Major-ion bulk deposition around an active volcano (Mt. Etna, Italy)

Bulk atmospheric deposition of major cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and anions (Cl, F, SO₄) were measured at 15 sites around an active volcano, Mount Etna, from 2001 to 2003. Their composition indicates several natural sources, among which deposition of plume-derived volcanogenic gas compounds is prevalent for F, Cl and S. Plume-derived acidic compounds are also responsible for the prevailing acidic composition of the samples collected on the summit of the volcano (pH in the 2.45–5.57 range). Cation species have complex origin, including deposition of plume volcanogenic ash and aerosols and soil-dust wind re-suspension of either volcanic or carbonate sedimentary rocks. Variation of the deposition rates during the March 2001–March 2003 period, coupled with previous measurements from 1997 to 2000 (Appl Geochem 16:985–1000, 2001), were compared with the variation of SO₂ flux, volcanic activity and rainfall. The deposition rate was mainly controlled by rainfall. Commonly, about 0.1–0.9% of HF, HCl and SO₂ emitted by the summit crater's plume were deposited around the volcano. We estimate that ∼2 Gg of volcanogenic sulphur were deposited over the Etnean area during the 2002–2003 flank eruption, at an average rate of ∼24 Mg day⁻¹ which is two orders of magnitude higher than that typical of quiescent degassing phases.     

岩石微破裂进程的自组织临界特征探讨

运用RFPA2D作为研究手段对岩石在单轴压缩条件下破裂过程的自组织行为作了数值模拟,再现了岩石破裂过程中的应力积累(stress buildup)、应力转移(stress transference)和应力阴影(stress shadow)等“3S”现象,探讨了自组织临界特征,澄清了临界自组织现象等概念。研究结果表明,岩石破裂过程中的自组织行为是一个动态力学过程,并不一定只是在自组织临界状态点之后才发生,而是在临界状态点附近前后都能发生,只不过显现程度各有差异,临界状态点之后现象更为显著。     

广东地震台网测震数据库管理系统

简要地介绍了测震数据库管理系统的研制背景、目的,详尽地描述了系统构成、测震数据库结构、系统功能、系统特点和认证技术。本系统采用服务器端的脚本编程语言PHP和MySQL数据库组合开发,具有增加数据库用户及用户授权、修改用户密码、数据库备份、数据表更新、地震查询及文本目录的输出、震相查询及文本格式输出、非天然地震查询、波形数据下载等功能。     

基于C/S模式的工程勘察图件信息管理系统设计

文中介绍了一个基于C/S模式的工程勘察图件信息管理系统的功能结构、设计思想及实现技术。该系统以单位局域网为依托,按客户机/服务器(C/S)模式实现图件的数据库组织与管理。其中服务器端在实现对图件信息进行数据库管理的同时,通过建立远程数据组织,并选择合适的数据集和与之对应的数据库连接组件,为客户端提供服务。客户端使用DCOM通信协议与服务器进行通信,并通过客户端的数据集提供者组件实现客户端与数据服务器的连接与访问。系统的实现为所在单位大量的岩土工程勘察图件提供了一个安全、可靠、使用方便的管理模式。并将单位的图件管理由分散的计算机管理变成有组织的集中管理,从而提高了图件的利用率和应用价值。     

三峡水库区滑坡时间记录的R/S分析

文章对统计的三峡库区滑坡的发生时间和规模运用时间记录分析,得到滑坡发生的年份统计规律及其发展趋势。首先对所有规模大于等于1×104m3滑坡进行分析,然后将这些滑坡按其规模划分不同等级,分别运用R/S方法进行时间记录分析,结果表明:不同规模等级滑坡的Hurst关系具有相似的特征,这一结果反映了不同规模等级的滑坡之间的统计相似性。研究区滑坡时间分布的Hurst指数均大于0.5,表明了滑坡发生具有规律和随机的双重性质。而Hurst指数偏离0.5的程度就衡量了随机性因素与确定性因素在滑坡时间分布中所占的比重。运用R/S方法,可以对一定时间范围内的滑坡涨落做出估计。     

基于B／S体系结构的地图制图生产管理系统

为适应地图制图生产模式的转变，实现地图制图生产管理的科学性和高效率，本文提出了一种基于B／S体系结构构建地图制图生产管理系统的方法。采用．NET、Java Applet和水晶报表技术解决普通页面、带地图元素页面和带统计图表页面的实现难题。系统具有易维护、视觉化效果好和软件复用性高等优点。     

霍山"震情窗"地区流动地磁S异常与华东中强地震相关性的研究

以霍山“震情窗”地区流动地磁测线的S值变化,预测霍山“震情窗”相关地区－华东地区中强地震,研究结果表明：“震情窗”地区流动地磁测线的S值异常与距离霍山“震情窗”R＜500km的华东中强地震有明显的相关性。     

Metallogenic geodynamic background of Mesozoic gold deposits in granite-greenstone terrains of North China Craton

The spatial distribution map of 65 mid-large gold-deposits hosted in the granite-greenstone terrains of the North China Craton is first drawn. These gold deposits mainly concentrate in the Mesozoic remobilized Yinshan-Yan-shan-Liaoning-Jilin intracontinental collisional orogenic belt, the northern Qinling and the Jiaodong Mesozoic collisional orogenic belts, and the Mesozoic intracontinental fault-magmatic belts developed along the Taihangshan and the Tan-Lu faults; their mineralizing time is predominantly Jurassic-Cretaceous, i. e. the Yanshanian. The metallogenic geodynamic background is exactly the compression-to-extension transition regime during continental collision. The results are partly from the project entitled “The main types of gold mineralizations in China and their metallogenic model” (89-El) supported by the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of China, and projects “Geology and metallogenesis of the main type gold deposits in East Chinaⁿ” (Grant No. 9488010) and “Study on ore-forming fluids of the Wangfeng gold deposit, Xinjiang” supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49672119).     

Computer-simulation models of scoria cone degradation

Long-term erosional modifications of the relatively simple morphology of scoria (‘cinder') cones are ideally suited for study by field and computer-simulation methods. A series of temporally-distinct cones in the San Francisco and Springerville volcanic fields of Arizona provides the foundation for documenting the degradational evolution of scoria cones in a semi-arid climate. Progressive changes due to erosion are illustrated by the systematic decrease with increasing age of various morphometric parameters, including scoria cone height, cone height/width ratio (H_co/W_co), crater depth/width ratio, and slope angle. For example, Holocene–latest Pleistocene cones in the San Francisco field have a mean H_co/W_co value of 0.178±0.041, a mean maximum slope angle of 29.7±4.2°, and a mean average slope angle of 26.4±7.3°, whereas the group of Pliocene cones have values of 0.077±0.024, 20.5±5.8°, and 8.7±2.7°, respectively. Comparative morphology of scoria cones is a potentially useful dating tool for mapping volcanic fields.In order to better understand the degradational modifications of these volcanic landforms, we have developed a numerical approach to simulate the surficial processes responsible for the erosion of a typical scoria cone. The simulation algorithm can apply either a linear diffusion-equation model or a model with a nonlinear transport law. Using a finite-difference formulation, the simulation operates upon a three-dimensional scoria cone input as a matrix of elevation values. Utilizing both field and model results, the correlation between changing H_co/W_co value, cone age, and computer time step was expressed graphically to derive comprehensive values of the transport or diffusion coefficient (D_f) for both volcanic fields. For the San Francisco volcanic field, D_f had a calculated value of 21.4 m²/kyr for the linear model and 5.3 m/kyr for the nonlinear model, while for the Springerville volcanic field D_f had a calculated value of 24.4 m²/kyr for the linear model and 6.3 m/kyr for the nonlinear model.     

岩石孔隙流体对纵横波速度影响的实验研究及意义

我们用ＭＴＳ的超声波测试系统研究了地表岩样饱和水及孔隙压力对纵横波速度的影响。在实验研究中,分别在常温常压条件下测量了干燥岩石和完全饱水岩石的纵横波速度,并在模拟地层条件下,测量了岩石纵横波速度随孔隙压力的变化。实验结果显示：（１）岩石完全饱和水后,与干燥时相比,纵波速度将明显增加,最大可增加３０％,且岩石在干燥时的纵波速度越低速度增大的比例越大,但纵波速度增大的比例与孔隙度无明显关系。饱水前后横波速度几乎保持不变。（２）在模拟地层的温压条件下,当孔隙压力由低到高,纵横波速度均将线性减小,且横波速度比纵波速度下降的比例更大。据此,得到了识别地层异常高压和地层含气的地震速度标志。