川西坳陷大邑构造上三叠统须家河组储层成岩效应研究

川西坳陷大邑构造上三叠统须家河组是天然气的重点勘探层位.大量的薄片观察和鉴定发现,储层原始孔隙已破坏殆尽,以各类次生孔隙为主.该区须家河组经历了多种成岩变化,其中以压实作用和各种胶结充填作用表现较为强烈,而溶蚀作用相对较弱,对储量孔隙度的影响非常大.目前该区砂岩已达到中成岩阶段B期,岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑石英砂岩与岩屑砂岩(富岩屑砂岩)在不同程度上制约着成岩作用的发生和发展,进而影响孔隙度演化.     

Mineralogical Characteristics of Exsolved Spinel in the Panzhihua V-Ti Magnetite Deposit, Sichuan: Implications for the Mineralization Process

Spinel exsolution is widespread in titanomagnetite from the Fe-Ti oxide gabbro of the Panzhihua intrusion, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China. However, little research has been conducted into the implications of patterns in the mineralogical characteristics of the spinel for spatial variation in the controls on the exsolution mechanism and, hence, the formation process of the ore deposit. This study selected the Lanjiahuoshan Ore Block in the Panzhihua V-Ti magnetite deposit to explore this issue, systematically studying exsolution textures in the titanomagnetite through petrographic observation and the integrated use of in-situ microanalysis. The results show that the exsolved spinel gradually becomes finer-grained and less abundant from the center to edge and the bottom to top of the ore bodies. Compositionally, there is an inverse correlation between the size of exsolved spinel grains and their Mg# value. In addition, there is compositional zonation in the spinel interiors, with a gradual increase in the Mg content and decrease in Fe content from the core to the rim. The analysis suggests that fractional crystallization of ferrotitanium magma with a high oxygen fugacity in a shallow magma chamber caused compositional differences in the primary magnetite solid solution in different parts of the Panzhihua intrusion. Additionally, the thermal evolution of the magnetite solid solution differed in different parts of orebody, bringing about variations in spinel development. Together, these effects resulted in spatial variation in the abundance, grain size, and morphology of spinel in different parts of the orebody and intrusion that follows an identifiable distribution law. Furthermore, the compositional zonation of exsolved spinels reflects the rapid growth of exsolution features in a high-temperature environment. Thus, the size, morphology, abundance, and composition of spinel exsolution features in titanomagnetite provide a valuable petrogenetic tool for estimating the maturity and formational environment of the deposit.     

川南红层地区地下水赋存环境及水化学特征分析—以宜宾市屏山县为例

在对宜宾市屏山县地区地下水水文地质调查的基础上,对屏山地区地层分布、构造及含水特征等地下水赋存环境进行了研究,将地下水分为松散岩类孔隙水、基岩裂隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙层间水和碳酸盐类裂隙溶洞水;通过分析研究区122组水质样品的水化学特征,结合Piper三线图,建立了地下水类型空间分布图;在此基础上,利用相关性分析、主成分分析和离子比例系数分析,解释了地下水的控制性影响因素,揭示了屏山地区地下水化学空间分布特征及成因规律。结果表明：屏山地下水类型主要以HCO3--Ca2+、HCO3-·SO42--Ca2+、HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+和HCO3-·SO42--Ca2+·Mg2+型为主,主要受到地层岩性的溶滤作用和大气降雨的影响,对指导川南地区地下水开发利用规划具有重要的现实意义。     

Two–stage Cretaceous Exhumation of Hengshan Complex in Hunan Province,SE China: Constraints Arising from ~(40)Ar–~(39)Ar Geochronology and Cretaceous Tectonic Implications

The Hengshan complex is located in the central part of SE China, which underwent rapid tectonic uplift in the Cretaceous just like many other complexes on the continent. (40)~Ar–(39)~Ar geochronological data from the Hengshan complex suggest that two episodes of crustal cooling/extension took place in this part of the continent during the Cretaceous time. The first stage of exhumation was active during ca. 136–125 Ma, with a cooling rate of 10 °C/Ma. The second stage of exhumation happened at ca. 98–93 Ma, with a cooling rate of 10 °C/Ma. Considering the folding in the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks and the regional unconformity underneath the Upper Cretaceous red beds, it is believed that the Cretaceous crustal extension in SE China was interrupted by a compressional event. The reversion to extension, shortly after this middle Cretaceous compression, led to the rapid cooling/exhumation of the Hengshan complex at ca. 98–93 Ma. The Cretaceous tectonic processes in the hinterland of SE China could be controlled by interactions between the continental margin and the Paleo–pacific plate.     

川东南志留系石牛栏组生物礁沉积特征

本文通过露头、钻井及地震剖面等,对川东南志留系石牛栏组沉积相进行了详细解剖.石牛栏组生物礁在地震剖面上呈丘状体,杂乱反射特征明显.石牛栏组两期礁滩旋回在平面上的展布特征为:早期台地边缘礁滩相以沉积生屑滩为主,有少量点礁分布其中;晚期台地边缘礁滩相以沉积大量点礁为主.川东南石牛栏组生物礁的沉积模式为碳酸盐岩缓坡模式,生物礁为发育在碳酸盐岩缓坡上的点礁群.     

中国南方海相页岩气选区关键参数探讨

中国南方海相页岩具有热演化程度高和经历过多期构造运动等特征,基于多个页岩气区块的勘探开发实践,提出了以保存条件为核心、地质评价为重点,兼顾经济评价的页岩气有利区选区思路,筛选出了有机质含量、有机质成熟度和压力系数3项中国南方海相页岩气选区的关键评价指标。有机质含量是页岩气富集成藏的物质基础,在选区时应本着"高中找厚"的原则,即在TOC含量平均较高的页岩层段(系)寻找富有机质页岩连续厚度大的页岩层段;成熟度过高对页岩气的富集成藏有消极的影响,在选区时应本着"高中找低"的原则;压力系数可以直观反映页岩气的保存程度,压力系数越高,表明页岩气的保存程度越好,在选区时应本着"强中找高"的原则,即在强构造的地质背景下寻找压力系数高的区块。以湘西北牛蹄塘组页岩气的实际勘探情况为例,认为湘西北地区牛蹄塘组页岩气具有较好的勘探开发前景,但是成熟度过高和保存条件差(压力系数低)是影响湘西北地区页岩气富集与高产的主要潜在风险。     

Sequence stratigraphic characteristics and geological significance of the Permian Qixia Stage in northwestern Sichuan Basin

Based on outcrops, drilling, cores, and logging data, the Liangshan Formation and Qixia Formation in the northwestern Sichuan region are analyzed using the theory and method of sequence stratigraphy. Three third-order sequence boundaries are identified, including the basal boundary of Liangshan Formation (type Ⅰ), the boundary between Qi 1 Member and Qi 2 Member (type Ⅱ), and the boundary between the Qixia Formation and the Maokou Formation (type Ⅰ). The Middle Permian Qixia Stage can be subdivided into two third-order sequences (from base to top: SQ1 and SQ2). The SQ1 sequence corresponds to the Liangshan Formation and the Qi 1 Member, and the SQ2 sequence corresponds to the Qi 2 Member. Based on the sequence stratigraphic framework reconstruction of the Qixia Stage, the sedimentary filling pattern of the “onlapping at the base and truncation at the top” is discovered. The contour maps of SQ1 and SQ2 sequence stratigraphic thickness are calculated and plotted. Combined with the stratigraphic filling pattern, the tectonic-palaeogeographical framework of the early SQ1 and SQ2 phases of the Qixia Stage, their geological significance is discussed. At the Qixia Stage, the differentiation between uplift and depression occurs in the northwest and northeast trends. The Hannan uplift, the northern Sichuan uplift, the northern margin uplift and the Guangyuan-Wangcang sag have controlled the sedimentary pattern in the study area. It is indicated that prototype of the Guangyuan-Wangcang Trough began in the Middle Permian Qixia Stage. In the study area, the karst cave-type dolostone reservoir and the karst-type limestone reservoir around the Guangyuan-Wangcang sag rim are favorable exploration areas.     

川北阿坝地区三叠系粘土矿物特征及地质意义

分析了川北阿坝地区三叠系泥质岩的岩石矿物组合、粘土矿物类型、伊利石结晶度和镜质体反射率特征,并以此划分成岩演化阶段及变质程度。以成岩作用—极低级变质作用的研究方法,明确了阿坝地区成岩作用及极低级变质作用的上、下界限及区域分布规律:以唐克为中心的地区处于成岩作用晚期阶段,成岩作用温度200～212℃,伊利石结晶度IC≥0.42;周围地区处于极低级变质作用阶段,成岩作用温度212～222℃,伊利石结晶度IC<0.42。镜质体反射率(Ro)也具有同样的演化规律。对该地区域上成岩演化的差异及原因作如下解释:由于构造活动的远近程效应存在差异,该地区的周缘明显受到构造作用的影响,因叠加动力变质而达到极低级变质作用阶段;唐克位于阿坝地块中心,受构造作用的影响相对较小,因而处于成岩作用晚期阶段。     

四川冕宁木落寨稀土矿床成岩成矿的^40Ar／^39Ar年代学研究

杞落寨稀土矿床位于四川省冕宁县境内,雅砻江西侧。矿体产于英碱正长岩与变质辉绿岩和大理岩接触的构造破碎带中此前,英碱正长岩被认为形成于燕山期,但没有任何同位素年龄资料的报道本文通过~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 快中子活化分析,得出英碱正长岩微斜长石的~(40)At/~(39)Ar 坪年龄为31.2±0.56Ma,等时线年龄为30.6±2.6Ma。矿石金云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar 坪年龄为35.5±0.5Ma,等时线年龄为35±1Ma。微斜长石的年龄比金云母年龄偏小,是因为两者的 Ar 同位素封闭温度不同,前者约为170℃,而后者为350℃。两者年龄差较大表明在35.5～31.2Ma 之间,矿体和岩体均进入了较慢冷却阶段,冷却速率约为41.9℃/Ma。因此,木落寨矿床的矿石与英碱正长岩的形成年龄接近,均属新生代喜马拉雅期木落寨矿床成岩成矿年龄的确定,对于进一步了解该区域偏碱性火成岩的形成时代及拓宽区域稀土找矿远景,具有很大意义。