芦山7.0级地震区域地震活动能量场分析

运用随机函数理论,系统研究2013年芦山7.0级地震前区域地震活动能量场的时空特征。结果表明,四川芦山7.0级地震前能量场的前2个主要特征值对应的典型能量场时间因子出现明显上升变化,可能是该次地震的中短期时间异常特征;而主要典型场的空间等值线形成局部能量高值异常危险区,该区域可能是芦山7.0级地震的中短期空间异常特征。     

preliminary discussion on horizontal gravity gradient and its application to seismic gravity precursor research

In this paper, according to the synthetic gravity anomaly of a horizontally infinite cylindrical geologic body, gravity gradient in horizontal direction was calculated by potential field discrete cosine transformation in frequency domain. In the calculation, the minimum curvature method was used to extend edge lines. We found that the gravity gradient field from the potential field transformation was dependable by comparison with synthetic gravity gradient, except the data in the edges. Then, the accumulative horizontal gravity gradients before Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake were calculated for the accumulative gravity anomaly from September 2010 to October 2012. In the north-south direction, gravity gradient in Daofu-Kangding-Shimian and Markang-Lixian-Lushan exhibited a positive high value, and the strike of the high value zone was in line with the strike of Xianshuihe Faults and Markang Faults. In the east-west direction, high value zone was not as obvious as that in the north-south direction. Gravity gradients in the direction along and vertical to the strike of Longmenshan Faults were calculated by the definition of directional derivative. In the along-strike direction, high gravity gradient values appeared in Markang-Lixian areas along Markang Faults and Daofu-Kangding-Shimian areas along Xianshuihe Faults, and extremum appeared in Kangding-Shimian and the area nearby Lixian. In the direction vertical to the strike of Longmenshan fault zone, high gravity gradient values appeared in Lixian-Lushan-Kangding-Shimian areas, and the extremum appeared in the area nearby Kangding. The results indicate that gravity gradient in the direction along and vertical to the strike of faults can better show the relative gravity change on the two sides of faults. Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake is located at the transition zone between the two high value zones of gravity gradient. The total horizontal gravity gradient shows that the location and strike of the high value zone are basically consistent with regional faults, and the extremums of total horizontal gravity gradient appeared nearby Lixian, Kangding and Shimian.     

2013年芦山M_S7.0地震震源区的地震波速度变化研究

本文利用四川区域台网的连续波形记录,研究了2013年4月20日四川芦山地震前后震源区不同路径上介质速度的变化过程。结果显示,在地震发生前,本文使用的穿过震源区的所有路径上未能观测到速度变化,而几个台站对(SMI-YZP、XJI-EMS、WCH-MDS)之间的路径上,在地震发生后存在速度的快速减小,量级为0.4%,速度快速减小过程持续时间很短。只有少量台站对观测到速度变化,表明芦山地震震源区介质变化不显著。     

SURFER在地球化学图制图中的应用

用SURFER的9种网格化模型分别绘制了等值线图,通过对比认为径向基本函数法对数据网格化后绘制的图形与手绘图形元素异常与分布趋势基本一致,作为地球化学图绘制的网格化模型效果最佳;提出了用采样点位图自动计算坐标—SURFER绘制等值线—MAPGIS处理成图的工作流程。     

丽江7.0级和唐山7.8级地震前形变场动态演化与异常特征

对１９９６年丽江７．０级和１９７６年唐山７．８级地震前的形变场动态演化过程做了对比分析，结果表明：①两次强震前形变场均存在大范围垂直差异运动增强以及与构造相关的形变高梯度带（区）；②震前数年（或更长）垂直形变场的趋势改变，并出现形变局部化。结合强震前区域地震活动，研究了这两次地震前垂直形变场动态演化与孕震形变的异常特征，认为与构造相关的强烈差异运动是孕震应变能积累的主要方式。     

基于不同插值方法的地下水等值线图绘制研究

将SURFER软件应用到地下水位等值线图绘制中,并以希尼尔水库为例,研究采用不同插值方法下SURFER软件绘制等值线图的差异,提出了不同插值方法的适用范围。     

基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害识别研究

遥感影像识别方法是破坏性地震震后地质灾害快速、准确获取的重要方法之一,传统的遥感影像识别方法主要以人工目视识别方法和半自动识别方法为主,需投入大量的人力和时间。针对破坏性地震震后地质灾害解译时间长、投入人力多等问题,以2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级地震震后高分辨率无人机遥感影像为研究样本,提出基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害识别方法。首先结合震后遥感影像解译资料和现场调查资料,提取九寨沟地震地质灾害无人机遥感影像特征,并构建研究区地震地质灾害解译指标和分类数据集;然后采用DeepLabv3+网络结构及softmax损失函数,建立基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害遥感影像图像语义分割模型方法;最后采用半监督学习方法进行结果验证。研究结果表明,基于深度学习网络的地震地质灾害识别方法可有效识别九寨沟地震地质灾害分布信息,整体分类识别准确率为94.22%,F₁分数值为0.77,结果具有较好的一致性和准确性,可提升地震现场灾情获取和重点地震隐患识别等工作效率及服务能力。     

吉林省汪清两次深源地震的研究

本文在给出了发生在吉林省汪清的两次深源地震的基本参数、CMT解及有感范围等基本情况的基础上，总结了对2002年6月29日汪清7．2级深源地震的预测情况。对汪清两次深震前出现的水位、水化学异常进行了分析，初步认为异常可能与深源地震孕育过程中引起的大区域应力场调整有关。对6月29日汪清7．2级深源地震前长春净月地震台体应变仪记录到的前驱波机理进行了分析，认为对前驱波机理的研究，可能成为地震预测的一个突破点。     

芦山地震前后龙门山断裂带南段视应力研究

利用四川台网数字地震记录资料,计算了2008年汶川地震之后、2013年芦山地震之前5年内,龙门山断裂带南段ML3.0级以上地震视应力随时间的变化,以及芦山M7.0级地震序列的视应力值及其时空分布特征.结果表明：①从芦山地震之前1年的时间开始,龙门山断裂带南段有视应力的上升过程;②芦山地震余震序列视应力存在几次比较突出的视应力与震级相关性的被打破以及视应力的突降异常,且在震后3个小时之后,视应力即有明显下降的过程;③从归准化的芦山地震序列视应力σapp的空间分布来看,视应力高值区域分布在主震的西南方向和整个余震区东南边缘,并且这两个高视应力区正好分布在该断层面与华南地块紧密接触的边缘;④主震西侧有一片视应力相对较高的区域;⑤主震以北区域的视应力则相对较低.     

USING DEFORMED FLUVIALTERRACES OF THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER TO STUDY THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE

On 20 April 2013, a destructive earthquake, the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake, occurred in the southern segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone, the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau in Sichuan, China. This earthquake did not produce surface rupture zone, and its seismogenic structure is not clear. Due to the lack of Quaternary sediment in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and the fact that fault outcrops are not obvious, there is a shortage of data concerning the tectonic activity of this region. This paper takes the upper reaches of the Qingyijiang River as the research target, which runs through the Yanjing-Wulong Fault, Dachuan-Shuangshi Fault and Lushan Basin, with an attempt to improve the understanding of the tectonic activity of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake. In the paper, the important morphological features and tectonic evolution of this area were reviewed. Then, field sites were selected to provide profiles of different parts of the Qingyijiang River terraces, and the longitudinal profile of the terraces of the Qingyijiang River in the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was reconstructed based on geological interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, continuous differential GPS surveying along the terrace surfaces, geomorphic field evidence, and correlation of the fluvial terraces. The deformed longitudinal profile reveals that the most active tectonics during the late Quaternary in the south segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone are the Yanjing-Wulong Fault and the Longmenshan range front anticline. The vertical thrust rate of the Yanjing-Wulong Fault is nearly 0.6~1.2mm/a in the late Quaternary. The tectonic activity of the Longmenshan range front anticline may be higher than the Yanjing-Wulong Fault. Combined with the relocations of aftershocks and other geophysical data about the Lushan earthquake, we found that the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is the range front blind thrust and the back thrust fault, and the pop-up structure between the two faults controls the surface deformation of the range front anticline.