测绘职业教育教学改革探讨

随着空间科学技术和计算机技术的发展，以“3S”技术为代表的测绘高新技术已普遍应用于测绘生产中。作为培养测绘实用型人才的测绘职业学校，测绘专业如何重新划分、测绘教育与教学内容如何改革，是测绘教育界普遍关注的问题，本文从教学的角度对有关问题进行了探讨。     

对“3S”集成技术的一些认识

本文从遥感，地理信息系统和全球定位系统的产生与发展过程，论述了它们走向集成化的必然趋势，说明了“３Ｓ”信息集成技术的涵意；介绍了它的应用领域，最后提出了作者对发展我国以“３Ｓ”集成技术为支撑的地理信息产业应采取的对策的建议。     

大四专业课学生本位教学模式探索——以3S为例

针对大四专业课教育中出现的学生到课率低、学习兴趣不高、学习效果较差等问题,剖析"大四现象",围绕如何增强专业课的吸引力,从教育的本质出发,提出采用突出"学生本位"与"过程考核"的教学改革思路。以河南理工大学地理信息系统专业的"3S集成技术"课程为例,在分析该课程特点的基础上,通过改革考试模式,设置专题汇报、引入基于微信问卷的学生自主评价体系等方式予以实施。教学实践表明,该方式学生易于接受,使学生的学习积极性得以显著提高、综合能力得到锻炼。     

基于3S技术的土地利用信息动态变更调查新机制研究——以成都市为例

新形势下的土地变更调查任务不断增加,要求不断提高,手段不断强化,时间紧、任务重是当前土地变更调查面临的重大问题。针对以上问题,本文提出了一种动态变更的技术流程,通过深入研究土地规划实施、土地综合整治、地籍管理、耕地保护、执法监察等业务及相关关系,围绕"及时发现、快速调查、持续更新、如实上报、共享应用"5个方面的问题,以3S技术、网络技术、数据库技术等为支撑,提出以二调成果为基础,从土地管理业务内部及时发现变化,以发现驱动土地利用信息日常性持续动态变更的新思路。以成都市为例,开展基于3S技术的土地利用信息动态变更调查的方法在实际工作中的应用研究,实现了土地利用信息的"一图多用",并对变更结果进行了分析。     

管网测绘数据的GIS建库

文章阐述了管网测绘数据的GIS建库的基本方法 ,以及计算机监理查错程序对勘测成果的检测。     

CFD modelling of a small–scale fixed multi–chamber OWC device

Wave Energy Converters (WECs) have excellent potential as a source of renewable energy that is yet to be commercially realised. Recent attention has focused on the installation of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) devices as a part of harbor walls to provide advantages of cost–sharing structures and proximity of power generation facilities to existing infrastructure. In this paper, an incompressible three–dimensional CFD model is constructed to simulate a fixed Multi–Chamber OWC (MC–OWC) device. The CFD model is validated; the simulation results are found to be in good agreement with experimental results obtained from a scale physical model tested in a wave tank. The validated CFD model is then used for a benchmark study of 96 numerical tests. These investigate the effects of the PTO damping caused by the power take–off (PTO) system on device performance. The performance is assessed for a range of regular wave heights and periods. The results demonstrate that a PTO system with an intermediate damping can be used for all chambers in the MC–OWC device for most wave period ranges, except for the long wave periods. These require a higher PTO damping. An increased incident wave height reduces the device capture width ratio, but there is a noticeable improvement for long wave periods.     

Spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjacent regions: Implication for future seismic hazard

The study deals spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters like annual and 100-years mode along with their 90% probability of not being exceeded (NBE) in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjoining regions. For this purpose, we applied a straightforward and most robust method known as Gumbel’s third asymptotic distribution of extreme values (GIII). A homogeneous and complete earthquake catalogue during the period 1900–2010 with magnitude M_W ⩾ 4.0 is utilized to estimate these earthquake hazard parameters. An equal grid point mesh, of 1° longitude X 1° latitude, is chosen to produce detailed earthquake hazard maps. This performance allows analysis of the localized seismicity parameters and representation of their regional variations as contour maps. The estimated result of annual mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the values of M_W 6.0 in the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan and northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings in the examined region. The 100-years mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the value of M_W 8.0 in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya with Caucasus mountain belt, the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan, northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings, the Kangra–Himanchal Pradesh and Kashmir of India. The estimated high values of earthquake hazard parameters are mostly correlated with the main tectonic regimes of the examined region. The spatial variations of earthquake hazard parameters reveal that the examined region exhibits more complexity and has high crustal heterogeneity. The spatial maps provide a brief atlas of the earthquake hazard in the region.     

Microbial Diversity in Nankai Trough Sediments at a Depth of 3,843 m

Dense populations of bivalves, primarily Calyptogena sp., were observed at cold seeps of the Nankai Trough. Bacterial input to the sediment was estimated through determination of phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) and DNA profiles. Results indicated a bacterial biomass of 10⁹ cells (g dry wt)^-1 while individual fatty acid profiles revealed a predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly 18:1 isomers. The presence of these fatty acids can be interpreted to reflect a response to low temperature and a predominance of psychrophilic bacteria. DNA fragments encoding bacterial ribosomal RNA small-subunit sequences (16S rDNA) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method using DNA extracted directly from the sediment samples. From the sequencing results, at least 19 kinds of bacterial 16S rDNAs related to mostly the Proteobacteria and a few gram-positive bacteria were identified. These results suggest that the bacterial community in the Nankai Trough sediments consists of mainly bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria , , and subdivisions. Bacteria belonging to the and subdivisions, which are known to include epibiont and sulfate reducing bacteria, respectively, were mostly detected in the sediment obtained from inside the area of the Calyptogena community, and the -Proteobacteria may function to supply reduced sulfur to bacterial endosymbionts of Calyptogena.     

Contrasting water–rock interaction behaviors of antimony and arsenic in contaminated rivers around an antimony mine,Hunan Province,China

Although antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) exhibit similar geochemical behavior and toxicity in the environment, growing evidence suggests that their water–rock interaction behavior in contaminated rivers is quite different. Twenty-nine river water samples were collected between September and November 2018 from contaminated rivers around an antimony mine in Hunan Province, China. The concentrations of As and Sb were inversely proportional to the water flow distance. The rates and magnitudes of Sb decrease were more prominent than those of As. Silicate mineral dissolution from rocks such as silicified limestone increased the As and Sb concentration of in-mine-district (IMD) water. Dissolution of carbonate minerals, ion exchange, and competitive adsorption were the major water–rock interactions, resulting in rapidly decreasing As and Sb concentration in IMD direct impacted water and IMD indirect impacted water. The behaviors of As and Sb during water–rock interaction were dissimilar for areas dominated by carbonate and silicate minerals.     

上海青浦CINRAD/SAD雷达和南汇WSR-88D雷达数据对比分析

上海青浦CINRAD/SAD雷达和南汇WSR 88D雷达型号不同,并且采用不同的双偏振技术升级方案,实际业务运行中2部雷达存在一定的数据偏差。为了对雷达的探测性能进行定量评估,在共同探测区域遴选2022年7—9月及2023年6月共30个过程3933个时次数据,以稳定性降水与对流性降水分类并按强度分级进行对比,评估了反射率因子ZH,差分反射率ZDR,相关系数CC和差分传播相移ΦDP的水平分布特征及随方位变化趋势,雷达灵敏度随仰角变化趋势以及ZH和ZDR偏差的定量统计。结果表明：2部雷达ZH的观测结果接近,青浦CINRAD/SAD雷达的ZH,CC和ΦDP受地物及避雷针影响较大,随方位变化不稳定,青浦CINRAD/SAD雷达在低层的非气象回波滤除效果较南汇WSR 88D雷达差。2部雷达ZH和ZDR的偏差在ZH大于40 dBz的区域较大,ZH平均偏差为0.9 dB,ZDR为-0.14 dB。本文基于台风、冰雹、短时强降水和梅雨降水数据,定量化评估了上海2部S波段双偏振天气雷达数据之间的差异,为后续算法改进以及数据订正提供参考。