertebrate coverage from the first survey (100 days after sinking). The most conspicuous organisms were cnidarians, followed by amphipods and serpulids (tubes). The hydroid Ectopleura crocea was the most abundant colonizer in the early stages; the sea anemone Anthothoe chilensis and the azooxanthellate soft coral Tripalea clavaria were abundant 2 years after the vessel sank. Interestingly, shipwreck coverage and species composition at the end of the sampling period (940 days after sinking) were similar to those of the wood vessel Cristo Rey, which sank 36 years before the Khronometer. Besides, some different taxa from that seen on video transects were identified from samples taken during dives, corresponding to isolated organisms with scarce abundance or cryptic habits. Moreover, four reef fish species were recorded. Shipwrecks represent interesting places for recreational activities such as diving and fishing. This is the only study about the early development of an invertebrate community on artificial reefs in Buenos Aires coast, Argentina. Monitoring natural and artificial substrata could help to understand the ecological patterns occurring around them and provide information to help manage artificial reefs in sustainable ways.     

上海洋山国际深水港建设对洋山海域波浪分布特征的影响研究

本文针对洋山深水港建设引起的洋山海域波浪特征的变化进行分析研究,通过对长序列洋山波浪观测资料分析,确定SE、NW、S、NE、E 5个典型浪向为代表浪向,采用基于波能守恒的第三代波浪模型,计算建港过程间隔10a的2个典型建设时期,即洋山建港初期(2002年)和洋山建港后期(2012年)的极端高水位下50a一遇波浪场。研究表明,10年洋山深水港的建设使港区内的波浪场分布发生了显著的改变,工程建设后期港区NE、E、NW向波高均有不同程度减小,目前港区前沿受SE向波浪影响明显,50a一遇波高可达2.5m以上,波向基本与工程前沿走势保持一致,4期工程前沿NE向波周期增加6.6%,对船舶作业及靠离港的安全有一定影响,需引起关注。     

一次西南低涡形成过程的数值试验和诊断——Ⅱ:涡度方程和能量转换函数的诊断分析

本文是对第一部分的数值试验结果进行涡度方程以及位能、散度风动能和旋转风动能之间的能量转换函数诊断分析,并讨论了地形动力作用和潜热加热影响西南低涡形成和发展的物理过程.结果表明:从涡度收支上看,地形和潜热加热通过增大辐合使涡度增加.从能量转换上看,在低层地形和潜热加热加强位能向散度风动能转换以及散度风动能向旋转风动能转换;在高层,地形通过加强旋转风动能向散度风动能转换,使高空辐散增强,而潜热加热通过加强位能向散度风动能转换亦使高空辐散增强.     

SOUTHWEST MONSOON SURGE AND ITS WEATHER IMPACT

The sustained rainfall process on May 13-22, 2004 was one of the pre-summer rainy periods in the south of China. It was related with the genesis and development of a SW monsoon surge over the Bay of Bengal. From the synoptic analysis it is found that the genesis and development of the SW monsoon surge may be divided approximately into the initial, developing and decaying stages. During the rainfall the Southern Hemisphere cross-equatorial flow over the Indian Ocean plays a triggering role.     

黔西南卡林型金矿床与区域古油藏的关系:来自流体包裹体气相组成和沥青拉曼光谱特征的证据

黔西南地区是世界第二大卡林型金矿床集中区,同时也发育有大量古油藏,二者空间关系密切,但是否具有成因联系目前尚不清楚且存在较大争议。本文报道该区典型金矿床与成矿有关的热液矿物中流体包裹体的气相组成和高品位金矿石中沥青的激光拉曼光谱分析结果,以探讨含有机质流体与金成矿作用之间的关系。研究表明,虽然含砷富金黄铁矿、石英、方解石、萤石和雄黄等热液矿物形成于不同的成矿阶段,但其中流体包裹体的有机气相组分种类、含量及相对比例整体较为一致,表明成矿流体中的有机络离子团在成矿作用过程中没有发生明显的分解或重组,进而说明黔西南卡林型金矿成矿作用过程中有机质并未以有机络离子团的形式对金进行有效搬运或其搬运金的能力非常有限。在N2/Ar-CO2/CH4流体来源判别图解中,各蚀变矿物中的流体包裹体气相组成主要落在循环的大气降水区域,经大气水区域向岩浆流体区域延伸,整体上构成一条非常好的线性分布趋势,暗示成矿流体可能起源于深部岩浆但在演化过程中有大量循环大气水的加入。水银洞金矿床的1件石英样品偏离上述趋势线并向有机流体方向偏移,可能反映了流体迁移过程中有机质的加入。该区金矿床的矿石中均不同程度地发育浸染状沥青,不同矿床中沥青的激光拉曼光谱特征基本一致,说明该区金矿床中的沥青具有相同成因。根据沥青激光拉曼光谱特征地质温度计反演计算的成矿早阶段流体温度为317~336℃,明显高于区域古地温温度(160~250℃)以及区域古油藏的流体包裹体均一温度(73~175℃),说明该区卡林型金矿床的成矿热源与区域古地温无关。对区域地质及近年来地球物理与地球化学最新成果的综合分析表明,该区卡林型金矿床可能是叠加在区域古地温场之上的深部岩浆活动远端低温热液成矿作用的产物,与金矿床空间关系密切的有机质可能为来自先存古油藏并沿控矿构造发生逃逸的油气物质裂解产物,金成矿与区域古油藏之间不存在成因联系。