Origin of chemically distinct granites in a composite intrusion in east-central Sweden: geochemical and geothermal constraints

A few tens of millions of years after the intrusion of the Early Svecofennian (1.87–1.85 Ma) granitoids in central Sweden, a renewed magmatic activity resulted in the emplacement of the Late Svecofennian granites, the tectonic setting of which remains obscure. S-type granites dominate this group, but both I-type and transitional granites are common. This study deals with one of these intrusions in east-central Sweden; a composite pluton that is insignificantly deformed and hosts both I- and S-type granites. One of the I-type granites shows a compositional trend from granodiorite to granite, which is uncommon among the Late Svecofennian granites. Major element and incompatible trace element compositions and _Nd data show that two different sources, one igneous and one sedimentary, were involved. An important conclusion is that nearly coeval granites derived from different sources are found in close connection. The granites are suggested to have formed by partial melting in a thickened continental crust that was formed in an early stage of the Svecofennian event. Thermal models suggest that the slightly older, high-temperature I-type granite (granodiorite) was formed deeper in the crust than the S-type granite. The coexistence of essentially pure I- and S-type granites, rather than transitional mixtures, reflects the relative depths of the proposed sources and the varying thermal parameters of the lithologic units in the Svecofennian crust.     

Geochemical constraints on restite composition and unmixing in the Velay anatectic granite, French Massif Central

The main anatectic granite of the Velay complex is unique among major French Massif Central Hercynian granitoids in that rather than having an entirely lower crustal source, it formed by mixing between partial melts of the meta-igneous lower crust and ‘upper crustal’ country rock schists and orthogneisses. The geochemical variations in the Velay main anatectic granites cannot, however, be explained by mixing alone as their compositions range to lower SiO₂, with higher Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ and lower Na₂O and CaO, than either end member in mixing. The variations are interpreted as being due to the presence of up to 35% restite in minimum melts of country rock compositions. Primary restites form equilibrium assemblages represented by biotite, ilmenite and surmicaceous enclaves which consist of biotite ± apatite, zircon and almandine. The main anatectic granites more rarely contain schist and gneiss enclaves, quartz resisters and plagioclase restites. Secondary restites are mainly represented by cordierite, and possibly K-feldspar, which formed by recrystallisation of primary biotite-rich restites. The unique characteristics of the Velay main anatectic granites are likely to be due, in part, to its late formation close to the end of the Hercynian orogeny. The metasedimentary lower crust may have become too refractory to yield large volumes of melt following partial melting to form the other major Massif Central granitoids. The heat necessary for partial melting at higher crustal levels was transferred from the lower crust by the intrusion of I-type granites and low volume diorites from the mantle. Upper crustal anatexis was mainly controlled by muscovite breakdown reactions (< 830 to 850 °C) and the liberation of water due to the recrystallisation of biotite to cordierite. The temperatures necessary for biotite breakdown were only achieved locally and resulted in the formation of high-LREE granites.     

蚌埠荆山和涂山岩体的年代学、地球化学特征及其动力学意义

对蚌埠地区的荆山和涂山花岗岩进行了详细的年代学和岩石地球化学研究,分析结果表明:花岗岩的SiO2含量较高,介于71.22%～73.76%之间,富K2O、Na2O,贫TiO2、CaO、MgO,为弱过铝质岩石。K2O-Na2O图解上,所有数据点都落在"I"型花岗岩区域,结合呈右倾的微量元素标准化蛛网图,可知该区富集大离子亲石元素,同时具有明显的U、Pb、Ba、Sr正异常,Ti的负异常,暗示蚌埠岩体的形成背景可能为造山后的伸展环境。CamecaIMS1280SIMS锆石U-Pb年龄分析表明,主要有800Ma左右的新元古代年龄、三叠纪相关的220Ma和晚侏罗世的165Ma这三种主体年龄。根据上述地球化学资料,推断蚌埠岩体的母岩浆来源于火成岩的部分熔融,岩浆源区为与华北板块碰撞后继续向北伸展的部分扬子板块下地壳火成岩物质,其中,800Ma左右的新元古代年龄解释为扬子板块下地壳物质的继承锆石年龄,三叠纪的继承锆石理解为三叠纪时期华南、华北板块的碰撞导致,晚侏罗世的岩浆活动推测由于古太平洋板块北西向的斜向俯冲诱发扬子板块下地壳的物质部分熔融所致。     

南岭西段加里东期越城岭岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、地质地球化学特征及其形成构造背景

越城岭岩体位于南岭西段,主体为南部的加里东期花岗岩,北部为印支期花岗岩。加里东期花岗岩自早至晚依次为中细粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、细中粒斑状黑(二)云母二长花岗岩、细粒斑状黑(二)云母二长花岗岩和细粒黑(二)云母二长花岗岩。岩体东部和西部花岗岩分别具块状构造和片麻状构造。岩体西缘尚叠加了燕山期左行走滑-伸展型韧性剪切带。对中细粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和(糜棱岩化)细中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩各进行了1个样品的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测试,分别得到(436.6±4.8)Ma、(430.5±4.3)Ma的年龄值,反映花岗岩形成于早志留世晚期。岩石高硅、富铝、高钾、中碱,Si O2含量68.35%~78.10%,平均73.29%;Al2O3含量11.95%~15.55%,平均14.18%;K2O含量4.12%~5.62%,平均4.95%;全碱(Na2O+K2O)含量为6.18%~8.30%,平均7.58%;K2O/Na2O值在1.36~2.82之间,平均1.94。ASI值1.04~1.66,平均1.23。总体属高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩类。大多数样品Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti表现为较强烈亏损,Rb、(Th+U+K)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu)等则相对富集;∑REE含量为50.43~328.81μg/g,平均173.39μg/g;δEu值0.21~0.68,平均为0.40;(La/Yb)N值为0.54~14.04,平均7.93;ISr值为0.71912和0.72415,εSr(t)值为208和279,εNd(t)值为–11.76~–7.80,t2DM为1.80~2.12 Ga。A/MF-C/MF图解显示源岩为泥质岩和碎屑岩。上述地球化学特征表明花岗岩为S型花岗岩,是陆壳碎屑岩石部分熔融的产物。花岗岩氧化物构造环境判别图解指示岩体形成于后碰撞构造环境。基于岩石成因、构造环境判别以及区域构造演化过程,推断加里东期越城岭花岗岩的具体形成机制为:奥陶纪末—志留纪初的北流运动导致地壳增厚、升温,早志留世中晚期在挤压减弱、应力松弛的后碰撞-减压构造环境下,中、上地壳酸性岩石发生部分熔融并向上侵位。     

Determination of the Neoproterozoic Shicaogou Syn-collisional Granite in the Eastern Qinling Mountains and Its Geological Implications

The Shicaogou granite has been identified as a magnesian (Fe-number=0.71-0.76), calcic to calc-alkalic (MALI=3.84-5.76) and peraluminous (ASI=1.06-1.13) granite of the syn-collisional S-type, with high SiO2(>71%), A12O3 (>13%) and Na2O+K2O (6.28%-7.33%, equal for NaO2 and K2O). Trace element and REE analyses show that the granite is rich in LILE such as of Rb, Sr, Ba and Th, and poor in HFSE like Yb, Y, Zr and Hf. Its Rb/Sr ratio is greater than 1; the contents of Nb and Ta, and the ratio of Nb/Ta as well as the REE geochemical features (e.g. REE abundance, visible fractionation of LREE and HREE and medium to pronounced negative Eu anomalies) are all similar to those of crust-origin, continent-continent syn-collisional granite. Moreover, the granite exhibits almost the same pattern as that of the typical continent-continent syn-collisional granite on the spider diagram and all samples fall within the syn-collisional granite field.The cathodoluminescence (CL) investigations have revealed that the zircon f     

内蒙古四子王旗公呼都格花岗岩体地质特征及构造意义

公呼都格岩体位于中朝陆台北缘,侵入于奥陶系,被晚古生代晚期花岗岩侵入.黑云母K-Ar年龄测定为306.4 Ma,属晚古生代中期的花岗岩.岩体主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩,以发育富铁黑云母、属过铝质岩石为特征.SrI为0.7162,为S型壳源花岗岩.其形成于中朝板块与西伯利亚板块对接后期的超碰撞造陆阶段,产出部位受深断裂控制.     

江南造山带东段新元古代花岗岩组合的年代学和地球化学:对扬子与华夏地块拼合时间与过程的约束

江南造山带东段发育了一系列新元古代的花岗岩类侵入体,本文用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法对区内出露的主要岩体(包括许村岩体、歙县岩体、休宁岩体、灵山岩体、莲花山岩体、石耳山岩体)进行了定年,并分析了这些岩体代表性样品的主量和微量元素含量。结果表明,区内的花岗岩类侵入体分属S-型和A-型两类,前者属于同造山的岩浆岩,成分主要为花岗闪长质;后者为晚造山的岩浆岩,成分为花岗质。S-型花岗闪长质岩浆是在碰撞、地壳加厚后由不成熟的变质沉积-火山岩系经减压熔融形成的。由同造山到晚造山阶段,随着地壳应力由挤压转为拉张,所形成的A-型花岗岩中有明显的新生地幔物质的加入。两类岩体的空间分布有明显的规律,且随时间具有明显的向南(大洋侧)迁移的趋势。同造山的S-型花岗闪长质侵入体均分布在皖南蛇绿混杂岩带的北侧(及缝合带内),其中空间位置最北突的许村岩体的侵位时间最早,为850±10Ma;位于皖南蛇绿混杂岩带内,具有同构造特点的歙县岩体的侵位时间为838±11Ma;同样侵位于该缝合带内,具有晚构造特点的休宁岩体的侵位时间为826±6Ma。而晚造山的A型花岗岩均分布在该缝合带的南侧,其中灵山岩体和莲花山岩体的侵位年龄分别为823±18Ma和814±26Ma,两者的侵位时间在误差范围内一致。后造山裂谷环境下形成的石耳山花岗斑岩的年龄为785±11Ma。我们认为江南造山带形成于新元古代,造山过程具有多岛弧拼贴、多缝合的特点。不同缝合带上洋盆闭合的时间存在着差异,最早闭合的可能是赣东北带(蛇绿岩套)、其次是江山-绍兴带,最后是皖南带(歙县蛇绿岩套)。不同缝合带上发育的岛弧型火山岩在地球化学性质上存在着明显的差异,前两者是在洋壳基础上发育起来的,而后者是在不成熟的陆壳基础上发育起来的。江南造山带形成后不久,其南侧即遭受到后造山裂谷(南华裂谷系?)作用的破坏,只是到了早古生代末期(加里东期)扬子克拉通与华夏地块之间的裂谷才最终闭会形成华南统一大陆。     

黑龙江东南部穆棱地区“麻山群”的特征及花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年——对佳木斯地块最南缘地壳演化的制约

通过对佳木斯地块南缘穆棱地区常兴村-新兴村剖面的研究,指出这里是“麻山群”和“黑龙江群”的结合部位,具有古大陆边缘性质。穆棱地区的“麻山群”为佳木斯地块南缘的陆壳基底,其南侧的“黑龙江群”为包括洋壳残片在内的增生-碰撞杂岩。对“麻山群”混合岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果表明：佳木斯地块存在中-新元古代的结晶基底,并遭受到~500Ma变质作用的影响。侵入“麻山群”杂岩的花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学研究表明,这些花岗岩具有S型花岗岩的特征;其SHRIMP锆石U-Pb分析表明其形成年龄为486Ma±3Ma,略晚于前人确定的“麻山群”杂岩约500Ma的麻粒岩相变质作用,为同碰撞或碰撞后花岗岩。这些资料进一步证明,该地区可能经历了晚泛非-早加里东期的碰撞造山作用。     

加里东期白马山岩体锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及形成构造背景

白马山岩体位于雪峰造山带的南东缘,其主体为加里东期花岗岩,部分印支期和早燕山期花岗岩。加里东期花岗岩主要位于白马山岩体中、东部,可划分为4个侵入次。对第二次侵入的细中粒斑状角闪石黑云母花岗闪长岩(γδSb)中的锆石进行了SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测试,得到的年龄为411±4.5Ma,此年龄反映出志留纪末—泥盆纪初的一期岩浆事件。其地球化学特征表明该期花岗岩为S型花岗岩,源岩主要为中地壳酸性岩石。第一次侵入的英云闪长岩(γδοSa)仅有一个小侵入体,以残留体形式存在于第三次(ηγSc)侵入体中,表明白马山岩体未经历更早的大规模岩浆活动,据此推断加里东期白马山岩体为志留纪后期广西运动的产物。区域上,城步-新化大断裂以西发育早志留世前陆盆地砂、泥质沉积,断裂以东至湘东南则缺失志留系,暗示广西运动前断裂以东已逆冲抬升并遭受剥蚀,断裂以西则形成前陆盆地。     

Tertiary deep crustal ultrametamorphism in the Hidaka metamorphic belt, northern Japan

The Main Zone of the Hidaka metamorphic belt is an imbricate stack of crustal material derived from an island arc in which a sequence of units with increasing metamorphic grade from low to high structural levels is exposed. The basal part of the metamorphic sequence underwent granulite facies metamorphism with peak P–T conditions of 7kbar, 870°C. In this zone pelitic granulite includes leucosomes which consist mainly of orthopyroxene-plagioclase-quartz.
To test whether the leucosome was derived by partial melting of the surrounding pelite, melting experiments of the pelitic granulite were carried out for water-saturated and dry systems at 7 kbar and 850°C. The chemical composition of the leucosome produced during these runs shows a peraluminous S-type tonalitic affinity and is located very close to the tie-line between the average melts produced in water-saturated systems and the average composition of the residual orthopyroxene + plagioclase. This therefore suggests that the lecosome in pelitic granulite was formed by incipient anatexis at close to the highest P–T condition of the Main Zone.
The age of the crustal anatexis is determined by the Rb-Sr whole rock isochron method for garnet-cordierite-biotite gneiss (host rock), garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite gneiss (restite) and S-type tonalite (melt). This gives an age of 56.0 Ma with an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.705711. The S-type tonalite magmas that form large intrusive masses in the Main Zone were probably generated by crustal anatexis in deeper parts of the crust at the same time (late Palaeocene).