磁化率各向异性与花岗岩形成的构造背景──以广东两类不同成因类型花岗岩为例

广东省两类不同成因类型花岗岩磁化率各向异性研究表明：Ⅰ型花岗岩的磁化率的数值较大，一致性较好；各向异性度比较小，磁化率椭球为纯压扁型．Ｓ型花岗岩的磁化率数值普遍较小，一致性较差；各向异性度比较大，磁化率椭球以兼具压扁型和拉长型为特征；岩体内部两种磁化率椭球（压扁型和拉长型）的３个主轴的方向具有较好的一致性．结合花岗岩的野外地质特征，作者认为，Ｓ型花岗岩在形成过程中受到了板块内部强烈的挤压和剪切作用，不同类型的源岩在强烈的挤压作用下局部地带发生破裂，发育了大规模的剪切推覆作用，在剪切热的作用下源岩物质被改造形成Ｓ型花岗岩；Ⅰ型花岗岩则是原始岩浆侵入到地壳上部形成，其形成的构造背景与当时板块的Ｂ型俯冲有关。     

Thermal model for the Zanskar Himalaya

ABSTRACT Crustal thickening along the northern margin of the Indian plate, following the 50 Ma collision along the Indus Suture Zone in Ladakh, caused widespread high-temperature, medium-pressure Barrovian facies series metamorphism and anatexis. In the Zanskar Himalaya metamorphic isograds are inverted and structurally telescoped along the Main Central Thrust (MCT) Zone at the base of the High Himalayan slab. Along the Zanskar valley at the top of the slab, isograds are the right way-up and are also telescoped along northeast-dipping normal faults of the Zanskar Shear Zone (ZSZ), which are related to culmination collapse behind the Miocene Himalayan thrust front. Between the MCT and the ZSZ a metamorphic-anatectic core within sillimanite grade rocks contains abundant leucogranite-granite crustal melts of probable Himalayan age. A thermal model based on a crustal-scale cross-section across the Zanskar Himalaya suggests that M₁ isograds, developed during early Himalayan Barrovian metamorphism, were overprinted during high-grade MCT-related anatexis and folded around a large-scale recumbent fold developed in the hanging wall of the MCT.     

Geochemical and Nd, Sr Isotopic Study of the Post-Orogenic Granites in the Yidun Arc Belt of Northern Sanjiang Region, Southwestern China

Abstract: In the arc (basin)–back area of the Yidun arc belt in the north segment of the Sanjiang tectonic zone, southwestern China, there occurs a post‐orogenic granite belt extending for more than 300 km in NNW direction. It strides across two different tectonic units of the arc (basin)–back area and the subduction area, and is accompanied by extensive Ag‐Sn polymetal–lic mineralizations. More than ten granite bodies have very similar geochemical characteristics: high SiO₂ (73.8–76.3 wt%) and K₂O+Na₂O (7.16‐8.41 %), and low Al₂O₃ (11.9–13.6 %), CaO (0.46‐1.54 %) and MgO (0.16‐0.61 %), as well as high enrichment of Nb, Ta, Ga and Y, and strong depletion of Sr and Eu. Most of these features are peculiar to A‐type granite. Rb‐Sr and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotopic dating results indicate that the formation ages of the granites decrease from 103.7 Ma of the north end to 75.2 Ma near the south end, and that the magmatism became younger from north to south. The tectonic environment analysis clearly reveals that they were formed in post‐orogenic within–plate extension settings. The magma genesis was controlled by a united crustal extension regime after the arc‐continent collision. The granites have low _Nd values ranging from –4.96 to –8.40, whereas the _Sr values vary greatly ranging from –31.7 to 296, reflecting that the source composition transited from mantle – differentiated igneous rocks in the north to basement – dominated metamorphosed sedimentary rocks in the south. Under high temperature and water‐absent conditions, the anatexes of the crustal rocks made a great amount of plagioclase separated from melts and left in magma sources. Through this mechanism, the post‐orogenic granites took geo‐chemical characteristics such as low Al₂O₃ and CaO, and strong depletion of Sr and Eu.     

Permian felsic magmatism in the Neoproterozoic Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex of the Malani Igneous Suite: Evidence from zircon U–Pb age

We report Permian (ca. 272 Ma ±5.4 Ma) felsic dykes that intrude into the Neoproterozoic (ca. 750 Ma) magmatic suite of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex (NPIC), the western extension of the Malani Igneous Suite (MIS). The NPIC consists of Neoproterozoic basement amphibolites and granites (riebeckite–aegirine gray granites and the biotite–hornblende pink granites), all of which are intruded by several generations of mafic and felsic dykes. Granitic magmatism occurred in the Late Neoproterozoic (ca. 750 Ma) due to the subduction‐, followed by the rift‐related tectonic regime during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. U–Th–Pb zircon and monazite CHIME age data of 700–800 Ma from the earlier generation porphyritic felsic dykes suggest the dyke intrusion was coeval or soon after the emplacement of the host granites. Our findings of Permian age orthophyric felsic dykes provide new insights for the prevalence of active tectonics in the MIS during late Paleozoic. Textural features and geochemistry also make the orthophyric dykes distinct from the early‐formed porphyritic dykes and the host granites. Our newly obtained age data combined with geochemistry, suggest the existence of magmatism along the western margin of India (peri‐Gondwana margin) during Permian. Like elsewhere in the region, the Permian magmatism in the NPIC could be associated with the rifting of the Cimmerian micro‐continents from the Gondwana.     

The giant tin polymetallic mineralization in southwest China:Integrated geochemical and isotopic constraints and implications for Cretaceous tectonomagmatic event

The Gejiu-Bozushan-Laojunshan W-Sn polymetallic metallogenic belt(GBLB) in southeast Yunnan Province is an important part of the southwestern Yangtze Block in South China.Tin polymetallic mineralization in this belt includes the Niusipo,Malage,Songshujiao,Laochang and Kafang ore fields in the Gejiu area which are spatially and temporally associated with the Kafang-Laochang and Songshujiao granite plutons.These granites are characterized by variable A/CNK values(mostly 1.1,except for two samples with 1.09),high contents of SiO_2(74.38-76.84 wt.%) and Al_2 O_3(12.46-14.05 wt.%) and variable CaO/Na_2 O ratios(0.2-0.65) as well as high zircon δ~(18)O values(7.74‰-9.86‰),indicative of S-type affinities.These rocks are depleted in Rb,Th,U,Ti,LREE[(La/Yb)N=1.4-20.51],Ba,Nb,Sr,and Ti and display strong negative Eu and Ba anomalies.The rocks possess high Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios,relatively low initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(0.6917-0.7101),and less radiogenic εNd(t)values(-8.0 to-9.1).The zircon grains from these rocks show negative ε_(Hf)(t) values in the range of-3.7 to-9.9 with mean T_(DM2)(Nd) and T_(DM2)(Hf) values of 1.57 Ga and 1.55 Ga.They show initial ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb ranging from15.69 to 15.71 and ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb from 18.36 to 18.70.Monazite from Songshujiao granites exhibits higher U and lower Th/U ratios,lower δ~(18)O values and higher ε_(Hf)(t) values than those of the zircon grains in the KafangLaochang granites.The geochemical and isotopic features indicate that the Laochang-Kafang granites originated by partial melting of Mesoproterozoic crustal components including biotite-rich metapelite and metagraywacke,whereas the Songshujiao granites were derived from Mesoproterozoic muscovite-rich metapelite crustal source.Most zircon grains from the Songshujiao,Laochang and Kafang granites have high-U concentrations and their SIMS U-Pb ages show age scatter from 81.6 Ma to 88.6 Ma,80.7 Ma to 86.1 Ma and 82.3 Ma to 87.0 Ma,suggesting formation earlier than the monazite and cassiterite.Monazite SIMS U-Pb ages and Th-Pb ages of three same granite samples are consistent and show yielded 206 Pb/~(238)U ages of 83.7 ± 0.6 Ma,83.7±0.6 Ma,and 83.4±0.6 Ma,and ~(208)Pb/~(232)Th ages of 83.2 ± 0.5 Ma,83.8 ± 0.4 Ma,and 83.5±0.9 Ma,which are within the range of the SIMS zircon U-Pb ages from these rocks.The data constrain the crystallization of the granites at ca.83 Ma.In situ U-Pb dating of two cassiterite samples from the cassiterite-sulfide ore in the Songshujiao ore field and Kafang ore field,and two from the cassiterite-oxide+cassiterite bearing dolomite in the Laochang ore field yielded weighted mean 206 Pb/~(238)U ages of 83.5±0.4 Ma(MSWD=0.6),83.5 ± 0.4 Ma(MSWD=0.5),83.6 ±0.4 Ma(MSWD=0.6) and 83.2 ±0.7 Ma(MSWD=0.6),respectively.Combined with geological characteristics,the new geochronological data indicate that the formation of the granites and Sn polymetallic deposits are coeval.We correlate the magmatic and metallogenic event with lithospheric thinning and asthenosphere upwelling in continental extension setting in relation to the eastward subduction of the Neo-Tethys beneath the Sanjiang tectonic domain during Late Cretaceous.     

骑田岭花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其对成矿的制约

骑田岭花岗岩体位于湖南省南部 ,在其东北部接触带有骑田岭大型夕卡岩型锡矿 ,南部接触带有新探明的芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床。本文采用ICP_AES和ICP_MS分析了骑田岭花岗岩全岩的主量、微量和稀土元素含量。其主量元素特征表明 ,骑田岭花岗岩具有富硅富碱富铝、贫镁铁的特点 ,经历了较大程度的结晶分异。稀土元素总量较高 ,轻稀土元素富集 ,重稀土元素亏损。岩石富集大离子亲石元素 ,特别是富集Rb、Th ,推测源岩可能来源于陆壳物质。与相邻的千里山花岗岩比较 ,虽然没有显著的四分组效应 ,但它们的地球化学性质具有很大的相似性。另对岩体的成因、形成时代和成矿作用进行了讨论 ,认为骑田岭花岗岩超大型锡多金属矿床的形成是侏罗纪岩石圈在伸展环境下引起地幔物质上涌使地壳物质发生重熔 ,同时在热液作用参与下金属元素重新富集的结果     

6710铀矿区火成岩的地球化学特征及其构造和成矿意义

火山岩型铀矿床通常与酸性至中性的火山岩类有关 ,而 6 710铀矿区的铀矿化与双峰式火山岩和基底花岗岩有紧密的空间关系。研究表明该套双峰式火山岩中玄武岩的Rb Sr等时线年龄为173± 9 7Ma ,流纹岩为 16 4 8± 0 57Ma。前者的不相容元素地球化学特征与板内拉斑玄武岩相一致 ;后者为准铝质 (ACNK =0 88- 0 96 ) ,稀土元素 (ΣREE :(2 50 33- 2 95 99)× 10 - 6 )和高场强元素 (Y ,Zr,Nb等 )的含量较高 ,与A型花岗岩的地球化学特征相似。基底花岗岩的Rb Sr等时线年龄为 2 4 9 9± 5 5Ma ,岩石为过铝质 (ANKC =1 18- 1 2 6 ) ,富集LREE((La/Lu) N=2 8 51-55 0 9)和大离子亲石元素 (Rb ,Th ,U等 ) ,与同造山S型花岗岩的地球化学特征一致。双峰式火山岩表明该区在燕山早期具有拉张裂解的地球动力学背景 ,基底花岗岩代表了海西晚期的挤压造山环境。它们分别为本区铀成矿提供了矿化剂 (CO2 - 3)和铀源。     

Geochronology and petrogenesis of Pan-African, syn-tectonic, S-type and post-tectonic A-type granite (Namibia): products of melting of crustal sources, fractional crystallization and wall rock entrainment

The Oetmoed Granite–Migmatite Complex (OGMC), Central Damara Orogen, Namibia, consists mainly of 526 to 516 Ma garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite and subordinate 488 to 494 Ma hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite in the form of planar sheets and dykes. Additionally, a slightly elongated granite body occurs in the center of the complex. The garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite has major- and trace-element characteristics of S-type granite but the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite has higher HFSE and REE contents similar to A-type granite. Whereas the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite contains numerous restitic xenoliths, the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite is xenolith-free. The country rocks are cordierite–sillimanite–K-feldspar–garnet-bearing metasedimentary rocks and migmatite. Cordierite- and garnet-rich xenoliths in the S-type granite do not represent primary restite, their depleted chemical composition is best explained by varying and large degrees of partial melting of incorporated country rocks. Most chemical variations among the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite can be explained by processes linked with fractional crystallization of plagioclase, biotite and accessory phases, mostly monazite and zircon. Major and trace element data and high δ ¹⁸O values suggest that the least evolved members of the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite were derived from metapelitic rocks at ca. 800°C as inferred from monazite and apatite dissolution thermometry. Higher CaO and Na₂O but lower SiO₂ contents and lower Rb/Sr ratios as well as lower δ ¹⁸O values of the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite suggest that they are more likely generated by partial melting of non-pelitic sources (metagranitoids?) at temperatures in excess of 900°C. Decreasing TiO₂, Na₂O, FeO_tot., MgO, CaO, total REE content but increasing Al₂O₃ and K₂O indicate fractionation of mainly hornblende and titanite in the case of the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite. The differing compositions of the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite and the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite are attributed to different source rocks (metapelite instead of metagranitoid) and different temperatures during melting as inferred from accessory phase dissolution thermometry. Furthermore, significant entrainment of country rock in some samples played a major role during petrogenesis of the garnet- and cordierite-bearing granite but was not important during the evolution of the hornblende- and titanite-bearing granite. Intrusion of such hot, felsic magmas close to the inferred peak of metamorphism has probably caused, in part, the high temperature metamorphism and anatexis of the country rocks at relatively low pressures.     

铅同位素动力学模型及其在示踪花岗岩成因中的应用

介绍了壳幔铅混合模式和铅连续生长模式 ,并首次将这两个模式推广到花岗岩成因研究中。通过对世界上一些花岗岩体中长石铅同位素数据的壳幔混合模式计算 ,发现在约 3 1Ga时曾发生过一次全球性的大规模U ,Pb分异事件。将铅连续生长模式计算结果与其它一些一致性信息对比发现 ,该模式对示踪花岗岩的源区时代非常敏感。对以地壳铅为主的花岗岩 ,其铅连续生长模式年龄与其成岩年龄相当 ;而对造山带花岗岩 ,两者之间的关系具有不确定性。对中国南、北秦岭和大别—苏鲁造山带花岗岩中长石铅同位素数据的计算结果对比表明 ,即使属于同一个造山带的岩体 ,其铅的来源和演化历史也存在较大的差别。此外 ,青岛崂山碱性花岗岩的各种铅同位素性质与中国东部其它碱性花岗岩体存在差别 ,但与苏鲁地体花岗岩表现的铅同位素行为一致 ,表明崂山碱性花岗岩的成因与苏鲁花岗岩体的成因具有更强的相关性。