Geochronology of metarhyolites from the Kangbutiebao Formation in the Kelang basin, Altay Mountains, Xinjiang: Implications for the tectonic evolution and metallogeny

The Altay orogenic belt (AOB), situated in the middle part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China. The Kangbutiebao Formation is a Late Paleozoic stratigraphic unit that hosts many important iron and Pb–Zn deposits. The Kangbutiebao Formation consists of intercalated volcanic and sedimentary rocks that have undergone regional greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism, and mainly outcrops in three NW-trending fault-bounded volcano–sedimentary basins, including the Maizi, Kelang, and Chonghuer basins. SHRIMP analyses of zircons from three metarhyolites of the Kangbutiebao Fm. in the Kelang Basin yield weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 412.6 ± 3.5 Ma, 408.7 ± 5.3 Ma and 406.7 ± 4.3 Ma, respectively, which can be interpreted as the eruption age of the Kangbutiebao silicic volcanic rocks in the Kelang Basin. These ages indicate that the Kangbutiebao Formation was formed during the Late Silurian to Early Devonian. They also demonstrate that the deposits hosted in the Kangbutiebao Formation were formed after 412–407 Ma. They play a key role in understanding the Paleozoic tectonic evolution and metallogenesis of the southern margin of the Chinese AOB.     

西藏安多地区粗面岩的特征及其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

安多粗面岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带中段,紧邻安多蛇绿岩带的北侧,出露面积约30km2,堆积厚度约1500m,属陆相火山岩。火山机构面貌保存较完整。岩石类型包括安粗岩、石英安粗岩、粗面岩及少量火山碎屑岩,以粗面岩为主,属钾玄岩系列。岩石地球化学和同位素示踪特征表明岩石属相对高压型的粗面岩,是与大陆碰撞后造山有关的钾质火山岩。岩浆主要来源于加厚的陆壳下部,但也有幔源组分的贡献。粗面岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为79.9Ma±1.9Ma,是粗面质岩浆上侵结晶的年龄,表明安多粗面岩的喷溢时代为晚白垩世, 也暗示班公湖-怒江洋盆安多段早白垩世晚期已经闭合,晚白垩世时期羌塘地块与拉萨地块已成为统一的陆块,并具有加厚的陆壳。     

大兴安岭地区德尔布干断裂带北段构造年代学研究

德尔布干断裂带是大兴安岭隆起西侧NE向的重要断裂带,处在海拉尔-拉布达林-根河盆地西缘,是著名德尔布干成矿区东南边界断裂带.为了确定德尔布干断裂带运动性质、活动时间,深入探讨该断裂带与中生代海拉尔-拉布达林-根河盆地及大兴安岭盆山格局、认识德尔布干断裂带多金属矿床成因等问题,本文应用锆石SHRIMP和云母40Ar/39Ar定年技术,分别对断裂带内的细粒黑云母花岗岩侵入体、韧性变形的花岗闪长质片麻岩、白云母石英片岩,进行了同位素年代学研究.其中花岗闪长质片麻岩岩浆型锆石SHRIMP谐和年龄300.6±9.3Ma,为花岗闪长质片麻岩海西期的侵位年龄;而花岗闪长质片麻岩中黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄是130.9±1.4Ma,白云母石英片岩的白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄是115.6±1.6Ma,代表早白垩世伸展构造变形年龄;细粒黑云母花岗岩侵入体岩浆型锆石SHRIMP谐和年龄130.1±1.4Ma,为同伸展构造变形侵位的岩浆事件.上述地质年代说明德尔布干断裂带是早白垩世(110～130Ma)该区最年轻的重大伸展构造变形产物.控制NE向大兴安岭隆起和中生代海拉尔-拉布达林-根河等火山沉积盆地的发育格局、以及中生代以来的地壳演化与成矿类型.     

中亚-蒙古造山带东段的锡林郭勒杂岩：早华力西期造山作用的产物而非古老陆块？ —— 锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学证据

锡林郭勒杂岩是华北板块北缘古生代褶皱带内出露面积最大的变质岩系,以前多被当着前寒武纪的古老地块.本文通过对该杂岩中副片麻岩和正片麻岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究发现,副片麻岩中的锆石多为岩浆锆石,其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为406±7Ma,指示它们的原岩主要是由近同期(略早些)的岩浆岩风化后就近沉积的产物,该年龄应代表源区(岛弧型?)花岗岩的形成时间,同时也是副片麻岩原岩沉积的下限年龄.正片麻岩中岩浆锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为382±2Ma,代表花岗片麻岩原岩的侵位年龄.岩石中锆石的变质增生边的形成年龄为337±6Ma,代表锡林郭勒杂岩发生变质和变形的时间,该变质事件可能与贺根山缝合带内所发生的一次主要的碰撞造山作用有关.这些年龄资料充分说明,锡林郭勒杂岩并非古老地块,而是华力西早期岩浆作用、沉积作用和变质作用事件的产物.整个事件是在较短的时间范围内(～70Ma)完成的,推测该杂岩发育在碰撞造山带的弧前环境.中亚-蒙古造山带东南部(内蒙古的中、东部)碰撞前的构造格局可能不是典型的多岛洋体制,由于缺少古老的陆块,造山过程更多的表现为大洋的大陆化过程,即洋内俯冲形成岛弧,岛弧在被动大陆边缘拼贴聚合转化为新的大陆.     

内蒙古贺兰山地区古元古代晚期的花岗岩浆事件及其地质意义: 同位素年代学的证据

位于华北克拉通西缘的贺兰山杂岩主要由孔兹岩系和变形花岗岩(正片麻岩)所组成,前者主要由夕线石榴片麻岩、石榴二长片麻岩、变粒岩和少量的大理岩及麻粒岩所组成,后者主要包括黑云斜长片麻岩、石榴子石花岗岩、斑状花岗岩和片麻状变质闪长岩.本文报道了该区变形花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果.黑云二长片麻岩和石榴子石花岗岩分别形成于2053±58Ma和2047±42Ma,斑状花岗岩和片麻状闪长岩分别在1955Ma和1920Ma侵位.大量的年代学资料表明,在华北克拉通北缘存在一条古元古代晚期的花岗杂岩带,该带中的花岗杂岩主要形成于三个阶段,第一阶段大于2.0Ga,第二阶段主要出现在2.0～1.87Ga期间,第三阶段的花岗杂岩在1.85～1.80Ga期间侵位.年代学研究还表明,古元古代晚期的花岗岩浆作用常常与变质事件紧密相关.     

沂水杂岩中变泥砂质岩石的岩石化学特征及年代

含夕线石十字石榴二云斜长片麻岩是沂水杂岩中首次发现的一种少见的变泥砂质岩石,包裹于沂水生心官庄岩浆杂岩体中,为残留的变质表壳岩透镜体,它经历了两期变质作用的改造.早期高角闪岩相变质与区域麻粒岩相变质有关,峰期矿物共生组合主要为:石榴子石(中心域)+黑云母±白云母+斜长石+石英,M1峰期变质温压条件为:T=660±10℃,P=5.7±0.3kb;晚期角闪岩相变质矿物共生组合为:十字石+石榴子石(边部域)+黑云母±白云母+斜长石±夕线石+石英,以形成大量自形-半自形十字石和具有明显的成分环带的石榴子石为特征,晚期石榴子石的形成由核部→边部经历了一降温降压过程,石榴子石核部:T=650±10℃,P=7.7±0.5Kb,石榴子石边部:T=578±10℃,P=4.7±0.1kb;晚期变质作用早期(石榴子石成核)阶段与埋深导致的部分熔融有关,晚期石榴子石生长阶段与岩浆热事件有关.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明:碎屑锆石不一致线上交点年龄为2695±32Ma,代表变泥砂质岩石源区岩浆岩的结晶年龄,变泥砂质岩石的早期变质变质作用年龄小于此值;晚期变质作用年龄为2537±5Ma.     

Early Neoarchean Magmatic and Paleoproterozoic Metamorphic Events in the Northern North China Craton: SHRIMP Zircon Dating and Hf Isotopes of Archean Rocks from the Miyun Area, Beijing

The Miyun area of Beijing is located in the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and includes a variety of Archean granitoids and metamorphic rocks.Magmatic domains in zircon from a tonalite reveal Early Neoarchean(2752±7 Ma) ages show a small range in ε_(Hf)(t) from 3.1 to 7.4and t_(DM1)(Hf) from 2742 to 2823 Ma,similar to their U-Pb ages,indicating derivation from a depleted mantle source only a short time prior to crystallization.SHRIMP zircon ages of granite,gneiss,amphibolite and hornblendite in the Miyun area reveal restricted emplacement ages from 2594 to2496 Ma.They also record metamorphic events at ca.2.50 Ga,2.44 Ga and 1.82 Ga,showing a similar evolutionary history to the widely distributed Late Neoarchean rocks in the NCC.Positive ε_(Hf)(t) values of 1.5 to 5.9,with model ages younger than 3.0 Ga for magmatic zircon domains from these Late Neoarchean intrusive rocks indicate that they are predominantly derived from juvenile crustal sources and suggest that significant crustal growth occurred in the northern NCC during the Neoarchean.Late Paleoproterozoic metamorphism developed widely in the NCC,not only in the Trans-North China Orogen,but also in areas of Eastern and Western Blocks,which suggest that the late Paleoproterozoic was the assembly of different micro-continents,which resulted in the final consolidation to form the NCC,and related to the development of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia or Nuna supercontinent.     

Syn-collision Biotite Hornblende Granodiorite from the Zedong Area, Tibet: Zircon U–Pb Isotope Chronology, Petro-geochemistry, and Geodynamic Significance

Cu–Au mineralization is rare in the Jurassic–Early Tertiary batholiths related to the India–Asia collision. Geochemical analysis and U–Pb isotope chronology was carried out on Shuangbujiere biotite hornblende granodiorite from the Zedong area. Zircon grains of the biotite hornblende granodiorite show oscillatory growth zonation and have high Th/U ratios of 1.08–2.39, indicating a magmatic origin for the zircons. Geochrological test yielded a LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of 51.5±1.0 Ma, suggesting that the emplacement age of the biotite hornblende granodiorite is Early Eocene. The Shuangbujiere biotite hornblende granodiorites have geochemical features characteristic of adakite and are associated with a calc–alkaline metaluminous I-type granite enriched in Sr, high in Mg~#(49.6–54.9) and Sr/Y, and depleted in Y and Yb. These results indicate that this intrusion formation may have been associated with crustal thickening caused by the early collision of the Indian and Eurasian Plates. As the process of crustal thickening continued, the heating of the underplated basaltic magma caused the thickened lower crust amphibolite to dehydrate the melt and form a high-K calc–alkaline adakitic melt at about 848°C. Meanwhile, magma mixing of the underplated basaltic melt and high-K calc–alkaline adakitic melt formed a high-Mg# adakite representative of the sys-collisional tectonic setting.     

原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术研究进展及其低温矿床学应用前景

应用传统单颗粒方法对目标矿物进行定年具有较高要求(如U、Th等母体同位素均匀分布),需要耗时的酸溶过程,同时还需进行α粒子射出效应校正。原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术是近年发展起来的一种定年技术,其主要原理是采用激光加热目标矿物,并通过与激光系统连接的稀有气体质谱(Alphachron)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分别完成 ~4He和U、Th等母体同位素分析,将 ~4He和U、Th分析结果代入年龄公式计算即可获得目标矿物的U-Th/He年龄。本文阐述了原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术的主要原理、实验测试流程、适用矿物等,重点对原位U-Th/He同位素定年的技术难点和低温矿床学应用前景进行了分析。相对于传统单颗粒方法,原位测试方法解决了两个关键问题:1无需进行α粒子射出效应的校正,提高了定年结果的可靠性和准确度;2能完成母体同位素分布不均匀样品的测试,扩展了U-Th/He同位素定年的应用范围。尽管原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术在侧向加热效应、剥蚀坑体积测定以及标准矿物等方面尚存在一些亟待解决的问题,但已在硅酸盐、磷酸盐、钛铁氧化物等矿物的年代学研究方面展示了良好的应用前景。随着原位U-Th/He同位素定年技术的发展和进步,尤其是硫化物的U-Th/He同位素定年的发展,将为解决低温矿床的年代学问题提供一种新的思路。     

柴北缘欧龙布鲁克地块东段古元古代基性麻粒岩:岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素证据

在欧龙布鲁克地块东部地区的正片麻岩中识别出呈透镜状产出的基性麻粒岩,部分已转变为斜长角闪岩。其主要矿物组合为单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石、角闪石等,为典型中低压麻粒岩相组合。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年得到基性麻粒岩1928±9Ma的变质年龄,片麻岩围岩得到了1927±20Ma的变质年龄,以及2368±5Ma、2377±7Ma的岩浆结晶年龄。片麻岩锆石Hf同位素数据显示变质锆石及岩浆锆石均具有相似的Hf同位素成分,其二阶段模式年龄为2590~2830Ma,显示其可能源于太古代地壳物质的再造。欧龙布鲁克地块古元古代岩浆及变质演化历史与塔里木克拉通及华北克拉通很高的相似性,预示着在古元古代三者可能具有一定的亲缘性。